Termite mounds mitigate half of termite methane emissions.

abstract：:Estimation of evolutionary distances has always been a major issue in the study of molecular evolution because evolutionary distances are required for estimating the rate of evolution in a gene, the divergence dates between genes or organisms, and the relationships among genes or organisms. Other closely related issue...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Gu X,Li WH

更新日期：1998-05-26 00:00:00

abstract：:During vertebrate brain development, the onset of neuronal differentiation is under strict temporal control. In the mammalian thalamus and other brain regions, neurogenesis is regulated also in a spatially progressive manner referred to as a neurogenetic gradient, the underlying mechanism of which is unknown. Here we ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Scholpp S,Delogu A,Gilthorpe J,Peukert D,Schindler S,Lumsden A

更新日期：2009-11-24 00:00:00

abstract：:Conventional "bulk" PCR often yields inefficient and nonuniform amplification of complex templates in DNA libraries, introducing unwanted biases. Amplification of single DNA molecules encapsulated in a myriad of emulsion droplets (emulsion PCR, ePCR) allows the mitigation of this problem. Different ePCR regimes were e...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Terekhov SS,Eliseev IE,Ovchinnikova LA,Kabilov MR,Prjibelski AD,Tupikin AE,Smirnov IV,Belogurov AA Jr,Severinov KV,Lomakin YA,Altman S,Gabibov AG

更新日期：2020-11-03 00:00:00

abstract：:Antagonists of growth hormone-releasing hormone (GH-RH) inhibit the growth of various tumors through mechanisms that involve the suppression of the insulin-like growth factor I and/or insulin-like growth factor II levels or secretion. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that the tumor inhibition is associat...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kiaris H,Schally AV

更新日期：1999-01-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a global epidemic manifested mainly by chronic infection. One strategy that HCV employs to establish chronic infection is to use the viral Ser protease NS3/4A to cleave some unknown cellular targets involved in innate immunity. Here we show that the target of NS3/4A is the mitochondrial anti...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Li XD,Sun L,Seth RB,Pineda G,Chen ZJ

更新日期：2005-12-06 00:00:00

abstract：:The crystal structure of the complex between the heme- and FMN-binding domains of bacterial cytochrome P450BM-3, a prototype for the complex between eukaryotic microsomal P450s and P450 reductase, has been determined at 2.03 A resolution. The flavodoxin-like flavin domain is positioned at the proximal face of the heme...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Sevrioukova IF,Li H,Zhang H,Peterson JA,Poulos TL

更新日期：1999-03-02 00:00:00

abstract：:Social decisions require evaluation of costs and benefits to oneself and others. Long associated with emotion and vigilance, the amygdala has recently been implicated in both decision-making and social behavior. The amygdala signals reward and punishment, as well as facial expressions and the gaze of others. Amygdala ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Chang SW,Fagan NA,Toda K,Utevsky AV,Pearson JM,Platt ML

更新日期：2015-12-29 00:00:00

abstract：:Enzyme rates are usually considered to be dependent on local properties of the molecules involved in reactions. However, for large molecules, distant constraints might affect reaction rates by affecting dynamics leading to transition states. In single-molecule experiments we have found that enzymes that relax DNA tors...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bai H,Kath JE,Zörgiebel FM,Sun M,Ghosh P,Hatfull GF,Grindley ND,Marko JF

更新日期：2012-10-09 00:00:00

abstract：:Repeated within-day testing on a texture discrimination task leads to retinotopically specific decreases in performance. Although perceptual learning has been shown to be highly specific to the retinotopic location and characteristics of the trained stimulus, the specificity of perceptual deterioration has not been st...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Mednick SC,Arman AC,Boynton GM

更新日期：2005-03-08 00:00:00

abstract：:The binding of a few molecules [1-6] of RNA bacteriophage coat protein to 1 molecule of RNA represses in vitro translation of the RNA synthetase cistron. Digestion of the complex, R17 coat protein-R17 RNA, by T1 RNase yields an RNA fragment bound to the coat protein. The nucleotide sequence of this fragment (59 residu...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bernardi A,Spahr PF

