Liquid drop of DNA libraries reveals total genome information.

abstract：:Levels of inter-male aggression, both in laboratory encounters and in the field, rise dramatically during the breeding season, closely paralleling the seasonal rise in testosterone. However, post-pubertally castrated males also show the dramatic seasonal rise in aggression in laboratory encounters with castrated oppon...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Caldwell GS,Glickman SE,Smith ER

更新日期：1984-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A common design principle of heteromeric signaling proteins is the use of shared subunits. This allows encoding of complex messages while maintaining evolutionary flexibility. How cells regulate and control assembly of such composite signaling proteins remains an important open question. An example of particular compl...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Müller SI,Friedl A,Aschenbrenner I,Esser-von Bieren J,Zacharias M,Devergne O,Feige MJ

更新日期：2019-01-29 00:00:00

abstract：:Levinthal's paradox is that finding the native folded state of a protein by a random search among all possible configurations can take an enormously long time. Yet proteins can fold in seconds or less. Mathematical analysis of a simple model shows that a small and physically reasonable energy bias against locally unfa...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Zwanzig R,Szabo A,Bagchi B

更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The secreted Bv8 protein has been recently characterized as a regulator of myeloid cell mobilization and a neutrophil-derived mediator of tumor angiogenesis in several xenografts, but its role in tumor progression in an endogenous setting was unknown. The rat insulin promoter (RIP)-T-antigen (Tag) is a well characteri...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Shojaei F,Singh M,Thompson JD,Ferrara N

更新日期：2008-02-19 00:00:00

abstract：:Ca(V)1 channels initiate excitation-contraction coupling in skeletal and cardiac muscle. During the fight-or-flight response, epinephrine released by the adrenal medulla and norepinephrine released from sympathetic nerves increase muscle contractility by activation of the β-adrenergic receptor/cAMP-dependent protein k...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Emrick MA,Sadilek M,Konoki K,Catterall WA

更新日期：2010-10-26 00:00:00

abstract：:General optimization results from physics indicate that maximum efficiency of a process, in the sense of minimum overall entropy production, is achieved when the rate of entropy production is constant over time, however not in ordinary clock time but on an, in general varying, "eigen time" scale, intrinsic to the syst...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Andresen B,Shiner JS,Uehlinger DE

更新日期：2002-04-30 00:00:00

abstract：:From a flounder pituitary cDNA library, cDNA clones encoding a 28-kDa glycoprotein produced by the pars intermedia of the pituitary were isolated and characterized. Nucleotide sequencing demonstrated a precursor of the 28-kDa protein, which consisted of 231 amino acid residues, to be cleaved into a signal peptide (24 ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ono M,Takayama Y,Rand-Weaver M,Sakata S,Yasunaga T,Noso T,Kawauchi H

更新日期：1990-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is central to calcium homeostasis and bone maintenance in vertebrates, and as such it has been used for treating osteoporosis. It acts primarily by binding to its receptor, PTH1R, a member of the class B G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) family that also includes receptors for glucagon, calci...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Pioszak AA,Xu HE

更新日期：2008-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Tramadol, previously only known as a synthetic analgesic, has now been found in the bark and wood of roots of the African medicinal tree Nauclea latifolia. At present, no direct evidence is available as to the biosynthetic pathway of its unusual skeleton. To provide guidance as to possible biosynthetic precursors, we ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Romek KM,Nun P,Remaud GS,Silvestre V,Taïwe GS,Lecerf-Schmidt F,Boumendjel A,De Waard M,Robins RJ

更新日期：2015-07-07 00:00:00

abstract：:The complex biomechanical events associated with embryo development are investigated in vivo, by using femtosecond laser pulse-induced ablation combined with multimodal nonlinear microscopy. We demonstrate controlled intravital ablations preserving local cytoskeleton dynamics and resulting in the modulation of specifi...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Supatto W,Débarre D,Moulia B,Brouzés E,Martin JL,Farge E,Beaurepaire E

