Integration of speed and time for estimating time to contact.

abstract：:The majority of outer membrane proteins (OMPs) from gram-negative bacteria and many of mitochondria and chloroplasts are β-barrels. Insertion and assembly of these proteins are catalyzed by the Omp85 protein family in a seemingly conserved process. All members of this family exhibit a characteristic N-terminal polypep...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Sommer MS,Daum B,Gross LE,Weis BL,Mirus O,Abram L,Maier UG,Kühlbrandt W,Schleiff E

更新日期：2011-08-16 00:00:00

abstract：:The neuronal isoform of nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) is highly expressed in mammalian skeletal muscle, but its functional role has not been defined. NO has been implicated in the local metabolic regulation of blood flow in contracting skeletal muscle in part by antagonizing sympathetic vasoconstriction. We therefore h...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Thomas GD,Sander M,Lau KS,Huang PL,Stull JT,Victor RG

更新日期：1998-12-08 00:00:00

abstract：:Many important hominid-bearing fossil localities in East Africa are in regions that are extremely hot and dry. Although humans are well adapted to such conditions, it has been inferred that East African environments were cooler or more wooded during the Pliocene and Pleistocene when this region was a central stage of ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Passey BH,Levin NE,Cerling TE,Brown FH,Eiler JM

更新日期：2010-06-22 00:00:00

abstract：:Conflicts of interest between the community and its members are at the core of human social dilemmas. If observed selfishness has future costs, individuals may hide selfish acts but display altruistic ones, and peers aim at identifying the most selfish persons to avoid them as future social partners. An interaction in...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Rockenbach B,Milinski M

更新日期：2011-11-08 00:00:00

abstract：:Brief visual experience causes rapid physiological changes in the visual cortex during early postnatal development. A possible mediator of these effects is the immediate early genes whose protein products are involved in the rapid response of neurons to transsynaptic stimulation. Here we report evidence that the level...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Rosen KM,McCormack MA,Villa-Komaroff L,Mower GD

更新日期：1992-06-15 00:00:00

abstract：:RNA interference (RNAi) is being used to develop methods to control pests and disease vectors. RNAi is robust and systemic in coleopteran insects but is quite variable in other insects. The determinants of efficient RNAi in coleopterans, as well as its potential mechanisms of resistance, are not known. RNAi screen ide...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Yoon JS,Mogilicherla K,Gurusamy D,Chen X,Chereddy SCRR,Palli SR

更新日期：2018-08-14 00:00:00

abstract：:N-type Ca2+ channels mediate Ca2+ influx, which initiates fast exocytosis of neurotransmitters at synapses, and they interact directly with the SNARE proteins syntaxin and SNAP-25 (synaptosome-associated protein of 25 kDa) through a synaptic protein interaction (synprint) site in the intracellular loop connecting doma...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Sheng ZH,Yokoyama CT,Catterall WA

更新日期：1997-05-13 00:00:00

abstract：:Seed germination is regulated by endogenous hormonal cues and external environmental stimuli such as water, low temperature, and light. After germination, the young seedling must rapidly establish its root system and the photoautotrophic capability appropriate to its surrounding environment. Light and the phytohormone...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Chen H,Zhang J,Neff MM,Hong SW,Zhang H,Deng XW,Xiong L

更新日期：2008-03-18 00:00:00

abstract：:The fusiform face area (FFA) is a region of human cortex that responds selectively to faces, but whether it supports a more general function relevant for perceptual expertise is debated. Although both faces and objects of expertise engage many brain areas, the FFA remains the focus of the strongest modular claims and ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： McGugin RW,Gatenby JC,Gore JC,Gauthier I

更新日期：2012-10-16 00:00:00

abstract：:G-protein metallochaperones ensure fidelity during cofactor assembly for a variety of metalloproteins, including adenosylcobalamin (AdoCbl)-dependent methylmalonyl-CoA mutase and hydrogenase, and thus have both medical and biofuel development applications. Here, we present crystal structures of IcmF, a natural fusion ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Jost M,Cracan V,Hubbard PA,Banerjee R,Drennan CL

