Abstract：
:Gastrointestinal (GI) nematodes are a group of successful multicellular parasites that have evolved to coexist within the intestinal niche of multiple species. It is estimated that over 10% of the world's population are chronically infected by GI nematodes, making this group of parasitic nematodes a major burden to global health. Despite the large number of affected individuals, there are few effective treatments to eradicate these infections. Research into GI nematode infections has primarily focused on defining the immunological and pathological consequences on host protection. One important but neglected aspect of host protection is mucus, and the concept that mucus is just a simple barrier is no longer tenable. In fact, mucus is a highly regulated and dynamic-secreted matrix, underpinned by a physical hydrated network of highly glycosylated mucins, which is increasingly recognized to have a key protective role against GI nematode infections. Unravelling the complex interplay between mucins, the underlying epithelium and immune cells during infection are a major challenge and are required to fully define the protective role of the mucus barrier. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge on mucins and the mucus barrier during GI nematode infections, with particular focus on murine models of infection.
journal_name
Parasite Immunoljournal_title
Parasite immunologyauthors
Sharpe C,Thornton DJ,Grencis RKdoi
10.1111/pim.12517subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2018-04-01 00:00:00pages
e12517issue
4eissn
0141-9838issn
1365-3024journal_volume
40pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Naturally acquired humoral immune responses to Pfs16, an integral membrane protein expressed in Plasmodium falciparum gametocytes and sporozoites, were investigated in The Gambia. A high prevalence of antibodies to this molecule was detected by peptide ELISA. Ninety-three per cent of the people taking part in a survey...
journal_title：Parasite immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1365-3024.1996.d01-17.x
更新日期：1996-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Male B10 X 129 (10M) ScSn mice were relatively resistant to cutaneous leishmaniasis, while females frequently developed non-healing expanding ulcers, leading to loss of infected extremities, metastasis to distal skin sites, and in some animals, death. Anti-leishmanial antibody titers were higher, and delayed-type hype...
journal_title：Parasite immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-3024.1986.tb00831.x
更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effect of Toxocara (T.) canis antigen (TcAg) on lymphocytes was studied in vitro using normal murine spleen cells and human peripheral blood lymphocytes. TcAg prepared from adult worms stimulated murine spleen cells to proliferate at concentrations of 1-125 micrograms/ml. The responder cells TcAg are B cells, beca...
journal_title：Parasite immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-3024.1995.tb01006.x
更新日期：1995-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In order to characterize immunodominant components of T. spiralis a workshop was organized. In this the reactivity of monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies, provided by different research groups, towards total extracts from adult, new born larvae and muscle larvae as well as to excretory/secretory components of muscle ...
journal_title：Parasite immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1046/j.1365-3024.1996.d01-103.x
更新日期：1996-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We investigated the immune effector mechanisms that underlie protection against F. hepatica in the gut wall of immune rats, using (immuno)histochemistry. In the lamina propria of immune Wistar rats, four weeks after oral infection, frequencies of IgE-positive cells, eosinophils and mucosal mast cells were significantl...
journal_title：Parasite immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1365-3024.1998.00144.x
更新日期：1998-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:An essential element for continuing transmission of Plasmodium falciparum is the availability of mature gametocytes in human peripheral circulation for uptake by mosquitoes. Natural immune responses to circulating gametocytes may play a role in reducing transmission from humans to mosquitoes. Here, antibody recognitio...
journal_title：Parasite immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/pim.12323
更新日期：2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The role of the spleen in amoebic infection was examined in mice, using strains selected as being either genetically-susceptible (C57BL/6) or genetically-resistant (A/J) to amoebiasis. Splenectomized and sham-operated animals were inoculated intracaecally with 2.5 X 10(5) polyxenic trophozoites of E. histolytica at 6,...
journal_title：Parasite immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-3024.1985.tb00093.x
更新日期：1985-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Host cell death induced by Entamoeba histolytica is an important mechanism for both host defence and microbial immune evasion during human amoebiasis. However, the signalling pathways underlying cell death induced by E. histolytica are not fully understood. This study investigated the involvement of the protein tyrosi...
