Abstract:
BACKGROUND:Famous Chinese strong-flavored liquor (CSFL) is brewed by microbial consortia in a special fermentation pit (FT). However, the fermentation process was not fully understood owing to the complicate community structure and metabolism. In this study, the process-related dynamics of microbial communities and main flavor compounds during the 70-day fermentation process were investigated in a simulated fermentation system. RESULTS:A three-phase model was proposed to characterize the process of the CSFL fermentation. (i) In the early fermentation period (1-23 days), glucose was produced from macromolecular carbohydrates (e.g., starch). The prokaryotic diversity decreased significantly. The Lactobacillaceae gradually predominated in the prokaryotic community. In contrast, the eukaryotic diversity rose remarkably in this stage. Thermoascus, Aspergillus, Rhizopus and unidentified Saccharomycetales were dominant eukaryotic members. (ii) In the middle fermentation period (23-48 days), glucose concentration decreased while lactate acid and ethanol increased significantly. Prokaryotic community was almost dominated by the Lactobacillus, while eukaryotic community was mainly comprised of Thermoascus, Emericella and Aspergillus. (iii) In the later fermentation period (48-70 days), the concentrations of ethyl esters, especially ethyl caproate, increased remarkably. CONCLUSIONS:The CSFL fermentation could undergo three stages: saccharification, glycolysis and esterification. Saccharomycetales, Monascus, and Rhizopus were positively correlated to glucose concentration (P < 0.05), highlighting their important roles in the starch saccharification. The Lactobacillaceae, Bacilli, Botryotinia, Aspergillus, unidentified Pleosporales and Capnodiales contributed to the glycolysis and esterification, because they were positively correlated to most organic acids and ethyl esters (P < 0.05). Additionally, four genera, including Emericella, Suillus, Mortierella and Botryotinia, that likely played key roles in fermentation, were observed firstly. This study observed comprehensive dynamics of microbial communities during the CSFL fermentation, and it further revealed the correlations between some crucial microorganisms and flavoring chemicals (FCs). The results from this study help to design effective strategies to manipulate microbial consortia for fermentation process optimization in the CSFL brew practice.
journal_name
BMC Microbioljournal_title
BMC microbiologyauthors
Zhang Y,Zhu X,Li X,Tao Y,Jia J,He Xdoi
10.1186/s12866-017-1106-3subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2017-09-15 00:00:00pages
196issue
1issn
1471-2180pii
10.1186/s12866-017-1106-3journal_volume
17pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
BMC MICROBIOLOGY文献大全abstract:BACKGROUND:Identification and characterization of non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) with reduced susceptibility to β-lactam antibiotics due to mutations in penicillin binding protein 3 (PBP3) is a clinical challenge. We analyzed a blood isolate, NTHi93-57485, that was categorized as aminopenicillin resistant b...
journal_title:BMC microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12866-018-1196-6
更新日期:2018-05-31 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The environment is the likely source of many pathogenic mycobacterial species but detection of mycobacteria by bacteriological tools is generally difficult and time-consuming. Consequently, several molecular targets based on the sequences of housekeeping genes, non-functional RNA and structural ribosomal RNA...
journal_title:BMC microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2180-13-277
更新日期:2013-12-03 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Pyruvate oxidase (Pox) is an important enzyme in bacterial metabolism for increasing ATP production and providing a fitness advantage via hydrogen peroxide production. However, few Pox enzymes have been characterized from bacterial species. The tetrameric non-hydrogen-peroxide producing Pox from E. coli is a...
journal_title:BMC microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12866-020-01788-6
更新日期:2020-05-24 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is one of the primary causes of bone infections which are often chronic and difficult to eradicate. Bacteria like S. aureus may survive upon internalization in cells and may be responsible for chronic and recurrent infections. In this study, we compared the responses of a ph...
journal_title:BMC microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12866-014-0207-5
更新日期:2014-07-25 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The Gram-negative phytopathogenic bacterium Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris recruits the hrp/T3SS system to inject pathogenicity effector proteins into host cells and uses the rpf/DSF cell-cell signaling system to regulate the expression of virulence factors such as extracellular enzymes and polysaccha...