更新日期：1972-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Proteins with intrinsically disordered domains are implicated in a vast range of biological processes, especially in cell signaling and regulation. Having solved the quaternary structure of the folded domains in the tumor suppressor p53 by a multidisciplinary approach, we have now determined the average ensemble struc...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wells M,Tidow H,Rutherford TJ,Markwick P,Jensen MR,Mylonas E,Svergun DI,Blackledge M,Fersht AR

更新日期：2008-04-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Unconventional mRNA splicing on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane is the sole conserved mechanism in eukaryotes to transmit information regarding misfolded protein accumulation to the nucleus to activate the stress response. In metazoans, the unspliced form of X-box-binding protein 1 (XBP1u) mRNA is recruited to...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kanda S,Yanagitani K,Yokota Y,Esaki Y,Kohno K

更新日期：2016-10-04 00:00:00

abstract：:X-ray structures of bovine heart cytochrome c oxidase have suggested that the enzyme, which reduces O(2) in a process coupled with a proton pumping process, contains a proton pumping pathway (H-pathway) composed of a hydrogen bond network and a water channel located in tandem across the enzyme. The hydrogen bond netwo...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Shimokata K,Katayama Y,Murayama H,Suematsu M,Tsukihara T,Muramoto K,Aoyama H,Yoshikawa S,Shimada H

更新日期：2007-03-06 00:00:00

abstract：:A remarkable property of Ca2+ fluxes through the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP3)-gated Ca2+ channel is that successive increments of InsP3 induce repeated transient release of accumulated Ca2+. The initial aim of this study was to propose a model, based on hypotheses compatible with the current description of thi...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Swillens S,Combettes L,Champeil P

更新日期：1994-10-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Reactive oxygen species, the by-products of oxidative energy metabolism, are considered a main proximate cause of aging. Accordingly, overexpression of the enzyme Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) can lengthen lifespan of Drosophila melanogaster in the laboratory. However, the role of SOD1 as a main determinant of l...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Parker JD,Parker KM,Sohal BH,Sohal RS,Keller L

更新日期：2004-03-09 00:00:00

abstract：:Chronic, low grade, sterile inflammation frequently accompanies aging and age-related diseases. Cellular senescence is associated with the production of proinflammatory chemokines, cytokines, and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling proteases, which comprise the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). We fo...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Xu M,Tchkonia T,Ding H,Ogrodnik M,Lubbers ER,Pirtskhalava T,White TA,Johnson KO,Stout MB,Mezera V,Giorgadze N,Jensen MD,LeBrasseur NK,Kirkland JL

更新日期：2015-11-17 00:00:00

abstract：:For brain functions such as working memory and motor planning, neuronal circuits are able to sustain persistent activity after transient inputs. Theoretical studies have suggested that persistent activity can exist in recurrently connected networks as active reverberation. However, the actual cellular processes underl...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lau PM,Bi GQ

更新日期：2005-07-19 00:00:00

abstract：:Nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD), which degrades transcripts harboring a premature termination codon (PTC), depends on the helicase up-frameshift 1 (UPF1). However, mRNAs that are not NMD targets also bind UPF1. What governs the timing, position, and function of UPF1 binding to mRNAs remains unclear. We provide evid...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kurosaki T,Maquat LE

更新日期：2013-02-26 00:00:00

abstract：:Alternative ribosome subunit proteins are prevalent in the genomes of diverse bacterial species, but their functional significance is controversial. Attempts to study microbial ribosomal heterogeneity have mostly relied on comparing wild-type strains with mutants in which subunits have been deleted, but this approach ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Chen YX,Xu ZY,Ge X,Sanyal S,Lu ZJ,Javid B

更新日期：2020-08-11 00:00:00

abstract：:The analysis of human whole-genome sequencing data presents significant computational challenges. The sheer size of datasets places an enormous burden on computational, disk array, and network resources. Here, we present an integrated computational package, PEMapper/PECaller, that was designed specifically to minimize...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Johnston HR,Chopra P,Wingo TS,Patel V,International Consortium on Brain and Behavior in 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome.,Epstein MP,Mulle JG,Warren ST,Zwick ME,Cutler DJ

