Abstract:
:Carbohydrate has been removed from a number of glycoproteins without major effect on the structure or enzyme activity of the protein. Thus carbohydrate has been suggested to underly a non-primary function for proteins, such as in relatively non-specific interactions with other carbohydrates or macromolecules, stabilization of protein conformation, or protection from proteolysis. This non-specific concept is consistent with both the general similarity in carbohydrate structure on very diverse glycoproteins and the frequent structural microheterogeneity of carbohydrate chains at given sites. The concept is supported in a general sense by the viability of cells whose glycosylation processes have been globally disrupted by mutation or pharmacological inhibitors. In contrast to the above observations, other studies have revealed the existence of specific, selective receptors for discrete oligosaccharide structures on glycoproteins which seem to be important for compartmentalization of the glycoprotein, or the positioning of cells on which the glycoprotein is concentrated. Sometimes multivalency in the carbohydrate-receptor interaction is crucial. There are additional possible roles for carbohydrate in the transduction of information upon binding to a receptor. The possibility of specific roles for carbohydrate is supported by the existence of numerous unique carbohydrate structures, many of which have been detected as glycoantigens by monoclonal antibodies, with unique distributions in developing and differentiated cells. This article attempts to summarize and rationalize the contradictory results. It appears that in general carbohydrate does in fact underlie only roles secondary to a protein's primary function. These secondary roles are simple non-specific ones of protection and stabilization, but often also satisfy the more sophisticated needs of spatial position control and compartmentalization in multicellular eukaryotic organisms. It is suggested that there are advantages, evolutionarily speaking, for the shared use of carbohydrate for non-specific roles and for specific roles primarily as luxury functions to be executed during the processes of cell differentiation and morphogenesis.
journal_name
Mol Cell Biochemjournal_title
Molecular and cellular biochemistryauthors
West CMdoi
10.1007/BF00230632subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1986-11-01 00:00:00pages
3-20issue
1-2eissn
0300-8177issn
1573-4919journal_volume
72pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::The exchange of protons and deuterons by phosphoglucoisomerase during the single passage conversion of D-[2-13C,1-2H]fructose 6-phosphate in H2O or D-[2-13C]fructose 6-phosphate in D2O to D-[2-13C]glucose 6-phosphate, as coupled with the further generation of 6-phospho-D-[2-13C]gluconate in the presence of excess gluc...
journal_title:Molecular and cellular biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00227479
更新日期:1991-05-15 00:00:00
abstract::The astonishing growth rate of deer antlers offers a valuable model for the discovery of novel factors and regulatory systems controlling rapid tissue growth. Numerous molecules have been identified in growing antlers using a variety of techniques. However, little is known about the spatial distribution of these molec...
journal_title:Molecular and cellular biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11010-015-2527-7
更新日期:2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The molecular mechanisms potentially responsible for cadmium carcinogenesis were investigated by differential gene expression analysis of Balb/c-3T3 cells morphologically transformed with cadmium chloride. Differential display analysis of gene expression revealed overexpression of mouse Translation Initiation Factor 3...
journal_title:Molecular and cellular biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1023/b:mcbi.0000007265.38475.f7
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Guanidino compounds of guanidinoethanesulfonic acid, guanidinoacetic acid, guanidinosuccinic acid, N-acetylarginine, beta-guanidinopropionic acid, creatinine, gamma-guanidinobutyric acid, arginine, guanidine, methylguanidine, homoarginine and alpha-guanidinoglutaric acid are present in the mammalian brain. These guani...
journal_title:Molecular and cellular biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2003-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Susceptibility of four major rat tissues to oxidative damage in terms of lipid peroxidation induced by in vitro by ascorbate-Fe2+ in homogenates and mitochondria has been examined. Lipid peroxidation, as assessed by thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and conjugated dienes was maximum in brain followed by ...
journal_title:Molecular and cellular biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1023/a:1006895531504
更新日期:1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The present study is designed to investigate the effect of myocardial preconditioning with oxidative stress induced by pyrogallol or H2O2, on ischaemia-reperfusion induced myocardial injury. Isolated perfused rat heart was subjected to global ischaemia for 30 min followed by reperfusion for 120 min. Coronary effluent ...
