Abstract:
:This is a brief overview of multifaceted anatomical, experimental and clinical studies conducted by the author since 1955 on the optic nerve head circulation in health and disease. Conclusions, based on the accumulated information provided by these studies, are summarized. The studies on the pattern of blood supply of the optic nerve head have shown that: (a) its main source of blood supply is the posterior ciliary artery circulation, with retinal circulation supplying only the surface nerve fiber layer, (b) there is marked interindividual variation in the blood supply pattern, and (c) the blood supply in the optic nerve head has a sectorial distribution. The various factors which produce interindividual variation in the blood supply of the optic nerve head are discussed, particularly those in the posterior ciliary artery circulation; this is because all available evidence indicates that it is derangement in the posterior ciliary circulation in the optic nerve head that is primarily responsible for the common ischemic disorders of the optic nerve head, e.g. anterior ischemic optic neuropathy and glaucomatous optic neuropathy. Factors that may derange the blood flow in the optic nerve head include defective autoregulation of blood flow in it, vascular changes in its feeding arteries, hematologic abnormalities, systemic arterial hypertension and hypotension, and intraocular pressure; their roles are discussed. For better understanding and management of optic nerve head ischemic disorders, there is an urgent need for an accurate clinical method of assessment of blood flow in the posterior ciliary circulation in optic nerve head, since no satisfactory method is currently available. Redness or pallor of the optic disk on ophthalmoscopy is not a true guide to the optic nerve head vascularity as it gives no information about the state of the posterior ciliary circulation. Fluorescein fundus angiography, though far superior to the optic disk color for evaluation of optic nerve head vascularity, has a number of limitations. All these topics and various controversies about them are discussed briefly.
journal_name
Exp Eye Resjournal_title
Experimental eye researchauthors
Hayreh SSdoi
10.1016/s0014-4835(05)80121-6subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1995-09-01 00:00:00pages
259-72issue
3eissn
0014-4835issn
1096-0007journal_volume
61pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::We designed an experiment to study the role of light history and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) on the susceptibility of the albino rat retina to light damage. Albino rats were born to dams that had been kept in either 1 lx or 250 lx cyclic light for 0-4 days prior to delivery and fed one of three diets containing...
journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0014-4835(05)80112-5
更新日期:1995-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:The feasibility of corneal reconstruction with cultured adult human corneal endothelial cells (HCEC) was examined in a nude rat model. METHODS:Endothelial cells were removed from the corneas of Lewis rats using a sterile cotton swab. Cultured adult HCEC labelled with a fluorescent marker chloromethyl-benzamido...
journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.exer.2004.05.001
更新日期:2004-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Basement membranes isolated from the entire neural retinae of normal cows consist of a heterogeneous mixture of polypeptides resolvable as two major populations, one collagenous and the other non-collagenous. The non-collagenous population consists of disulfide-bonded aggregates of which the major fraction is soluble ...
journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0014-4835(83)90010-6
更新日期:1983-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Utilizing a human beta-actin promoter, a catalase cDNA expression vector was constructed. This construct was used to transfect two immortal cell lines, mouse alpha TN4-1 and rabbit N/N 1003A. The catalase activity was increased about 3.4 fold in the alpha TN4-1 cells and 38 fold in the N/N 1003A cells. Some changes in...
journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/exer.1998.0560
更新日期:1998-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::This review describes our recent attempts to develop new therapeutic modalities for corneal endothelial disease using animal models including non-human primate model in which the proliferative ability of corneal endothelial cells is severely limited, as is the case in humans. First, we describe our attempt to develop ...
journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.exer.2011.10.014
更新日期:2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::miRs play critical roles in oxidative stress-related retinopathy pathogenesis. miR-365 was identified in a previously constructed library from glyoxal-treated rat Müller cell. This report explores epigenetic alterations in Müller cells under oxidative stress to develop a novel therapeutic strategy. To examine the miR-...
journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.exer.2017.11.006
更新日期:2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::A HPLC method for determination of ascorbic acid and dehydroascorbic acid in plasma and aqueous and vitreous humors of rabbits is described. Values for total ascorbic acid concentration found in this study are in agreement with those of previous investigators. Endotoxin-induced ocular inflammation caused a decrease in...
journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0014-4835(85)80019-1
更新日期:1985-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Glaucoma is a leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. Lowering intraocular pressure (IOP) is the only strategy documented to delay the appearance and retard the progression of vision loss. One major approach for lowering IOP is to slow the rate of aqueous humor formation by the ciliary epithelium. As discus...
journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.exer.2008.11.005
更新日期:2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Reactive astrocytes in glaucomatous optic nerve changes are characterized by an increased expression of alphaB-crystallin and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta). In the pathogenesis of glaucomatous optic nerve damage, ischemia/reperfusion injury may play an important role. The goal of the present study was to ...
journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.exer.2006.12.008
更新日期:2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Aldose reductase (AR) is implicated in some of the disabling complications of diabetes, including neuropathy, retinopathy and cataracts. Our studies are aimed at further clarifying the role of AR in diabetes and facilitating the design of new classes of potent, specific AR inhibitors by gaining an understanding of the...
journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0014-4835(89)90048-1
更新日期:1989-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Whole mounts of lens epithelia from rats fed on a galactose-rich diet for one, two, three or seven days were examined for morphological alterations. The meridional rows of epithelia from lenses of animals fed on galactose for seven days were found to be grossly disorganized or abnormally elongated. There was some indi...
journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0014-4835(84)90183-0
更新日期:1984-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The objective of the study was to investigate the effects of baicalin, baicalein, and wogonin (plant flavonoids) on interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) protein production, mRNA expression, and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) binding activities induced by interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) in human retinal pigmen...
journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0014-4835(03)00116-7
更新日期:2003-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Prolyl oligopeptidase (EC 3.4.21.26) has been purified 26,000-fold from bovine lens tissue by anion-exchange chromatography, gel filtration and isoelectric focussing, with an overall yield of 11%. The purified enzyme exhibited an isoelectric point of 4.8, a pH optimum of 7.5 and a molecular mass of 72 kDa under both n...
journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/exer.1994.1086
更新日期:1994-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Both in vivo and in vitro models were employed in the present study to assess the relative contribution of osmotic stress and increasing calcium levels to the development of sugar cataracts. In galactose cataract obtained from galactosemic weanling rats, the concentration of total calcium increased by nearly 10% at th...
journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/exer.1998.0486
更新日期:1998-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::We aim to determine whether lymphatic drainage from the eye changes with age. Using quantitative photoacoustic tomography, groups of young and older mice were studied in the live state. 10 CD-1 mice of 2-3 months (5M/5F) were studied in addition to 13 older mice of 12-13 months (6M/7F). In each of 23 mice, near-infrar...
journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.exer.2020.108029
更新日期:2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The suitability of the rat derived SV-40T immortalized RPE-J cell line for identifying proteome changes associated with RPE differentiation was evaluated by surveying changes in protein expression levels. Rat RPE-J cells were induced to undergo differentiation in culture by growth at the nonpermissive temperature of 4...
journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/exer.2001.1058
更新日期:2001-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mice are now routinely utilized in studies of aqueous humor outflow dynamics. In particular, conventional aqueous outflow facility (C) is routinely measured via perfusion of the aqueous chamber by a number of laboratories. However, in mouse eyes perfused ex-vivo, values for C are variable depending upon whether the pe...
journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.exer.2017.08.011
更新日期:2017-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::As a result of longitudinal chromatic aberration (LCA), longer wavelengths are blurred when shorter wavelengths are in focus, and vice versa. As a result, LCA affects the color and temporal aspects of the retinal image with hyperopic defocus. In this experiment, we investigated how the sensitivity to temporal color co...
journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.exer.2020.108331
更新日期:2021-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sugar alcohols have been reported to accumulate in retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) of diabetic animals. This finding has raised interest in the role of RPE in diabetes-associated retinal changes such as cystoid macular edema. To confirm the presence of aldose reductase in this tissue, the NADPH-dependent enzyme was p...
journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/exer.1993.1119
更新日期:1993-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The biomechanical environment within the eye is of interest in both the regulation of intraocular pressure and the loss of retinal ganglion cell axons in glaucomatous optic neuropathy. Unfortunately, this environment is complex and difficult to determine. Here we provide a brief introduction to basic concepts of mecha...
journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.exer.2015.05.024
更新日期:2015-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Conjunctival impression cytology samples from patients with meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD), dry eye (DE), and healthy subjects (CT) were collected for determination of the degree of squamous metaplasia (SM) by PAS-hematoxylin staining and for comparative proteomic analyses by 2D-DIGE. The protein spots with discrim...
journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.exer.2017.03.006
更新日期:2018-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Myofibroblast development and haze generation in the corneal stroma is mediated by cytokines, including transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), and possibly other cytokines. This study examined the effects of stromal PDGF-beta blockade on the development of myofibroblasts in response to -9.0 diopter photorefractiv...
journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.exer.2008.12.006
更新日期:2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The retinal pigment epithelium is a transporting epithelium that helps regulate the volume and composition of the subretinal space surrounding photoreceptor outer segments. The capacity of the RPE to actively transport Na+ and K+ between the retina and the blood supply depends on the localization of the Na+, K(+)-ATPa...
journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/exer.1994.1144
更新日期:1994-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::In order to determine whether neuronal cell death in the retina accompanies senescence, retinas from pigmented ACI rats of various ages were analysed for changes in dimensions, cell densities, DNA content, and rhodopsin levels. Between the ages of 4 and 30 months, there were significant declines in the densities of nu...
journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0014-4835(86)90022-9
更新日期:1986-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The function of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is to terminate the action of acetylcholine at the cholinergic synapse. Recent evidence suggests additional roles for acetylcholinesterase as a peptidase and/or a protease which is expressed by growing neurites as part of their invasion of developing neural structures. We re...
journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0014-4835(95)80001-8
更新日期:1995-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::In order to study acute retinal toxicity of intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide (TA) at high doses in an animal model, thirty New Zealand albino rabbits were injected with intravitreal TA. The animals were divided in five groups: Group 1 received an intravitreal injection of 0.1 mL balanced salt solution; Group 2, 0....
journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.exer.2006.10.006
更新日期:2007-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Diabetic retinopathy shares many characteristics features of a low grade chronic inflammatory disease. Its progression resists arrest when good metabolic control is re-established after a period of poor metabolic control, suggesting a 'metabolic memory' phenomenon. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of...
journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.exer.2010.02.006
更新日期:2010-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment is by far the most common indication for retinal surgery and a major cause of severe vision loss. Increased levels of glutamate found in the vitreous of human patients and persistent remodeling, even after reattachment, suggest substantial neurochemical, functional and anatomical chan...
journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.exer.2012.02.009
更新日期:2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The transmembrane glycoprotein CD44 is a cell adhesion molecule which has recently been localized in a variety of cell types. It mediates cell attachment to extracellular matrix components and also binds to the actin cytoskeleton within the cell. In this study, the presence and distribution of CD44 in the mouse retina...
journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/exer.1994.1026
更新日期:1994-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::In response to injury, the adult mammalian retina shows signs of structural remodeling, possibly in an attempt to preserve or regain some of its functional neural connections. In order to study the mechanisms involved in injury-induced plasticity, we have studied changes in growth associated protein 43 (GAP-43) after ...
journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.exer.2007.01.006
更新日期:2007-05-01 00:00:00