更新日期：2015-02-24 00:00:00

abstract：:Gut microbial composition depends on different dietary habits just as health depends on microbial metabolism, but the association of microbiota with different diets in human populations has not yet been shown. In this work, we compared the fecal microbiota of European children (EU) and that of children from a rural Af...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： De Filippo C,Cavalieri D,Di Paola M,Ramazzotti M,Poullet JB,Massart S,Collini S,Pieraccini G,Lionetti P

更新日期：2010-08-17 00:00:00

abstract：:Micro-RNAs (miR genes) are a large family of highly conserved noncoding genes thought to be involved in temporal and tissue-specific gene regulation. MiRs are transcribed as short hairpin precursors ( approximately 70 nt) and are processed into active 21- to 22-nt RNAs by Dicer, a ribonuclease that recognizes target m...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Calin GA,Dumitru CD,Shimizu M,Bichi R,Zupo S,Noch E,Aldler H,Rattan S,Keating M,Rai K,Rassenti L,Kipps T,Negrini M,Bullrich F,Croce CM

更新日期：2002-11-26 00:00:00

abstract：:Cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) are a highly tumorigenic cell type present as a minority population in developmentally diverse tumors and cell lines. Using a genetic screen in an inducible model of CSC formation in a breast cell line, we identify microRNAs (miRNAs) that inhibit CSC growth and are down-regulated in CSCs....

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Polytarchou C,Iliopoulos D,Struhl K

更新日期：2012-09-04 00:00:00

abstract：:Estimates of 21st Century global-mean surface temperature increase have generally been based on scenarios that do not include climate policies. Newly developed multigas mitigation scenarios, based on a wide range of modeling approaches and socioeconomic assumptions, now allow the assessment of possible impacts of clim...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Van Vuuren DP,Meinshausen M,Plattner GK,Joos F,Strassmann KM,Smith SJ,Wigley TM,Raper SC,Riahi K,de la Chesnaye F,den Elzen MG,Fujino J,Jiang K,Nakicenovic N,Paltsev S,Reilly JM

更新日期：2008-10-07 00:00:00

abstract：:Opioid receptors are differentially coupled to ion channels. Mu- and delta-opioid receptors are coupled to calcium- and/or voltage-dependent potassium channels and kappa-opioid receptors are coupled to voltage-dependent calcium channels. Using the single-electrode voltage-clamp technique, we investigated the effect of...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Gross RA,Macdonald RL

更新日期：1987-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The embryonic neuroepithelium gives rise to the components of the central nervous system in the mature animal. To study the early development of the murine central nervous system we have sought to isolate growth factor receptors from the neuroepithelium of the neural tube of 10-day-old mouse embryos. Because many grow...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Reid HH,Wilks AF,Bernard O

更新日期：1990-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Under a stretching force, the sugar ring of polysaccharide molecules switches from the chair to the boat-like or inverted chair conformation. This conformational change can be observed by stretching single polysaccharide molecules with an atomic force microscope. In those early experiments, the molecules were stretche...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Marszalek PE,Li H,Oberhauser AF,Fernandez JM

更新日期：2002-04-02 00:00:00

abstract：:Overexpression of the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) erbB2 (also designated neu or HER2) was implicated in causing a variety of human cancers, including mammary and ovarian carcinomas. Ligand-induced receptor dimerization is critical for stimulation of the intrinsic protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) of RTKs. It was theref...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Fleishman SJ,Schlessinger J,Ben-Tal N

更新日期：2002-12-10 00:00:00

abstract：:The derivation of germ-line competent avian primordial germ cells establishes a cell-based model system for the investigation of germ cell differentiation and the production of genetically modified animals. Current methods to modify primordial germ cells using DNA or retroviral vectors are inefficient and prone to epi...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Macdonald J,Taylor L,Sherman A,Kawakami K,Takahashi Y,Sang HM,McGrew MJ

更新日期：2012-06-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Many methods have been developed to search for homologous members of a protein family in databases, and the reliability of results and conclusions may be compromised if only one method is used, neglecting the others. Here we introduce a general scheme for combining such methods. Based on this scheme, we implemented a ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Alam I,Dress A,Rehmsmeier M,Fuellen G