journal_title:BMC microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12866-018-1233-5
更新日期:2018-09-03 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Zinc is an essential element for all living cells. Recent studies have shown that the ZnuABC zinc uptake system significantly contributes to the ability of several pathogens to multiply in the infected host and cause disease, suggesting that zinc is scarcely available within different tissues of the host. To...
journal_title:BMC microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2180-11-36
更新日期:2011-02-21 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Bacteria release a wide variety of small molecules including cell-to-cell signaling compounds. Gram-negative bacteria use a variety of self-produced autoinducers such as acylated homoserine lactones (acyl-HSLs) as signal compounds for quorum sensing (QS) within and between bacterial species. QS plays a signi...
journal_title:BMC microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2180-12-70
更新日期:2012-05-10 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are major inhabitants and part of the normal microflora of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of humans and animals. Despite substantial evidence supporting the beneficial properties of LAB, only a few studies have addressed the migration and colonization of probiotic bacteria in the...
journal_title:BMC microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12866-018-1315-4
更新日期:2018-10-30 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:We have previously shown that supernatant from Candida albicans (CA) culture contains a Secretory Interleukin (IL)-12 Inhibitory Factor (CA-SIIF), which inhibits IL-12 production by human monocytes. However, the effect of CA-SIIF on secretion of other cytokines by monocytes is unknown, and detailed character...
journal_title:BMC microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2180-8-31
更新日期:2008-02-19 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Tsetse flies (Diptera: Glossinidae) are solely responsible for the transmission of African trypanosomes, causative agents of sleeping sickness in humans and nagana in livestock. Due to the lack of efficient vaccines and the emergence of drug resistance, vector control approaches such as the sterile insect te...
journal_title:BMC microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12866-018-1295-4
更新日期:2018-11-23 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The development of vaccines and evaluation of novel treatment strategies for invasive group A streptococcal (iGAS) disease requires suitable models of human infection that can be monitored longitudinally and are preferably non-invasive. Bio-photonic imaging provides an opportunity to reduce use of animals in...
journal_title:BMC microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12866-018-1200-1
更新日期:2018-06-19 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:LiaRS mediates Bacillus subtilis response to cell envelope perturbations. A third protein, LiaF, has an inhibitory role over LiaRS in the absence of stimulus. Together, LiaF and LiaRS form a three-component system characterized by an unusual stoichiometry, a 4:1 ratio between LiaS and LiaR, the significance ...
journal_title:BMC microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12866-020-01796-6
更新日期:2020-04-29 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The date palm root borer Oryctes agamemnon (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) is one of the major pests of palms. In Saudi Arabia, both larvae and adults of Oryctes are particularly troublesome, especially during the establishment of young date palm orchards. Endosymbiotic bacteria are known to have a key role in fo...
journal_title:BMC microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12866-015-0422-8
更新日期:2015-04-22 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Footrot and interdigital dermatitis are endemic infectious diseases in all sheep farming regions, impairing welfare and production. The development of efficacious vaccines against the primary causative pathogen has been hampered by the extensive antigenic diversity of Dichelobacter nodosus. Understanding the...
journal_title:BMC microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12866-020-01769-9
更新日期:2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The aminoglycoside-resistance genes encoding aminoglycoside modifying enzymes and 16S rRNA methyltransferases are main factors contributing to increasing resistance to aminoglycosides. Characterization and distribution of antimicrobial resistance gene profiles provide important information on the potential d...
journal_title:BMC microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2180-13-58
更新日期:2013-03-14 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Malic enzymes decarboxylate the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediate malate to the glycolytic end-product pyruvate and are well positioned to regulate metabolic flux in central carbon metabolism. Despite the wide distribution of these enzymes, their biological roles are unclear in part because the rea...
journal_title:BMC microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12866-016-0780-x
更新日期:2016-07-26 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Porphyromonas gingivalis is the foremost oral pathogen of adult periodontitis in humans. However, the mechanisms of bacterial invasion and the resultant destruction of the gingival tissue remain largely undefined. RESULTS:We report host-P. gingivalis interactions in primary human gingival fibroblast (HGF) c...
journal_title:BMC microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,收录出版
doi:10.1186/1471-2180-6-26
更新日期:2006-03-08 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Despite the high prevalence of genotype 1b hepatitis C virus (HCV) among patients, a cell culture system that permits entire viral life cycle of genotype 1b isolates is limited. To develop a cell-cultured hepatitis C virus (HCVcc) of genotype 1b, the proper combination of HCV genomic variants and host cells ...