journal_title:Molecular and cellular biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1023/a:1011038531656
更新日期:2001-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Free fatty acids (FFA)-induced proliferation and apoptosis was studied in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). A recombinant adenovirus containing a RNAi cassette targeting the GSK-3beta gene was produced and its silencing effect on GSK-3beta gene was detected by Western blot analysis and immunohistochemis...
journal_title:Molecular and cellular biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11010-009-0345-5
更新日期:2010-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::In addition to the classical genomic steroid actions on modulation of transcription and protein synthesis, rapid, nongenomic effects have been described for various steroids. These effects on cellular signaling and function are supposed to be transmitted by membrane binding sites unrelated to the classical intracellul...
journal_title:Molecular and cellular biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1023/a:1007269507856
更新日期:2001-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ovarian cancer is one of the greatest causes of cancer death in women. The association of TMEM49 and ovarian cancer is poorly defined. Here, we reported that TMEM49 was significantly increased in ovarian tumor tissues compared to ovarian normal tissues. Furthermore, down-regulation of TMEM49 through RNA interference i...
journal_title:Molecular and cellular biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11010-016-2684-3
更新日期:2016-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Glioblastomas are the most malignant and most frequent brain tumors and exciting targets of gene and immunotherapy. Despite rapid development of experimental therapy little is known about the cellular behaviour of therapeutic oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs). Here we designed uptake, cellular distribution and cellular bin...
journal_title:Molecular and cellular biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11010-005-6605-0
更新日期:2005-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this study was to evaluate the mechanism by which Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide stimulates the secretion of phosphatidylcholine in primary cultures of rat type II pneumocytes. The stimulatory effect of lipopolysaccharide on phosphatidylcholine secretion was additive to those of terbutaline and TPA...
journal_title:Molecular and cellular biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1023/a:1007040708579
更新日期:2000-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Tyrosine levels are abnormally elevated in tissues and physiological fluids of patients with inborn errors of tyrosine catabolism, especially in tyrosinemia type II, which is caused by deficiency of tyrosine aminotransferase and provokes eyes, skin, and central nervous system disturbances. Considering that the mechani...
journal_title:Molecular and cellular biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11010-012-1225-y
更新日期:2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study aimed to explore the potential contribution of myofibrils to contractile dysfunction in Ca2+-paradox hearts. Isolated rat hearts were perfused with Krebs-Henseleit solution (Control), followed by Ca2+-depletion, and then Ca2+-repletion after Ca2+-depletion (Ca2+-paradox) by Langendorff method. During heart ...
journal_title:Molecular and cellular biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11010-017-2954-8
更新日期:2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chloroplasts from spinach can be separated into at least three different populations by countercurrent distribution using polymer two-phase systems. The chloroplast particles of the three populations differ in protein/chlorophyll ratio, ultrastructure and metabolism. One population, peak I, consists of intact chloropl...
journal_title:Molecular and cellular biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF01744998
更新日期:1976-06-15 00:00:00
abstract::Inhalation of silica in a number of occupational settings can result in debilitating and costly lung disease. It is thought that the pathological replacement of functional lung tissue with fibrotic lesions in silica-induced lung disease is the result of chronic inflammation mediated by products of the silica-exposed a...
journal_title:Molecular and cellular biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2002-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of transcription and translation inhibitors on NADP-glutamate dehydrogenase and glutamine synthetase synthesis in nitrogen-starving Ankistrodesmus braunii cells have been studied. Considering the results obtained one can suggest that both enzymes are coded in a chloroplast genome and that during nitrogen s...
journal_title:Molecular and cellular biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00234408
更新日期:1982-09-03 00:00:00
abstract::Mucus hypersecretion is an important manifestation in patients with chronic inflammatory airway diseases. Mucin 5AC (MUC5AC) is a major component of airway mucus. MUC5AC expression is regulated by epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) which can be activated by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Hyaluronan (HA), a linear...
journal_title:Molecular and cellular biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11010-011-0740-6
更新日期:2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Shin et al. (Biochim Biophys Acta 444: 794-801, 1976) described the subcellular location of [3H]folic acid after injection into rats. The microsomal fraction of the liver contained relatively large amounts of tracer initially but lower amounts at later times. Because of the heterogeneous nature of the microsomal fract...
journal_title:Molecular and cellular biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1990-09-03 00:00:00
abstract::The main purpose of this study was to determine the subchronic effects of low concentrations of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) on the inotropic response and on the cellular level of high energy phosphates of cardiomyocytes. Therefore, the inotropic response of cultured neonatal rat heart cells to 10(-5) M iso...
