Evolution of Alu family repeats since the divergence of human and chimpanzee.

abstract：:The stability of helical structures formed by polyuridylic acid with nucleosides and nucleotides derived from adenosine is not significantly affected by replacing hydroxyl groups by hydrogen, amino, or azido functions. Stability is affected by the position of the phosphate group. ...

journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution

authors： Gibbs DE,Orgel LE

更新日期：1976-06-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Simple sequence repeats (SSRs) in DNA sequences are tandem iterations of a single nucleotide or a short oligonucleotide. SSRs are subject to slipped-strand mutations and a common source of phase variation in bacteria and antigenic variation in pathogens. Significantly long SSRs are generally rare in prokaryotic genome...

journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution

authors： Guo X,Mrázek J

更新日期：2008-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:EcoRI restriction of the B. nigra rDNA recombinants, isolated from a lambda genomic library, showed that the 3.9-kb fragment corresponded to the Intergenic Spacer (IGS), which was sequenced and found to be 3,928 bp in size. Sequence and dot-matrix analyses showed that the organization of the B. nigra rDNA IGS was typi...

journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution

authors： Bhatia S,Singh Negi M,Lakshmikumaran M

更新日期：1996-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Four genes in the P450 IID gene subfamily were isolated from Sprague-Dawley rat lambda EMBL 3 and Charon 4A genomic libraries and completely sequenced. Their transcription start sites were determined by primer extension analysis. The four genes designated IID2, IID3, IID4, and IID5 span 4036, 4371, 4678, and 4567 bp, ...

journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution

authors： Matsunaga E,Umeno M,Gonzalez FJ

更新日期：1990-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In Trypanoplasma borelli, a representative of the Bodonina within the Kinetoplastida, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) activity was detected in both the cytosol and glycosomes. This situation is similar to that previously found in Trypanosomatidae, belonging to a different Kinetoplastida suborder. In T...

journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution

authors： Wiemer EA,Hannaert V,van den IJssel PR,Van Roy J,Opperdoes FR,Michels PA

更新日期：1995-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Translation termination is catalyzed by release factors that recognize stop codons. However, previous works have shown that in some bacteria, the termination process also involves bases around stop codons. Recently, Ito et al. analyzed release factors and identified the amino acids therein that recognize stop codons. ...

journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution

authors： Ozawa Y,Saito R,Washio T,Tomita M

更新日期：2003-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A 2550-bp portion of the mitochondrial genome of a Demosponge, genus Tetilla, was amplified from whole genomic DNA extract and sequenced. The sequence was found to code for the 3' end of the 16S rRNA gene, cytochrome c oxidase subunit II, a lysine tRNA, ATPase subunit 8, and a 5' portion of ATPase subunit 6. The Porif...

journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution

authors： Watkins RF,Beckenbach AT

更新日期：1999-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Several distinct families of endogenous retroviruses exist in the genomes of primates. Most of them are remnants of ancient germ-line infections. The human endogenous retrovirus family HERV-K represents the unique known case of endogenous retrovirus that amplified in the human genome after the divergence of human and ...

journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution

authors： Costas J

更新日期：2001-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The observed and expected frequencies of occurrence of microsatellites in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae were investigated. In all cases, the observed frequencies exceeded the expected ones. In contrast to predictions by Messier et al. (1996), there is no critical number of repeats beyond which the observed freque...

journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution

authors： Pupko T,Graur D

更新日期：1999-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The gene content of a mitochondrial (mt) genome, i.e., 37 genes and a large noncoding region (LNR), is usually conserved in Metazoa. The arrangement of these genes and the LNR is generally conserved at low taxonomic levels but varies substantially at high levels. We report here a variation in mt gene content and gene ...

journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution

authors： Shao R,Barker SC,Mitani H,Takahashi M,Fukunaga M

更新日期：2006-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Protamine P1 genes have been sequenced following PCR amplification from 11 mammals representing five major mammalian orders: Rodentia (rat and guinea pig), Carnivora (cat and bear), Proboscidea (elephant), Perissodactyla (horse), and Artiodactyla (camel, deer, elk, moose, and gazelle). The predicted amino acid sequenc...

journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution

authors： Queralt R,Adroer R,Oliva R,Winkfein RJ,Retief JD,Dixon GH

更新日期：1995-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:It has been suggested that inorganic membranes were forerunners of organic membranes at the origin of life. Such membranes, interposed between alkaline fluid in submarine vents and the more acidic Hadean ocean, were thought to house inorganic molecular machines. H+ flowed down the pH gradient (ΔpH) from ocean to vent ...

journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution

authors： Jackson JB

更新日期：2017-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Here we report DNA sequences from mitochondrial cytochrome b gene segments (1,005 base pairs per species) for the extinct woolly mammoth (Mammuthus primigenius) and Steller's sea cow (Hydrodamalis gigas) and the extant Asian elephant (Elephas maximus), the Western Indian manatee (Trichechus manatus), and the hyrax (Pr...

journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution

authors： Ozawa T,Hayashi S,Mikhelson VM

更新日期：1997-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The evolutionary speed and the consequent immune escape of H3N2 influenza A virus make it an interesting evolutionary system. Charged amino acid residues are often significant contributors to the free energy of binding for protein-protein interactions, including antibody-antigen binding and ligand-receptor binding. We...

journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution

authors： Pan K,Long J,Sun H,Tobin GJ,Nara PL,Deem MW

更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The problem of determining the minimal phylogenetic tree is discussed in relation to graph theory. It is shown that this problem is an example of the Steiner problem in graphs which is to connect a set of points by a minimal length network where new points can be added. There is no reported method of solving realistic...

journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution

authors： Foulds LR,Hendy MD,Penny D

更新日期：1979-07-18 00:00:00

abstract：:Protamine P1 genes have been sequenced by PCR amplification and direct DNA sequencing from 9 primates representing 5 major families, Cebidae (new world monkeys), Cercopithecidae (old world monkeys), Hylobatidae (gibbons), Pongidae (gorilla, orangutan, and chimpanzee), and Hominidae (human). In this recently diverged g...

journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution

authors： Retief JD,Winkfein RJ,Dixon GH,Adroer R,Queralt R,Ballabriga J,Oliva R

更新日期：1993-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We provide here evidence for a conserved regulatory element for transcription of the β-family globin genes based on a comparative study of 32 genes from 16 mammals. The element is characterized by the appearance of AA or TT dinucleotides in the A + T-rich region located 200-400 bp upstream of the cap sites. G-tracts 3...

journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution

authors： Kiyama R,Wada-Kiyama Y

更新日期：2011-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:DNA clones have been isolated that span the complete mitochondrial (mt) genome of the dolphin, Cephalorhynchus commersonii. Hybridization experiments with purified primate mtDNA probes have established that there is close resemblance in the general organization of the dolphin mt genome and the terrestrial mammalian mt...

journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution

authors： Southern SO,Southern PJ,Dizon AE

更新日期：1988-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In this study, a new strategy for the selection of aptamers against small-molecule target was established using gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) as the separation matrix and Zinc(II)-Protoporphyrin IX (ZnPPIX) as the target molecule without the immobilization step due to the absorption of ssDNA on AuNPs. The progress of the...

journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution

authors： Li W,Luo Y,Gao T,Yang L,Wang J,Pei R

更新日期：2019-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We have determined the genomic structure of an integrin beta-subunit gene from the coral, Acropora millepora. The coding region of the gene contains 26 introns, spaced relatively uniformly, and this is significantly more than have been found in any integrin beta-subunit genes from higher animals. Twenty-five of the 26...

journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution

authors： Schmitt DM,Brower DL

更新日期：2001-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Group I introns are mobile RNA enzymes (ribozymes) that encode conserved primary and secondary structures required for autocatalysis. The group I intron that interrupts the tRNA-Leu gene in cyanobacteria and plastids is remarkable because it is the oldest known intervening sequence and may have been present in the com...

journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution

authors： Simon D,Fewer D,Friedl T,Bhattacharya D

更新日期：2003-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The evolutionary relationships among arthropod hemocyanins and insect hexamerins were investigated. A multiple sequence alignment of 12 hemocyanin and 31 hexamerin subunits was constructed and used for studying sequence conservation and protein phylogeny. Although hexamerins and hemocyanins belong to a highly divergen...

journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution

authors： Burmester T,Massey HC Jr,Zakharkin SO,Benes H

更新日期：1998-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The transposable element mariner occurs widely in the melanogaster species group of Drosophila. However, in drosophilids outside of the melanogaster species group, sequences showing strong DNA hybridization with mariner are found only in the genus Zaprionus. The mariner sequence obtained from Zaprionus tuberculatus is...

journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution

authors： Maruyama K,Hartl DL

更新日期：1991-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:There have been two distinct phases of evolution of the genetic code: an ancient phase--prior to the divergence of the three domains of life, during which the standard genetic code was established--and a modern phase, in which many alternative codes have arisen in specific groups of genomes that differ only slightly f...

journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution

authors： Sengupta S,Higgs PG

更新日期：2015-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Two families of high-cysteine chorion proteins in Bombyx mori are encoded in 15 tandemly arranged nonidentical gene pairs. It is assumed that this locus arose by duplication with subsequent sequence divergence. We have compared DNA sequences from two such neighboring pairs of genes in an attempt to understand the mann...

journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution

authors： Rodakis GC,Lecanidou R,Eickbush TH

更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A problem with studying evolutionary dynamics of mitochondrial (mt) DNA is that classical population genetic techniques cannot identify selected substitutions because of genetic hitchhiking. We circumvented this problem by employing a candidate complex approach to study sequence variation in cytochrome c oxidase (COX)...

journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution

authors： Melvin RG,Katewa SD,Ballard JW

更新日期：2008-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We described previously a family of dispersed palindromic sequences highly repeated in Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium genomes. These sequences, called PU (palindromic units), are located outside structural genes. We report here observations suggesting that PU may have a role in bacterial speciation. ...

journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution

authors： Gilson E,Perrin D,Saurin W,Hofnung M

更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Lake Malawi is home to more than 450 species of endemic cichlids, which provide a spectacular example of adaptive radiation. To clarify the phylogenetic relationships among these fish, we examined the presence and absence of SINEs (short interspersed repetitive elements) at orthologous loci. We identified six loci at ...

journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution

authors： Takahashi K,Nishida M,Yuma M,Okada N

更新日期：2001-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Antibody binding site are formed by six hypervariable regions or complementarity determining regions (CDRs). The CDRs, three from the heavy chain and three from the light chain, are known as hypervariable segments and provide a surface complementary to that of the epitope. In recent work it was found that the amino ac...

journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution

authors： Vargas-Madrazo E,Lara-Ochoa F,Jiménez-Montaño M

更新日期：1994-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Explicit evaluation of the accuracy and power of maximum likelihood and Bayesian methods for detecting site-specific positive Darwinian selection presents a challenge because selective consequences of single amino acid changes are generally unknown. We exploited extensive molecular and functional characterization of a...

journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution

authors： Cavatorta JR,Savage AE,Yeam I,Gray SM,Jahn MM

更新日期：2008-11-01 00:00:00