更新日期：2017-03-07 00:00:00

abstract：:Large changes in solvent accessibility to aspartate transcarbamylase (aspartate carbamoyltransferase, carbamoylphosphate:L-aspartate carbamoyltransferase, EC 2.1.3.2), as monitored by tritium exchange, result from binding of substrates and substrate analogs to the catalytic subunit (c3), binding of nucleoside triphosp...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lennick M,Allewell NM

更新日期：1981-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In the mammalian central nervous system, the excitatory amino acid transmitter L-glutamate activates three pharmacologically distinguishable receptors, the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA), kainate, and quisqualate receptors. The present paper addresses the issue of whether these three receptors operate independent channel...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lerma J,Kushner L,Zukin RS,Bennett MV

更新日期：1989-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We sublocalized the yeast nucleoporin Nup82 to the cytoplasmic side of the nuclear pore complex (NPC) by immunoelectron microscopy. Moreover, by in vitro binding assays we showed that Nup82 interacts with the C-terminal region of Nup159, a yeast nucleoporin that previously was also localized to the cytoplasmic side of...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hurwitz ME,Strambio-de-Castillia C,Blobel G

更新日期：1998-09-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Animals are associated with a microbiome that can affect their reproductive success. It is, therefore, important to understand how a host and its microbiome coevolve. According to the hologenome concept, hosts and their microbiome form an integrated evolutionary entity, a holobiont, on which selection can potentially ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： van Vliet S,Doebeli M

更新日期：2019-10-08 00:00:00

abstract：:We measured the dependence of the variance in the rotation rate of tethered cells of Escherichia coli on the mean rotation rate over a regime in which the motor generates constant torque. This dependence was compared with that of broken motors. In either case, motor torque was augmented with externally applied torque....

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Samuel AD,Berg HC

更新日期：1995-04-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Insulin resistance, obesity, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and nonalcoholic fatty liver are components of the metabolic syndrome, a disease complex that is increasing at epidemic rates in westernized countries. Although proinflammatory cytokines have been suggested to contribute to the development of these disorders, the mo...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ueki K,Kondo T,Tseng YH,Kahn CR

更新日期：2004-07-13 00:00:00

abstract：:The adult repertoire of antibody specificities is acquired in a developmentally programmed fashion that, in mouse and man, parallels the ordered rearrangement of a limited number of germ-line heavy chain variable region (VH) gene segments during development. It has been hypothesized that this developmental bias is a c...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Willems van Dijk K,Milner LA,Sasso EH,Milner EC

更新日期：1992-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Chemical cross-linking mass spectrometry (CXMS) is being increasingly used to study protein assemblies and complex protein interaction networks. Existing CXMS chemical cross-linkers target only Lys, Cys, Glu, and Asp residues, limiting the information measurable. Here we report a "plant-and-cast" cross-linking strateg...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Yang B,Wu H,Schnier PD,Liu Y,Liu J,Wang N,DeGrado WF,Wang L

更新日期：2018-10-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Werner syndrome and Bloom syndrome result from defects in the RecQ helicases Werner (WRN) and Bloom (BLM), respectively, and display premature aging phenotypes. Similarly, XFE progeroid syndrome results from defects in the ERCC1-XPF DNA repair endonuclease. To gain insight into the origin of cellular senescence and hu...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hagelstrom RT,Blagoev KB,Niedernhofer LJ,Goodwin EH,Bailey SM

更新日期：2010-09-07 00:00:00

abstract：:We present the diploid genome sequence of the fungal pathogen Candida albicans. Because C. albicans has no known haploid or homozygous form, sequencing was performed as a whole-genome shotgun of the heterozygous diploid genome in strain SC5314, a clinical isolate that is the parent of strains widely used for molecular...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Jones T,Federspiel NA,Chibana H,Dungan J,Kalman S,Magee BB,Newport G,Thorstenson YR,Agabian N,Magee PT,Davis RW,Scherer S

更新日期：2004-05-11 00:00:00