更新日期：2004-09-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157 is one of the leading worldwide public health concerns, causing large outbreaks of hemorrhagic colitis as well as numerous small outbreaks and sporadic cases. The variability of restriction enzyme-digestion patterns of O157 genomes, which is widely used to distinguish strains in...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ohnishi M,Terajima J,Kurokawa K,Nakayama K,Murata T,Tamura K,Ogura Y,Watanabe H,Hayashi T

更新日期：2002-12-24 00:00:00

abstract：:A single mutation altering the transmembrane domain of the receptor-like p185 protein encoded by the rat neu gene converts the normal neu gene into a potent oncogene. The biochemical consequences of this mutation were studied by examining phosphorylation of the normal and transforming p185 molecules in membrane prepar...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bargmann CI,Weinberg RA

更新日期：1988-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The tremendous pandemic potential of coronaviruses was demonstrated twice in the past few decades by two global outbreaks of deadly pneumonia. The coronavirus spike (S) glycoprotein initiates infection by promoting fusion of the viral and cellular membranes through conformational changes that remain largely uncharacte...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Walls AC,Tortorici MA,Snijder J,Xiong X,Bosch BJ,Rey FA,Veesler D

更新日期：2017-10-17 00:00:00

abstract：:A recombinant plasmid containing sequences complementary to human pro-alpha l(I) collagen mRNA was used for the chromosomal assignment of the pro-alpha l(I) collagen gene. Restriction endonuclease analysis of DNA from mouse-human and Chinese hamster-human somatic cell hybrids revealed cosegregation with human chromoso...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Huerre C,Junien C,Weil D,Chu ML,Morabito M,Van Cong N,Myers JC,Foubert C,Gross MS,Prockop DJ,Boué A,Kaplan JC,de la Chapelle A,Ramirez F

更新日期：1982-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Selective culling in populations of most organisms is rank-order: individuals of low rank on a scale of potential fitnesses tend to be eliminated during early development, whereas surviving adults (whose number reflects the carrying capacity of the environment) are generally drawn from the distribution's upper end. Ha...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wallace B

更新日期：1989-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Arrestins are regulatory molecules for G-protein coupled receptor function. In visual rhodopsin, selective binding of arrestin to the cytoplasmic side of light-activated, phosphorylated rhodopsin (P-Rh*) terminates signaling via the G-protein transducin. While the "phosphate-sensor" of arrestin for the recognition of ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kirchberg K,Kim TY,Möller M,Skegro D,Dasara Raju G,Granzin J,Büldt G,Schlesinger R,Alexiev U

更新日期：2011-11-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Population expansion in space, or range expansion, is widespread in nature and in clinical settings. Space competition among heterogeneous subpopulations during range expansion is essential to population ecology, and it may involve the interplay of multiple factors, primarily growth and motility of individuals. Struct...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Zuo W,Wu Y

更新日期：2020-03-03 00:00:00

abstract：:Myosin X (MyoX), encoded by Myo10, is a representative member of the MyTH4-FERM domain-containing myosins, and this family of unconventional myosins shares common functions in promoting formation of filopodia/stereocilia structures in many cell types with unknown mechanisms. Here, we present the structure of the MyoX ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wei Z,Yan J,Lu Q,Pan L,Zhang M

更新日期：2011-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Functional activity of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors requires both glutamate binding and the binding of an endogenous coagonist that has been presumed to be glycine, although D-serine is a more potent agonist. Localizations of D-serine and it biosynthetic enzyme serine racemase approximate the distribution of ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Mothet JP,Parent AT,Wolosker H,Brady RO Jr,Linden DJ,Ferris CD,Rogawski MA,Snyder SH

更新日期：2000-04-25 00:00:00

abstract：:The gene encoding human plakoglobin was mapped to chromosome 17q12-q22. An intragenic restriction fragment length polymorphism was used to localize the plakoglobin gene distal to locus KRT10 and proximal to the marker D17S858. The plakoglobin gene colocalizes with the polymorphic 17q21 marker UM8 on the same cosmid in...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Aberle H,Bierkamp C,Torchard D,Serova O,Wagner T,Natt E,Wirsching J,Heidkämper C,Montagna M,Lynch HT

更新日期：1995-07-03 00:00:00