Abstract：
:Traditional views suggest that growth hormone and the growth hormone receptor (GH/GHR complex) exert their functions only on the plasma membrane. This paradigm, however, has been challenged by recent new findings that the GH/GHR complex could translocate into cell nuclei where they could still exhibit important physiological functions. We also reported the nuclear localization of porcine GH/GHR and their potential functions in porcine hepatocytes. However, the basic path of pGH/GHR's nuclear translocation remains unclear. Combining previous research results and our current findings, we proposed two basic routes of pGH/GHR's nuclear transportation as follows: 1) after pGH binding to GHR, pGH/GHR enters into the cytoplasm though clathrin- or caveolin-mediated endocytosis, then the pGH/GHR complex enters into early endosomes (Rab5-positive), and the endosome carries the GH/GHR complex to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). After endosome docking on the ER, the endosome starts fission, and the pGH/GHR complex enters into the ER lumen. Then the pGH/GHR complex transports into the cytoplasm, possibly by the ERAD pathway. Subsequently, the pGH/GHR complex interacts with IMPα/β, which, in turn, mediates GH/GHR nuclear localization; 2) pGH binds with the GHR on the cell membrane and, subsequently, pGH/GHR internalizes into the cell and enters into the endosome (this endosome may belong to a class of endosomes called envelope-associated endosomes (NAE)). Then, the endosome carries the pGH/GHR to the nuclear membrane. After docking on the nuclear membrane, the pGH/GHR complex fuses with the nuclear membrane and then enters into the cell nucleus.
journal_name
Gen Comp Endocrinoljournal_title
General and comparative endocrinologyauthors
Hainan L,Huilin L,Khan MA,Xin Z,YuJiang Y,Hui Z,Naiquan Ydoi
10.1016/j.ygcen.2018.05.002subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2018-09-15 00:00:00pages
101-109eissn
0016-6480issn
1095-6840pii
S0016-6480(17)30830-4journal_volume
266pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Previous studies have provided evidence that D-Asp plays a role in steroid-mediated reproductive biology in amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals. To examine the molecular involvement of D-Asp on steroidogenic pathway regulation, we analysed the expression of StAR, P450 aromatase and 5αRed2 mRNAs in Pelophylax escul...
journal_title：General and comparative endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ygcen.2011.10.006
更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Pheromones are known to trigger either short-term behavioral responses, usually referred to as "releaser effects", or more long-term physiological changes, known as "primer effects", which especially affect reproductive function at the level of the gonadotrope axis. The precise mechanisms through which pheromones inte...
journal_title：General and comparative endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ygcen.2013.03.008
更新日期：2013-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent studies have revealed nesfatin-1 as a hypothalamic neuropeptide, regulating food intake, energy expenditure and reproduction primarily by acting on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. Nesfatin-1 is also localized in several peripheral tissues including testes. However, functional significance of nesfatin-1...
journal_title：General and comparative endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ygcen.2018.10.022
更新日期：2019-01-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Vertebrate eggs are surrounded by an extracellular glycoprotein coat termed zona pellucida (ZP). Integrity of ZP is critical for a correct embryo development. Two zona pellucida protein genes (zpb and zpc) from European eel were characterized, specific qPCR assays developed and their expression in immature males and f...
journal_title：General and comparative endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ygcen.2012.06.003
更新日期：2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Y-Organs and control tissues from intact (intermolt) and 48-hr de-eyestalked Cancer antennarius donors were cultured for 12 and 24 hr in crustacean saline supplemented 10% with crab serum and containing [14C]cholesterol. Under these conditions, Y-organs took up significantly more [14C]cholesterol than ovary or muscle,...
journal_title：General and comparative endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0016-6480(85)90215-1
更新日期：1985-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Prolactin (PRL) and two variants of growth hormone (GH), purified from pituitaries of striped bass (Morone saxatilis) and its hybrid with white bass (M. saxatilis x M. chrysops) by gel filtration chromatography under alkaline conditions followed by reversed-phase high pressure liquid chromatography, appear similar bet...
journal_title：General and comparative endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/gcen.1999.7399
更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In fishes, maternal exposure to a stressor can influence offspring size and behavior. However, less is known about how maternal stress influences physiological processes in offspring, such as function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-interrenal (HPI) axis. We examined the impact of chronic maternal exposure to an acute c...