journal_title:BMC microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12866-016-0846-9
更新日期:2016-09-27 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Bacteria adapted to live within animals can protect their hosts against harmful infections. Beyond antagonism with pathogens, a 'defensive' bacterial symbiont could engage in additional interactions with other colonizing micro-organisms. A single bacterium might thus have cascading ecological impacts on the ...
journal_title:BMC microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12866-020-01845-0
更新日期:2020-06-15 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The complete genome sequences of 44 Bacillus cereus group isolates collected from diverse sources in Japan were analyzed to determine their genetic backgrounds and diversity levels in Japan. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and core-genome single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) typing data from whole-genome s...
journal_title:BMC microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12866-019-1678-1
更新日期:2019-12-16 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The emergence of antibiotic resistant pathogenic bacteria has reduced our ability to combat infectious diseases. At the same time the numbers of new antibiotics reaching the market have decreased. This situation has created an urgent need to discover novel antibiotic scaffolds. Recently, the application of p...
journal_title:BMC microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12866-016-0696-5
更新日期:2016-05-10 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Most living cells uptake phosphate, an indispensable nutrient for growth from their natural environment. In Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, the cells lack phosphate-inorganic transport (Pit) system but contain two phosphate-specific transport (Pst) systems, Pst1 and Pst2. We investigated the kinetics of Pi uptak...
journal_title:BMC microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2180-11-225
更新日期:2011-10-11 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Access to potable water remains a major challenge particularly in resource-limited settings. Although the potential contaminants of water are varied, enteric pathogenic protozoa are known to cause waterborne diseases greatly. This study aimed at investigating the prevalence, characteristics and correlates of...
journal_title:BMC microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12866-016-0890-5
更新日期:2016-11-08 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Recent studies have identified in Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP), already known as a pathogen in ruminants, a potential zoonotic agent of some autoimmune diseases in humans. Therefore, considering the possible risk for public health, it is necessary a thorough understanding of MAP's gene e...
journal_title:BMC microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2180-12-87
更新日期:2012-05-30 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The evolution of mycoplasmas from a common ancestor with Firmicutes has been characterized not only by genome down-sizing but also by horizontal gene transfer between mycoplasma species sharing a common host. The mechanisms of these gene transfers remain unclear because our knowledge of the mycoplasma mobile...
journal_title:BMC microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2180-12-257
更新日期:2012-11-12 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Identification and characterization of intervening sequences (IVSs) within 23S rRNA genes from Campylobacter organisms including atypical campylobacters were carried out using two PCR primer pairs, designed to generate helix 25 and 45 regions. RESULTS:Only C. sputorum biovar sputorum LMG7975 and fecalis LMG...
journal_title:BMC microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2180-9-256
更新日期:2009-12-11 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) is a portable, broadly applicable method for classifying bacterial isolates at an intra-species level. This methodology provides clinical and scientific investigators with a standardized means of monitoring evolution within bacterial populations. MLST uses the DNA sequences...
journal_title:BMC microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2180-14-143
更新日期:2014-06-03 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Nitrosomonas europaea is a widely studied chemolithoautotrophic ammonia oxidizing bacterium. While significant work exists on the ammonia oxidation pathway of N. europaea, its responses to factors such as dissolved oxygen limitation or sufficiency or exposure to high nitrite concentrations, particularly at t...
journal_title:BMC microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2180-10-70
更新日期:2010-03-04 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Non-structural protein 1 (NS1) is a multifunctional protein and a crucial regulatory factor in the replication and pathogenesis of avian influenza virus (AIV). Studies have shown that NS1 can interact with a variety of host proteins to modulate the viral life cycle. We previously generated a monoclonal antib...
journal_title:BMC microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12866-017-1097-0
更新日期:2017-09-11 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Following genital chlamydial infection, an early T helper type 1 (Th1)-associated immune response precedes the activation and recruitment of specific Th1 cells bearing distinct chemokine receptors, subsequently leading to the clearance of Chlamydia. We have shown that CCR5, a receptor for CCL5, is crucial fo...
journal_title:BMC microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2180-8-136
更新日期:2008-08-13 00:00:00