journal_title：Parasite immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-3024.2009.01175.x
更新日期：2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Modulation of macrophage/dendritic cell (DC) cytokine production by the filarial nematode phosphorylcholine (PC)-containing product, ES-62, is mediated by Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 and signal transduction depends on the TLR adaptor MyD88. Intriguingly, comparison of TLR4 knock-out (ko) mice with TLR4 mutant C3H/HeJ m...
journal_title：Parasite immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-3024.2006.00926.x
更新日期：2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Leishmania enter macrophages through receptor-mediated phagocytosis and survive the harsh environment of a phagolysosome. Here, we investigated the interaction between mannose receptor (MR), Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), and Leishmania, and the subsequent impact on phagosome maturation. Leishmania parasites are able to...
journal_title：Parasite immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/pim.12521
更新日期：2018-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The carrier effect, using TNP-labelled schistosomula was used to measure the helper T-cell activity against the schistosomula surface in CBA mice exposed to 30 cercariae of Schistosoma mansoni. After infection the helper T-cell activity reached a peak in 8--10 days, but by 6 weeks it had declined to background levels....
journal_title：Parasite immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-3024.1981.tb00401.x
更新日期：1981-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The present study was designed to investigate the role of neutrophils during the development of Schistosoma japonicum egg granulomas, in C57BL/6 and CBA mice. Laid eggs were implanted into the liver and monoclonal antibody, RB6-8C5, was used to eliminate neutrophils. After daily antibody treatment between days 9 and 1...
journal_title：Parasite immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1365-3024.2002.00491.x
更新日期：2002-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Trypanosoma congolense is one of the main species responsible for Animal African Trypanosomosis (AAT). As preventive vaccination strategies for AAT have been unsuccessful so far, investigating the mechanisms underlying vaccine failure has to be prioritized. In T. brucei and T. vivax infections, recent studies revealed...
journal_title：Parasite immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/pim.12099
更新日期：2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have characterized various anti-schistosomular surface MoAbs previously shown to partially block in-vitro killing of schistosomula by human sera and eosinophils (Dunne et al. 1987). Immunodiffusion analysis showed that four IgM and one IgG3 MoAbs recognized periodate sensitive epitopes on the same molecular species...
journal_title：Parasite immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-3024.1988.tb00211.x
更新日期：1988-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease transmitted by the bite of Leishmania-infected sand flies. Here we show for the first time the ability of Maxadilan (Max), a vasodilatory peptide isolated from the sand fly Lutzomyia longipalpis, and salivary gland lysate (SGL) from Phlebotomus papatasi to decrease the secretion of...
journal_title：Parasite immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1365-3024.2003.00623.x
更新日期：2003-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Factors governing the sensitization or desensitization of basophils and mast cells are discussed. Mathematical models are proposed which illustrate the effects of rising or falling specific or non-specific IgE titres on the tendency of these cells to degranulate. The models presented are consistent with the hypothesis...
journal_title：Parasite immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-3024.1981.tb00394.x
更新日期：1981-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Toxoplasma gondii is a highly successful parasite that can manipulate host immune responses to optimize its persistence and spread. As a result, a highly complex relationship exists between T. gondii and the immune system of the host. Advances in imaging techniques, and in particular, the application of two-photon mic...
journal_title：Parasite immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/pim.12161
更新日期：2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The development of a malaria vaccine is a priority for improved and sustained malaria control. Optimal use of a vaccine in Africa will only be achieved if it can be delivered through the Expanded Programme of Immunization (EPI). We have completed a trial of the peptide vaccine SPf66 in Tanzanian infants, given alongsi...
journal_title：Parasite immunology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1046/j.1365-3024.2000.00322.x
更新日期：2000-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Plasma from chronic or advanced hepatosplenic schistosomiasis (mansoni) patients (PCS) suppressed mitogen-induced responses of normal human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. 1 x 10(5) Ficoll-Hypaque isolated lymphocytes were cultured in 100 microliter RPMI 1640 media with 100 microliter plasma preparation and stimul...