journal_title：General and comparative endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ygcen.2015.12.018
更新日期：2017-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Experiments were carried out to test the efficiency of cryopreservation of whole testicular tissue in tench Tinca tinca and goldfish Carassius auratus and compare it to cryopreservation of isolated testicular cells. Additionally, effects of three cryoprotectants (dimethyl sulphoxyde - Me2SO, methanol - MeOH and ethyle...
journal_title：General and comparative endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ygcen.2016.07.005
更新日期：2017-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Increasing evidence shows that growth hormone (GH) expression is not limited to the pituitary, as it can be produced in many other tissues. It is known that growth hormone (GH) plays a role in the control of reproductive tract development. Acting as an endocrine, paracrine and/or autocrine regulator, GH influences pro...
journal_title：General and comparative endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ygcen.2014.02.021
更新日期：2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The cell types within the endocrine pancreatic tissue and anterior intestine of larvae and juveniles of representatives of the two southern-hemisphere families (Mordaciidae and Geotriidae) were compared, using immunohistochemistry and antisera against insulin (lamprey, bovine), two somatostatins (SST-14, -34), two PP-...
journal_title：General and comparative endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/gcen.1993.1152
更新日期：1993-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of a long term partial food restriction were studied in chickens and rats. In chickens the treatment resulted in increased plasma T4 levels while T4 levels in rats remained unchanged. Plasma T3 decreased in both species. In vitro hepatic outer ring deiodinating type I (ORD-I) activity was not influenced by...
journal_title：General and comparative endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/gcen.1995.1164
更新日期：1995-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Triorganotins, such as tributyltin chloride (TBTCl), are environmental contaminants that are commonly found in the antifouling paints used in ships and other vessels. The importance of TBTCl as an endocrine-disrupting chemical (EDC) in different animal models is well known; however, its adverse effects on the thyroid ...
journal_title：General and comparative endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ygcen.2014.07.027
更新日期：2014-09-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Fetal development is a critical period of physical development, and factors in the intrauterine environment can cause lasting effects on the growth and development of offspring. There is little research evaluating organizational effects of early androgen exposure of endogenous maternal origins on the prenatal and post...
journal_title：General and comparative endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ygcen.2009.10.008
更新日期：2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is a member of the vertebrate insulin/insulin-like growth factor/relaxin gene family necessary for growth, reproduction, and survival at both the cellular and organismal level. Its sequence, protein structure, and function have been characterized in mammals, birds, and fish; howeve...
journal_title：General and comparative endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ygcen.2012.04.022
更新日期：2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:High plasma levels of testosterone at the beginning of the breeding season adjust male physiology for mating and promote territorial behavior in birds. Conversely intra-sexual competition may elicit a temporary increase in circulating testosterone. Male black redstarts (Phoenicurus ochruros) from migratory populations...
journal_title：General and comparative endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ygcen.2014.04.017
更新日期：2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The arginine vasotocin/vasopressin (AVT/AVP) and gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) systems are known to control sexual behaviors and reproduction, respectively, in different vertebrate groups. However, a direct functional connection between these two neuroendocrine systems has not been demonstrated for any vertebr...
journal_title：General and comparative endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ygcen.2015.07.013
更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of somatostatin-14 (SS-14) and salmon somatostatin-25 (sSS-25) on hepatic glycogenolysis were studied by incubating rainbow trout liver pieces in vitro. Glycogen content in untreated liver pieces cultured for 3 and 5 hr was 28.6 +/- 7.6 mg/g fresh wt. and 21.5 +/- 6.6 U, respectively. Treatment of liver pi...
journal_title：General and comparative endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0016-6480(91)90183-7
更新日期：1991-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:An androgen-binding activity has been identified in nuclear extracts of the testis of the frog, Rana esculenta. A single class of high affinity (Kd = 2.5 +/- 0.6 x 10(-9) M), low-capacity binding sites was found. The binding was specific for androgens; 17 beta-estradiol displaced [3H]testosterone with an ID50 of 0.1 m...
journal_title：General and comparative endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0016-6480(92)90228-c
更新日期：1992-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the genetic sex determination of vertebrates, the gonadal sex depends on the combination of sex chromosomes that a zygote possesses. Despite the discovery of the sex-determining gene (SRY/Sry) in mammals in 1990s, the sex-determining gene in non-mammalian vertebrates remained an enigma for over a decade. In most ma...