journal_title:Molecular and cellular biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00426336
更新日期:1996-03-23 00:00:00
abstract::In an isolated, normothermic rat heart model (Langendorff, 37 degrees C), dimethylthiourea (DMTU) infusion only during reperfusion reduced both injury and measurable hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) concentrations after global ischemia. Cardiac function was assessed by measurement of ventricular developed pressure (DP). H2O2 ...
journal_title:Molecular and cellular biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00421052
更新日期:1988-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The PKC family of serine/threonine kinases have been implicated in a diverse array of cellular responses. Adult cardiac myocytes express multiple PKC isozymes, which participate in the response of muscle cells to extracellular stimuli, modulate contractile properties, and promote cell growth and survival. Recently, th...
journal_title:Molecular and cellular biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1023/a:1012261903611
更新日期:2001-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ionizing radiation induces apoptosis in human Molt-4 leukemia cells in a p53-dependent manner. The tumor suppressor p53 stimulates various downstream targets that presumably trigger, individually or in concert, de novo ceramide synthesis and intrinsic apoptosis via mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP)....
journal_title:Molecular and cellular biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11010-020-03874-9
更新日期:2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::We report the isolation of a full length cDNA from cardiac muscle that encodes a approximately 73 kDa calcium/calmodulin (CaM) dependent kinase IIbeta isoform (CaMKIIbeta(C)) that was generated by alternative splicing of the CaMKIIbeta gene. Antipeptide antibodies raised to specific regions of the kinase identified a ...
journal_title:Molecular and cellular biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11010-005-5234-y
更新日期:2005-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Endothelin-1 (ET-1), a peptide isolated from the culture medium of endothelial cells, mediates a variety of physiological and pathological responses including mitogenesis. We have compared the expression of ET receptors in untransformed versus ras-transformed NIH-3T3 murine fibroblasts and in untransformed versus SV40...
journal_title:Molecular and cellular biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1023/a:1006827007251
更新日期:1997-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The present study examined the effect of fenoldopam, a known dopamine-1 receptor (DA1) agonist in order to understand its involvement in the cardiac hypertrophic process. Male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent abdominal aortic constriction (AB) with placement of a suprarenal ligature while sham operated animals served as ...
journal_title:Molecular and cellular biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00926744
更新日期:1995-03-09 00:00:00
abstract::This paper reviews the model of the control of mitochondrial substrate oxidation by Ca2+ ions. The mechanism is the activation by Ca2+ of four mitochondrial dehydrogenases, viz. glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, the pyruvate dehydrogenase multienzyme complex (PDH), NAD-linked isocitrate dehydrogenase (NAD-IDH) and 2...
journal_title:Molecular and cellular biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1998-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Myocardial hypoxia is a major cause of cardiac dysfunction due to its triggering cell injury and apoptosis. Deregulated microRNAs and their roles in cardiomyocyte apoptosis have attracted much attention. miR-133a is among the most abundant of the miRNAs present in the normal heart, and significant changes in expressio...
journal_title:Molecular and cellular biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11010-014-2273-2
更新日期:2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cardiac muscle-related microRNAs play important roles in cardiac development and disease by translational silencing of mRNAs, the dominant mechanism of microRNA action. To test whether they could be involved in daunorubicin-associated cardiomyopathy (DACM), we determined expression patterns of myomiRs in two distinct ...
journal_title:Molecular and cellular biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11010-017-2999-8
更新日期:2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::In liver fibrosis, the quiescent hepatic stellate cells (HSC) are activated to proliferate and express the activated myofibroblast phenotype, losing fat droplets and the stored vitamin A, and depositing more extracellular matrix. Therapeutic strategies for liver fibrosis are focused on HSC. Pentoxifylline (PTF), an an...
journal_title:Molecular and cellular biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1023/a:1027356412399
更新日期:2003-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The amylase-protein amylase inhibitor system offers a unique model of specific and reversilbe protein-protein interaction. The monomeric and dimeric inhibitors, exhibiting closely related properties and interacting with the same amylase, also provide a convenient test to compare effects of monomer-monomer and monomer-...
journal_title:Molecular and cellular biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00280273
更新日期:1977-12-29 00:00:00