Abstract:
:Iron is an essential biometal in the aqueous humor, the principal source of nutrients for the avascular cornea and the lens. Here, we explored whether the ciliary body (CB), the source of aqueous humor, transports iron, and if the prion protein (PrPC) facilitates this process as in the outer retina. Using a combination of human, bovine, and mouse eyes as models, we report the expression of iron export proteins ferroportin and ceruloplasmin, and major iron uptake and storage proteins transferrin, transferrin receptor, and ferritin in the ciliary epithelium, indicating active exchange of iron at this site. Ferroportin and transferrin receptor are also expressed in the corneal endothelium. However, the relative expression of iron export and uptake proteins suggests export from the ciliary epithelium and import by corneal endothelium. In addition, abundant expression of PrPC, a ferrireductase that facilitates iron transport, is noted in pigmented and non-pigmented epithelium of the CB, posterior pigmented epithelium of the iris, corneal endothelium and epithelium, and lens epithelium. Notably, majority of PrPC in the ciliary epithelium is cleaved at the β-site as in retinal pigment epithelial cells, suggesting a role in iron transport. Most of the PrPC in the cornea, however, is full-length, and susceptible to aggregation by intracerebrally inoculated PrP-scrapie, an infectious conformation of PrPC responsible for human and animal prion disorders. Soluble PrPC is present in the aqueous and vitreous humor, a provocative observation with significant implications. Together, these observations suggest independent cycling of iron in the anterior segment, and a prominent role of PrPC in this process. Aggregation of PrPC in the cornea of PrP-scrapie-infected animals raises the alarming possibility of transmission of animal prions through corneal abrasions.
journal_name
Exp Eye Resjournal_title
Experimental eye researchauthors
Ashok A,Karmakar S,Chandel R,Ravikumar R,Dalal S,Kong Q,Singh Ndoi
10.1016/j.exer.2018.05.031subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2018-10-01 00:00:00pages
1-13eissn
0014-4835issn
1096-0007pii
S0014-4835(18)30152-0journal_volume
175pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Cochlin deposits were observed in the trabecular meshwork (TM) of 8-month-old glaucomatous DBA/2J mice, coincident with the reported onset of increased intraocular pressure and optic nerve damage. An age-dependent increase in cochlin was observed up to 10 months of age and was paralleled by a decrease in type II colla...
journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 信件
doi:10.1016/j.exer.2005.01.028
更新日期:2005-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The signal transduction pathways initiated by Ca(2+)-mobilizing agonists, such as prostaglandin F(2alpha)(PGF(2alpha)) and carbachol (CCh), leading to activation of cytosolic phospholipase A(2)(cPLA(2)) and arachidonic acid (AA) release in a wide variety of tissues remain obscure. To further define the role of protein...
journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/exer.2001.0991
更新日期:2001-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Crystallin-bound non-tryptophan fluorescence and protein cross-linking were studied in chronic galactosemia. Fluorescence (excitation/emission--370/440 nm) was significantly higher in galactosemic rats compared to controls (P less than 0.001). Accumulation of fluorescence was significantly reduced both in water solubl...
journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0014-4835(90)90153-l
更新日期:1990-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is an interleukin 7 (IL-7)-like four helix bundle cytokine that plays diverse roles in the regulation of immune responses. In fungal infection, pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), including the cell surface Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and cytoplasmic NOD-like receptors, recognize p...
journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.exer.2019.02.020
更新日期:2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Research over the past two decades has shown that the growth of young eyes is guided by vision. If near- or far-sightedness is artificially imposed by spectacle lenses, eyes of primates and chicks compensate by changing their rate of elongation, thereby growing back to the pre-lens optical condition. Little is known a...
journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/exer.1999.0813
更新日期:2000-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The suggested common regulator of the eye lens crystallin genes is c-Maf. Maf responsive elements have been detected in a number of crystallin promoters including that of the rat betaB2-crystallin gene. The betaB2-crystallin gene is active in the post-natal lens and its mRNA reaches its maximal level in the rat lens 6...
journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/exer.2001.1077
更新日期:2001-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cultured bovine lens epithelial cells adapt to hypertonic sodium stress via an increase in Na(+)-myo-inositol cotransporter activity and accumulate myo-inositol. At least 12 hr of hypertonic exposure was necessary to enhance myo-inositol accumulation; and thereafter, uptake activity continued to increase throughout th...
journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/exer.1994.1083
更新日期:1994-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The nature of glucose transport at the microvascular blood-retinal barrier was studied using primary cultures of microvascular endothelial cells from bovine retina. Uptake of 3-O-methyl-D-glucose (3MG), a non-metabolizable glucose analogue, was rapid and equilibrative. 3MG uptake could be inhibited by traditional gluc...
journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0014-4835(83)90011-8
更新日期:1983-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The state of water and water fractions in normal and senile cataractous eye lenses was studied by the NMR method. Combining NMR with vacuum dehydration provided additional information on multifractional samples. A new mathematical procedure is presented which separates the characteristic parameters of the different fr...
journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0014-4835(83)90104-5
更新日期:1983-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The present study was designed to investigate the effect of topical erythropoietin on the healing process of induced necrotizing scleritis and to evaluate the ocular side effects of this treatment modality in a rabbit model. Necrotizing scleritis was induced in 8 New Zealand albino rabbits. The animals were then rando...
journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.exer.2019.107898
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) protects the rat retina against the injury that ordinarily follows severe ischemia. We showed previously that release of adenosine and de novo protein synthesis were required for IPC protection. The mechanisms of IPC were studied in the rat retina by examining the signal transduction med...
journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/exer.2000.0843
更新日期:2000-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Jin H. Kinoshita has had a major role in fostering investigations on the molecular biology of the eye during his tenure as Scientific Director of the National Eye Institute (N.E.I.). His appreciation and support of molecular biology have been the basis for many advances in this area in the N.E.I. and have led to a fer...
journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/0014-4835(90)90121-a
更新日期:1990-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The overall importance of the peak or the mean serum concentrations as predictors of ocular drug penetration is unknown. To address this fundamental question with an agent which shows promise as adjunctive therapy in the treatment of endophthalmitis, we studied the penetration of ciprofloxacin into the aqueous and vit...
journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/exer.1996.0101
更新日期:1996-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Retinitis Pigmentosa (RP) is an inherited disorder that may lead to blindness. In the rhodopsin S334ter-line-3 rat model of RP, the death of rods induces spatial rearrangement of cones into regular ring mosaics. Using this model, we discovered that the ring mosaics are restored to a homogeneous distribution upon appli...
journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.exer.2015.08.005
更新日期:2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::A prior study found that inhibition of nitric oxide synthase with L-NAME causes a large, rapid decrease in IOP in anesthetized rabbits. In this follow-up study we sought to determine if this hypotensive effect was due to decreased aqueous production, possibly caused by ciliary vasoconstriction. Two protocols were perf...
journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/exer.2001.1050
更新日期:2001-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The similarities between glaucoma and mitochondrial optic neuropathies have driven a growing interest in exploring mitochondrial function in glaucoma. The specific loss of retinal ganglion cells is a common feature of mitochondrial diseases - not only the classic mitochondrial optic neuropathies of Leber's Hereditary ...
journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.exer.2010.07.015
更新日期:2011-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Indirect traumatic optic neuropathy (ITON) is a major cause of permanent loss of vision after blunt head trauma. Neuroinflammation plays a crucial role in neurodegenerative diseases. The present study concentrated on JNK/c-Jun-driven NLRP3 inflammasome activation in microglia during the degeneration of retin...
journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.exer.2020.108335
更新日期:2021-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two low-Ca2+-requiring proteases (calpain I) and one high-Ca2+-requiring protease (calpain II) have been separated from the cytosol of rat retina by DEAE-cellulose column chromatography. Calpain I was half-maximally activated at 3 microM free Ca2+ and fully activated at 10 microM free Ca2+. Half-maximal activation of ...
journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0014-4835(85)90098-3
更新日期:1985-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Previous studies in the laboratory have shown that platelet-activating factor (PAF), a potent inflammatory mediator that accumulates rapidly in the cornea after an injury, stimulates the expression of urokinase (uPA) and matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) and -9 (MMP-9). Tissue inhibitors of MMPs (TIMPs) and plasminog...
journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/exer.2001.1135
更新日期:2002-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::In retinal degenerative disease (RD), the diminished light signal from dying photoreceptors has been considered the sole cause of visual impairment. Recent studies show a 10-fold increase in spontaneous activity in the RD network, challenging this paradigm. This aberrant activity forms a new barrier for the light sign...
journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.exer.2015.05.013
更新日期:2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effect of dietary supplementation with acetylsalicylic acid on the increased modification, and susceptibility to modification, of lens crystallins from the streptozocin diabetic rat, has been determined. This was done by the measurement of characteristic markers of protein post-translational oxidative modification...
journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/exer.1993.1186
更新日期:1993-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Iris pigment epithelial (IPE) cells from the anterior segment in the eye are able to suppress activation of bystander responder T cells in vitro. The cultured IPE cells fully suppress proliferation and cytokine production by responder T cells via direct cell-to-cell contact. We have now investigated whether primary cu...
journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.exer.2009.01.011
更新日期:2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::In order to study acute retinal toxicity of intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide (TA) at high doses in an animal model, thirty New Zealand albino rabbits were injected with intravitreal TA. The animals were divided in five groups: Group 1 received an intravitreal injection of 0.1 mL balanced salt solution; Group 2, 0....
journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.exer.2006.10.006
更新日期:2007-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study was conducted to compare the effects of two anti-VEGF-A drugs, Ranibizumab and Aflibercept, on the expression and secretion of VEGFs family members, and on their influence in proliferation and migration of endothelial cells (HECV) in vitro. HECV cells were exposed 24 h (T1), 4 days (T2) and 6 days (T3) to R...
journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.exer.2015.12.014
更新日期:2016-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Intraocular pressure (IOP) is an important risk factor for glaucoma, and the response of the ONH and surrounding tissues to elevated IOP are often investigated to better understand pathophysiology. In vivo structure including that of the optic nerve head (ONH) and surrounding tissue of the eye are often assessed using...
journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.exer.2018.01.025
更新日期:2018-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::An experimental study was conducted on eight litters of newborn rats to evaluate the effects of supplemental oxygen administration on the retinal vasculature. The animals and their mothers were kept inside a pressure chamber and treated for the first 5 days of life. On the sixth day, they were removed and kept for fiv...
journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0014-4835(87)80179-3
更新日期:1987-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Lack of an optimal in vitro model of human corneal epithelial (HCE) cells is a major limitation in studying normal functions and gene regulations in HCE. Moreover, availability of a multi-layered HCE culture can reduce the usage of animals in the toxicity testing of consumer products. We have developed tetracycline-re...
journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0014-4835(03)00175-1
更新日期:2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::This is a brief overview of multifaceted anatomical, experimental and clinical studies conducted by the author since 1955 on the optic nerve head circulation in health and disease. Conclusions, based on the accumulated information provided by these studies, are summarized. The studies on the pattern of blood supply of...
journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0014-4835(05)80121-6
更新日期:1995-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Epidermal growth factor (EGF) previously has been shown to stimulate short-term survival in vitro of cells derived from the native amphibian retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). In the present experiments, we have examined intracellular signaling pathways responsible for mediating these survival-specific growth factor ef...
journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.exer.2004.02.017
更新日期:2004-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study was designed to determine the safety and efficacy of transferrin-ricin A chain toxin (Tfr-rRA) at preventing retinal detachment in a rabbit model of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). The toxicity of intravitreal Tfr-rRA (1000-5000 ng) was determined by indirect ophthalmoscopy and electroretinography on...
journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/exer.1996.0079
更新日期:1996-06-01 00:00:00