Abstract:
:As illustrated by the mitochondrion and the eukaryotic cell, little in biology makes sense except in light of mutualism. Mutualisms are persistent, intimate, and reciprocal exchanges; an organism proficient in obtaining certain benefits confers those on a partner, which reciprocates by conferring different benefits. Mutualisms (i) increase fitness, (ii) inspire robustness, (iii) are resilient and resistant to change, (iv) sponsor co-evolution, (v) foster innovation, and (vi) involve partners that are distantly related with contrasting yet complementary proficiencies. Previous to this work, mutualisms were understood to operate on levels of cells, organisms, ecosystems, and even societies and economies. Here, the concepts of mutualism are extended to molecules and are seen to apply to the relationship between RNA and protein. Polynucleotide and polypeptide are Molecules in Mutualism. RNA synthesizes protein in the ribosome and protein synthesizes RNA in polymerases. RNA and protein are codependent, and trade proficiencies. Protein has proficiency in folding into complex three-dimensional states, contributing enzymes, fibers, adhesives, pumps, pores, switches, and receptors. RNA has proficiency in direct molecular recognition, achieved by complementary base pairing interactions, which allow it to maintain, record, and transduce information. The large phylogenetic distance that characterizes partnerships in organismal mutualism has close analogy with large distance in chemical space between RNA and protein. The RNA backbone is anionic and self-repulsive and cannot form hydrophobic structural cores. The protein backbone is neutral and cohesive and commonly forms hydrophobic cores. Molecules in Mutualism extends beyond RNA and protein. A cell is a consortium of molecules in which nucleic acids, proteins, polysaccharides, phospholipids, and other molecules form a mutualism consortium that drives metabolism and replication. Analogies are found in systems such as stromatolites, which are large consortia of symbiotic organisms. It seems reasonable to suggest that 'polymers in mutualism relationships' is a useful and predictive definition of life.
journal_name
J Mol Evoljournal_title
Journal of molecular evolutionauthors
Lanier KA,Petrov AS,Williams LDdoi
10.1007/s00239-017-9804-xsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2017-08-01 00:00:00pages
8-13issue
1-2eissn
0022-2844issn
1432-1432pii
10.1007/s00239-017-9804-xjournal_volume
85pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Hydrophobins are small proteins, characterised by the presence of eight positionally conserved cysteine residues, and are present in all filamentous asco- and basidiomycetes. They are found on the outer surfaces of cell walls of hyphae and conidia, where they mediate interactions between the fungus and the environment...
journal_title:Journal of molecular evolution
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doi:10.1007/s00239-011-9438-3
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abstract::The RpoS sigma factor in proteobacteria regulates genes in stationary phase and in response to stress. Although of conserved function, the RpoS regulon may have different gene composition across species due to high genomic diversity and to known environmental conditions that select for RpoS mutants. In this study, the...
journal_title:Journal of molecular evolution
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journal_title:Journal of molecular evolution
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journal_title:Journal of molecular evolution
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doi:10.1007/BF02101000
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journal_title:Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00160400
更新日期:1994-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
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journal_title:Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00239-005-0060-0
更新日期:2005-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF02099952
更新日期:1986-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00239-003-2542-2
更新日期:2004-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00239-004-0318-y
更新日期:2005-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00175824
更新日期:1995-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/pl00006416
更新日期:1998-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00239-004-0146-0
更新日期:2005-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00239-004-0291-5
更新日期:2006-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Previous reports indicate that in laboratory strains of mice, males are distinct from females in possession of repetitive DNA, notably devoid of Eco RI and Hae III sites and rich in the simple tetranucleotides GATA/GACA. We report here that such sequences originated in an ancestor common to laboratory mice, Mus hortul...
journal_title:Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF02100013
更新日期:1987-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00239-020-09939-z
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journal_title:Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:Journal of molecular evolution
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journal_title:Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2003-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:1995-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:1998-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2005-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:Journal of molecular evolution
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journal_title:Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:1998-05-01 00:00:00