journal_title：General and comparative endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ygcen.2015.10.004
更新日期：2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The four-spine sculpin Cottus kazika is a euryhaline teleost, in which faster growth in seawater (SW) and freshwater (FW) has been reported. In this study, cDNA clones encoding growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) were isolated from this species to examine the involvement of the GH/IGF-I axis i...
journal_title：General and comparative endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0016-6480(02)00650-0
更新日期：2003-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Baleen whales are vulnerable to environmental impacts due to low fecundity, capital breeding strategies, and their reliance on a large amount of prey resources over large spatial scales. There has been growing interest in monitoring health and physiological stress in these species but, to date, few measures have been ...
journal_title：General and comparative endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ygcen.2020.113436
更新日期：2020-05-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Intersex is defined as the simultaneous presence of male and female gonadal tissue in a gonochoristic (fixed-sex) species. The intersex condition has been documented in both wild and laboratory animals, including fish, amphibians, and reptiles. In aquatic animals, intersex is often viewed as a signature effect of expo...
journal_title：General and comparative endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ygcen.2013.04.005
更新日期：2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:During normal pupal-adult development, programmed cell death of the prothoracic gland of Manduca sexta proceeds via apoptosis. By employing the DNA laddering technique, the earliest sign of DNA fragmentation in the cells comprising the gland occurred on Day 5 of pupal-adult development and DNA fragmentation peaked 1 d...
journal_title：General and comparative endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/gcen.1997.7022
更新日期：1998-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Glucagon plays a pivotal role in the regulation of metabolism. A glucagon receptor has been previously characterized in the frog, Rana tigrina rugulosa, and the frog and human glucagon receptors have been shown to possess similar binding affinities toward human glucagon. To study the structural evolution of glucagon p...
journal_title：General and comparative endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/gcen.2001.7697
更新日期：2001-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The functional abilities of 9.5-, 10.5-, 11.5-, and 12.5-day-old chick embryos to respond to exogenous thyrotrophin-releasing hormone (TRH) were evaluated by means of changes in plasma total thyroxine (T4). T4 concentrations were determined 3.0, 6.0, 12.0, and 24.0 hr after TRH treatment. The data of the present inves...
journal_title：General and comparative endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0016-6480(84)90112-6
更新日期：1984-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Three experiments were performed to determine the role of juvenile hormone (JH) in worker reproduction in queenless colonies of honey bees. In Experiment 1, egg-laying workers had low hemolymph titers of JH, as did bees engaged in brood care, while foragers had significantly higher titers. Experiment 2 confirmed these...
journal_title：General and comparative endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0016-6480(92)90055-o
更新日期：1992-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Our previous study demonstrated that recombinant goldfish activin B stimulated goldfish FSHbeta but inhibited LHbeta expression. Similar to activin B, activin A also exhibited the inverse effects on the expression of the two gonadotropins. The novel dual effects of activins on FSH and LH in the goldfish raise an inter...
journal_title：General and comparative endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ygcen.2003.08.012
更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:GPCRs are the largest family of receptors accounting for about 30% of the current drug targets. However, it is difficult to fully elucidate the mechanisms regulating intracellular GPCR signal regulation. It is thus important to consider and investigate GPCRs with respect to endogenous situations. Our group has been in...
journal_title：General and comparative endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ygcen.2020.113474
更新日期：2020-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Using purified thyroglobulin (TG) of Rana catesbeiana and its antisera, a specific double-antibody radioimmunoassay (RIA) was developed. Serum TG content was measured in tadpoles, froglets, and adult frogs by RIA. Serum TG increased during pre- and prometamorphosis and reached a peak of 476.9 +/- 29.1 ng/ml at the cli...
journal_title：General and comparative endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/gcen.1994.1061
更新日期：1994-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Our previous research on range-expanding house sparrows in Kenya revealed that (i) range-edge birds released more corticosterone (CORT) in response to a stressor than range-core birds, ii) that range-edge birds were more exploratory than range-core birds, and that (iii) all birds exhibited extensive variation in genom...
journal_title：General and comparative endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ygcen.2018.09.014
更新日期：2018-12-01 00:00:00
