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Disease-free monoculture farming by fungus-growing termites.

Abstract：

:Fungus-growing termites engage in an obligate mutualistic relationship with Termitomyces fungi, which they maintain in monocultures on specialised fungus comb structures, without apparent problems with infectious diseases. While other fungi have been reported in the symbiosis, detailed comb fungal community analyses have been lacking. Here we use culture-dependent and -independent methods to characterise fungus comb mycobiotas from three fungus-growing termite species (two genera). Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) gene analyses using 454 pyrosequencing and Illumina MiSeq showed that non-Termitomyces fungi were essentially absent in fungus combs, and that Termitomyces fungal crops are maintained in monocultures as heterokaryons with two or three abundant ITS variants in a single fungal strain. To explore whether the essential absence of other fungi within fungus combs is potentially due to the production of antifungal metabolites by Termitomyces or comb bacteria, we performed in vitro assays and found that both Termitomyces and chemical extracts of fungus comb material can inhibit potential fungal antagonists. Chemical analyses of fungus comb material point to a highly complex metabolome, including compounds with the potential to play roles in mediating these contaminant-free farming conditions in the termite symbiosis.

journal_name

Sci Rep

journal_title

Scientific reports

authors

Otani S,Challinor VL,Kreuzenbeck NB,Kildgaard S,Krath Christensen S,Larsen LLM,Aanen DK,Rasmussen SA,Beemelmanns C,Poulsen M

doi

10.1038/s41598-019-45364-z

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2019-06-19 00:00:00

pages

8819

issue

1

issn

2045-2322

pii

10.1038/s41598-019-45364-z

journal_volume

9

pub_type

杂志文章

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