更新日期：2005-01-25 00:00:00

abstract：:Because most human squamous carcinoma cell lines of the aerodigestive and genital tracts are refractory to the antiproliferative action of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF beta 1) in vitro, we have begun to identify the causes for resistance of squamous carcinoma cell lines to TGF beta 1 by using somatic cell ge...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Reiss M,Muñoz-Antonia T,Cowan JM,Wilkins PC,Zhou ZL,Vellucci VF

更新日期：1993-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:alpha-Trichosanthin, a eukaryotic ribosome-inactivating protein from Trichosanthes kirilowii, inhibits the replication of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in vitro. The alpha-trichosanthin gene was placed under the transcriptional control of a tobamovirus subgenomic promoter in a plant RNA viral vector. Two week...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kumagai MH,Turpen TH,Weinzettl N,della-Cioppa G,Turpen AM,Donson J,Hilf ME,Grantham GL,Dawson WO,Chow TP

更新日期：1993-01-15 00:00:00

abstract：:We have recently identified a family of rhesus monkeys with members exhibiting a spontaneous hypercholesterolemia associated with a low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) deficiency. By using the polymerase chain reaction, we now show that the affected monkeys are heterozygous for a nonsense mutation in exon 6 of the...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hummel M,Li ZG,Pfaffinger D,Neven L,Scanu AM

更新日期：1990-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The template for transcription and replication of negative-stranded RNA viruses is a ribonucleoprotein structure, the nucleocapsid. We have developed a system that supports assembly of the negative-stranded RNA genome of a defective interfering (DI) particle of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) into a nucleocapsid in v...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Mirakhur B,Peluso RW

更新日期：1988-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The stability and integrity of mRNAs encoding neurotransmitter receptors and voltage-activated channels in the postmortem rat brain was investigated by isolating poly(A)+ mRNA, injecting it into Xenopus oocytes, and then examining the expression of functional neurotransmitter receptors and voltage-activated channels i...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ragsdale DS,Miledi R

更新日期：1991-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We describe a fractionation and purification scheme for the Drosophila RNA polymerase II general transcription factors. Drosophila TFIIE, TFIIF, TFIIH, and RNA polymerase II have been purified to greater than 50% homogeneity from Drosophila embryo nuclear extracts. TFIID has been purified 80-fold and is not significan...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Austin RJ,Biggin MD

更新日期：1996-06-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Von Willebrand factor-binding protein (VWbp), secreted by Staphylococcus aureus, displays secondary structural homology to the 3-helix bundle, D1 and D2 domains of staphylocoagulase (SC), a potent conformational activator of the blood coagulation zymogen, prothrombin (ProT). In contrast to the classical proteolytic ac...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kroh HK,Panizzi P,Bock PE

更新日期：2009-05-12 00:00:00

abstract：:Although current demands for therapeutic mAbs are growing quickly, production methods to date, including in vitro mammalian tissue culture and transgenic animals, provide only limited quantities at high cost. Several tumor-associated antigens in tumor cells have been identified as targets for therapeutic mAbs. Here we...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Brodzik R,Glogowska M,Bandurska K,Okulicz M,Deka D,Ko K,van der Linden J,Leusen JH,Pogrebnyak N,Golovkin M,Steplewski Z,Koprowski H

更新日期：2006-06-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Extracts of insect cells infected with baculoviruses recombinant for the herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1)-encoded enzymes that are required for its replication can promote the rolling circle replication of circular plasmid templates. Replication is independent of a HSV-1 origin of replication (oris) or the HSV-1 origin ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Skaliter R,Lehman IR

更新日期：1994-10-25 00:00:00

abstract：:Our ability to interpret seismic observations including the seismic discontinuities and the density and velocity profiles in the earth's interior is critically dependent on the accuracy of pressure measurements up to 364 GPa at high temperature. Pressure scales based on the reduced shock-wave equations of state alone ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Fei Y,Ricolleau A,Frank M,Mibe K,Shen G,Prakapenka V