journal_title：Parasite immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-3024.1982.tb00439.x
更新日期：1982-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The immunological basis of resistance to Brugia pahangi infection in rats was studied. Infections were investigated in athymic rnu/rnu rats and in rats treated with the immuno-suppressive agents cyclosporin A (CsA) or cyclophosphamide (Cy). The recovery of adult worms in normal rats was 1-2% in comparison to 12.2% rec...
journal_title：Parasite immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-3024.1992.tb00012.x
更新日期：1992-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Leishmania mexicana is the causal agent of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Mexico. Dendritic cells (DC) are one of the host cells of Leishmania parasites. Intracellular microorganisms inhibit host cell apoptosis as a strategy to ensure their survival in infected cells. We have previously shown that Leishmania mexicana prom...
journal_title：Parasite immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/pim.12275
更新日期：2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：AIMS:Our aim was to investigate the skin-homing T-cell immune responses triggered in patients with Demodex infestation and/or rosacea. METHODS:Collected whole blood samples were divided into four groups: control subjects; nonrosacea patients with Demodex infestation (Demodex group); papulopustular rosacea (PPR) patien...
journal_title：Parasite immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/pim.12658
更新日期：2019-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cryptosporidiosis is a zoonotic protozoan disease that affects the gastrointestinal tract of animals and humans. Diarrhoea as the most important indication of the infection leads to high economic losses in livestock industries and is a life threatening infection in immunocompromised individuals. In the absence of the ...
journal_title：Parasite immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/pim.12317
更新日期：2016-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In schistosomiasis endemic areas, intensities of reinfection after treatment are greater amongst young children than amongst adults, and high levels of parasite-specific IgE are associated with resistance to reinfection in an age-dependent manner. Previously we have reported that, in Western blots, a 22 kDa band was r...
journal_title：Parasite immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1365-3024.1997.d01-186.x
更新日期：1997-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The zoonotic pathogen Toxoplasma gondii infects over 30% of the human population. The intracellular parasite can persist lifelong in the CNS within neurons modifying their function and structure, thus leading to specific behavioural changes of the host. In recent years, several in vitro studies and murine models have ...
journal_title：Parasite immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/pim.12157
更新日期：2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The caecal-dwelling nematode Trichuris muris provides a natural model of human whipworm infection. Resistance to T. muris is dependent on a host Th2 response, and CD4+Th2 cells migrate to the gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) to elicit parasite expulsion. Thus, CD4+T cells infiltrate the caecal lamina propria duri...
journal_title：Parasite immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-3024.2007.01017.x
更新日期：2008-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Phosphorylcholine-bearing component levels in extracts of various parasites were determined by a capillary precipitin test using anti-phosphorylcholine Ig A myeloma protein. TEPC-15. Phosphorylcholine was demonstrated as a structural component not only in nematodes but also in trematodes and cestodes. The phosphorylch...
journal_title：Parasite immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-3024.1983.tb00754.x
更新日期：1983-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ascariasis is the most frequent soil transmitted helminthiasis and, as well as other helminth infections, is expected to influence the clinical presentation of allergic diseases such as asthma. Indeed, several clinical and experimental works have shown an important impact either increasing or suppressing symptoms, and...
journal_title：Parasite immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/pim.12595
更新日期：2019-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The kinetics of macrophage activation were compared among inbred strains of mice (C3H, BALB, B6 and B10.A) that are known to differ in their relative resistance to infections with the myotropic strains (Colombian and CL) of Trypanosoma cruzi. The parameters utilized to measure macrophage activation were rapid spreadin...
journal_title：Parasite immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-3024.1989.tb00675.x
更新日期：1989-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have tested the hypothesis that activation of T cells by exposure to malaria antigens facilitates both de novo HIV infection and viral reactivation and replication. PBMC from malaria-naive HIV-uninfected European donors could be productively infected with HIV following in vitro stimulation with a lysate of Plasmodi...
journal_title：Parasite immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.0141-9838.2004.00701.x
更新日期：2004-05-01 00:00:00