更新日期：2007-05-29 00:00:00

abstract：:A "supercooled" liquid develops when a fluid does not crystallize upon cooling below its ordering temperature. Instead, the microscopic relaxation times diverge so rapidly that, upon further cooling, equilibration eventually becomes impossible and glass formation occurs. Classic supercooled liquids exhibit specific id...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kassner ER,Eyvazov AB,Pichler B,Munsie TJ,Dabkowska HA,Luke GM,Davis JC

更新日期：2015-07-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Maize domestication is one of the greatest feats of artificial selection and evolution, wherein a weedy plant in Central Mexico was converted through human-mediated selection into the most productive crop in the world. In fact, the changes were so astounding that it took much of the last century to identify modern mai...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Tian F,Stevens NM,Buckler ES 4th

更新日期：2009-06-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Efficient expression of human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I) genes requires both host and viral proteins and is dependent on DNA sequences in the proviral long terminal repeats (LTRs). We have used DNase I-protection assays (footprinting) to construct a map of protein-DNA interactions over a 250-nucleotide regi...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Nyborg JK,Dynan WS,Chen IS,Wachsman W

更新日期：1988-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Within the trimeric HIV-1 envelope (Env) spike, the first and second variable loops (V1V2 region) and the third variable loop (V3) of the gp120 subunit play dual roles in antibody recognition, because they contain neutralization epitopes and also participate in epitope masking. The spatial relationships between V1V2 a...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Liu L,Cimbro R,Lusso P,Berger EA

更新日期：2011-12-13 00:00:00

abstract：:Interphase chromosomes were isolated in good yield from four species of fungi. In no case does the chromatin contain histones such as are characteristic of the chromosomes of other eukaryotic organisms. ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Leighton TJ,Dill BC,Stock JJ,Phillips C

更新日期：1971-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The expression of CD5 increases progressively as thymocytes mature. We have shown that CD5 expression is controlled by a tissue-specific regulatory promoter located upstream of the CD5 translation start sites. Deletion of this regulatory promoter, which contains three potential transcription factor binding sites (CCAA...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Yang Y,Contag CH,Felsher D,Shachaf CM,Cao Y,Herzenberg LA,Herzenberg LA,Tung JW

更新日期：2004-03-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Microtubule-associated protein 2 kinase (MAP kinase), which exists in several forms, is a protein serine/threonine kinase that participates in a growth factor-activated protein kinase cascade in which it activates a ribosomal protein S6 kinase (pp90rsk) while being regulated itself by a cytoplasmic factor (MAP kinase ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Seger R,Ahn NG,Boulton TG,Yancopoulos GD,Panayotatos N,Radziejewska E,Ericsson L,Bratlien RL,Cobb MH,Krebs EG

更新日期：1991-07-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder of uncertain pathogenesis characterized by a loss of substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) dopaminergic (DA) neurons, and can be modeled by the neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). Both inflammatory processes and oxidative stress may c...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wu DC,Teismann P,Tieu K,Vila M,Jackson-Lewis V,Ischiropoulos H,Przedborski S

更新日期：2003-05-13 00:00:00

abstract：:Id2 is a natural inhibitor of the basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors and the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor protein. Active Id2 prevents differentiation and promotes cell-cycle progression and tumorigenesis in the nervous system. A key event that regulates Id2 activity during differentiation is translocatio...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lasorella A,Iavarone A

更新日期：2006-03-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Past research found that the ingestion of glucose can enhance self-control. It has been widely assumed that basic physiological processes underlie this effect. We hypothesized that the effect of glucose also depends on people's theories about willpower. Three experiments, both measuring (experiment 1) and manipulating...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Job V,Walton GM,Bernecker K,Dweck CS

更新日期：2013-09-10 00:00:00