Evolutionary rate and genetic heterogeneity of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type II (HTLV-II) using isolates from European injecting drug users.

abstract：:In vitro selection of Zn(2+)-dependent RNA-cleaving DNAzymes with activity at 90 degrees C has yielded a diverse spool of selected sequences. The RNA cleavage efficiency was found in all cases to be specific for Zn(2+) over Pb(2+), Ca(2+), Cd(2+), Co(2+), Hg(2+), and Mg(2+). The Zn(2+)-dependent activity assay of the ...

journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution

authors： Nelson KE,Bruesehoff PJ,Lu Y

更新日期：2005-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The question of whether natural selection favors genetic stability or genetic variability is a fundamental problem in evolutionary biology. Bioinformatic analyses demonstrate that selection favors genetic stability by avoiding unstable nucleotide sequences in protein encoding DNA. Yet, such unstable sequences are main...

journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution

authors： Falster DS,Nakken S,Bergem-Ohr M,Rødland EA,Breivik J

更新日期：2010-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:An emergent problem in the study of pathogen evolution is our ability to determine the extent to which their rapidly evolving genomes recombine. Such information is necessary and essential for locating pathogenicity loci using association studies, and it also directs future screening, therapeutic and vaccination strat...

journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution

authors： Greenspan G,Geiger D,Gotch F,Bower M,Patterson S,Nelson M,Gazzard B,Stebbing J

更新日期：2004-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The finding that ribozymes can catalyze RNA chain elongation has led to the proposal that an early self-replicating system could have consisted of RNA alone. In such a chain elongation reaction, the Tetrahymena ribozyme was found to select 3',5'-linked substrates from a pool that contained a large molar excess of 2',5...

journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution

authors： Young B,Cech TR

更新日期：1989-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:51 polypeptides of known 3-dimensional structures have been submitted to a search for internal similarities. It is shown that the frequency of proteins displaying significant amounts of internal similarities is higher than predicted by chance. A non-negligible part of those similarities probably occurs in connection w...

journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution

authors： Wuilmart C,Delhaise P

更新日期：1983-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Calmodulin is a calcium-binding EF-hand protein that is an activator of many enzymes as well as ion pumps and channels. Due to its multiple targets and its central role in the cell, understanding the evolutionary history of calmodulin genes should provide insights into the origin of genetic complexity in eukaryotes. W...

journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution

authors： Karabinos A,Bhattacharya D

更新日期：2000-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:tRNA with a terminal UCCA-3' forms a structure in which the 3'-sequence folds back. The adenine of glycyl-AMP can base-pair with the uridine of the UCCA-3' region, which places the glycine residue in close proximity to the 3'-terminal adenosine of tRNA, possibly enabling the transfer of glycine from glycyl-AMP to tRNA...

journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution

authors： Tamura K

更新日期：2015-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Photosynthetic eukaryotes can, according to features of their chloroplasts, be divided into two major groups: the red and the green lineage of plastid evolution. To extend the knowledge about the evolution of the red lineage we have sequenced and analyzed the chloroplast genome (cp-genome) of Cyanidium caldarium RK1, ...

journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution

authors： Glöckner G,Rosenthal A,Valentin K

更新日期：2000-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Adenosine 5'-phosphoramidates form when solutions containing adenosine 5'-polyphosphates pnA (n greater than or equal to 3) or P1, P2-diadenosine 5'-diphosphate and amines are allowed to dry out. Mg ions catalyze these reactions. We have studied systems containing ammonia, imidazole, glycine, ethylenediamine and hista...

journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution

authors： Lohrmann R

更新日期：1977-11-25 00:00:00

abstract：:Simple sequence repeats (SSRs) in DNA sequences are tandem iterations of a single nucleotide or a short oligonucleotide. SSRs are subject to slipped-strand mutations and a common source of phase variation in bacteria and antigenic variation in pathogens. Significantly long SSRs are generally rare in prokaryotic genome...

journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution

authors： Guo X,Mrázek J

更新日期：2008-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cytochrome proteins perform a broad spectrum of biological functions ranging from oxidative metabolism to electron transport and are thus essential to all organisms. The b-type cytochrome proteins bind heme noncovalently, are expressed in many different forms and are localized to various cellular compartments. We repo...

journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution

authors： Kula ME,Allay ER,Rozek CE

更新日期：1995-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Collagen is an important structural protein and the most abundant protein in mammals. In several research fields, structural analysis of collagens is performed. Fibrillar collagens almost entirely consist of continuous repeats of GXY, where G is glycine, X is often proline or alanine and Y is often hydroxyproline or a...

journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution

authors： Kleinnijenhuis AJ,van Holthoon FL

更新日期：2018-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We have analyzed the gene that encodes receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) from the marine sponge Geodia cydonium, which belongs to the most ancient and simple metazoan groups, the Porifera. RTKs are enzymes found only in metazoa. The sponge gene contains two introns in the extracellular part of the protein. However, the r...

journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution

authors： Gamulin V,Skorokhod A,Kavsan V,Müller IM,Müller WE

更新日期：1997-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This study examines the diverse maximum wavelength absorption (lambdamax) found in crayfishes (Decapoda: Cambaridae and Parastacidae) and the associated genetic variation in their opsin locus. We measured the wavelength absorption in the photoreceptors of six species that inhabit environments of different light intens...

journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution

authors： Crandall KA,Cronin TW

更新日期：1997-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This study investigated the evolution of a transition metal ion-binding cluster ([H--X--X--X--H](n); Tx) in the alternatively spliced NH(2)-terminal variable region of avian pectoral muscle troponin T (TnT). Encoded by avian fast skeletal muscle TnT-specific P exons, Tx-like structures were expressed in the breast mus...

journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution

authors： Jin JP,Samanez RA

更新日期：2001-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We present two new models of protein sequence evolution based on structural properties of mitochondrial proteins. We compare these models with others currently used in phylogenetic analyses, investigating their performance over both short and long evolutionary distances. We find that our models that incorporate second...

journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution

authors： Liò P,Goldman N

更新日期：2002-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Liverworts are well supported as the sister group to all other land plants (embryophytes) by molecular data. Observations strongly supporting this earliest dichotomy in embryophyte evolution are the strikingly different introns occurring in the mitochondrial DNAs of liverworts versus non-liverwort embryophytes (NLE), ...

journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution

authors： Volkmar U,Knoop V

更新日期：2010-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:One of the key problems in the study of ancient DNA is that of authenticating sequences obtained from PCR amplifications of highly degraded samples. Contamination of ancient samples and postmortem damage to endogenous DNA templates are the major obstacles facing researchers in this task. In particular, the authenticat...

journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution

authors： Helgason A,Pálsson S,Lalueza-Fox C,Ghosh S,Sigurdardóttir S,Baker A,Hrafnkelsson B,Arnadóttir L,Thorsteinsdóttir U,Stefánsson K

更新日期：2007-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We examined the codon usages in well-conserved and less-well-conserved regions of vertebrate protein genes and found them to be similar. Despite this similarity, there is a statistically significant decrease in codon bias in the less-well-conserved regions. Our analysis suggests that although those codon changes initi...

journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution

authors： Lipman DJ,Wilbur WJ

更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:All modern mammals contain a distinctive, highly repeated (> or = 50,000 members) family of long interspersed repeated DNA called the L1 (LINE 1) family. While the modern L1 families were derived from a common ancestor that predated the mammalian radiation approximately 80 million years ago, most of the members of the...

journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution

authors： Pascale E,Liu C,Valle E,Usdin K,Furano AV

更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Oligonucleotide cataloguing has been used to characterize a number of 5S RNA species from various Procaryotes. Such catalogs can be used to establish certain and detailed phylogenetic relationships among organisms. Confining attention at present to four Families of Procaryotes, theEnterobacteriaceae, theBacillaceae, t...

journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution

authors： Sogin SJ,Sogin ML,Woese CR

更新日期：1972-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Since their discovery in Metazoa, the three nuclear RNA polymerases (RNAPs) have been found in fungi, plants, and diverse protists. In all eukaryotes studied to date, RNAPs I, II, and III collectively transcribe all major RNAs made in the nucleus. We have found genes for the largest subunit (RPD1/RPE1) of a new DNA-de...

journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution

authors： Luo J,Hall BD

更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Barnacles (Cirripedia) are a subclass of Crustacea. Their peculiar segmentation pattern (few segments, absence of abdominal segments, and, in the parasitic rhizocephalan, loss of segmentation at the adult stage) prompted us to study the engrailed gene, which encodes a homeodomain transcription factor and is expressed ...

journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution

authors： Gibert JM,Mouchel-Vielh E,Deutsch JS

更新日期：1997-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Twenty-seven protein sequence elements, six to nine amino acids long, were extracted from 15 phylogenetically diverse complete prokaryotic proteomes. The elements are present in all of these proteomes, with at least one copy each (omnipresent elements), and have presumably been conserved since the last universal commo...

journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution

authors： Sobolevsky Y,Frenkel ZM,Trifonov EN

更新日期：2007-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Restriction modification (RM) systems serve to protect bacteria against bacteriophages. They comprise a restriction endonuclease activity that specifically cleaves DNA and a corresponding methyltransferase activity that specifically methylates the DNA, thereby protecting it from cleavage. Such systems are very common ...

journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution

authors： Jeltsch A,Pingoud A

更新日期：1996-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:It has been argued that downstream enzymes in metabolic pathways are expected to be subject to reduced selective constraint, while upstream enzymes, particularly those at pathway branch points, are expected to exhibit more frequent adaptive substitution than downstream enzymes. We examined whether these expectations a...

journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution

authors： Rausher MD,Lu Y,Meyer K

更新日期：2008-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Synechococcus and Prochlorococcus have made great contributions to earth's photosynthetic biomass. ATP-binding cassette (ABC) protein systems have been characterized to play important roles in various physiological functions, including carbon fixation, phosphate assimilation, and vitamin B(12) metabolism. In this stud...

journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution

authors： Bu L,Xiao J,Lu L,Xu G,Li J,Zhao F,Li X,Wu J

更新日期：2009-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:RNA has a myriad of biological roles in contemporary life. We use the RNA paradigm for genotype-phenotype mappings to study the evolution of multiple coding in dependence to mutation rates. We study three different one-to-many genotype-phenotype mappings which have the potential to encode the information for multiple ...

journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution

authors： de Boer FK,Hogeweg P

更新日期：2014-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Androgen effects mediated by the androgen receptor (AR) are essential for male reproductive development and virilization. Comparison of AR DNA coding sequence from five primate species, Homo sapiens (human), Pan troglodytes (chimpanzee), Papio hamadryas (baboon), Macaca fascicularis (macaque), and Eulemur fulvus colla...

journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution

authors： Choong CS,Kemppainen JA,Wilson EM

更新日期：1998-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This report describes the distribution of P-element sequences among members of the closely related willistoni and saltans species groups of the subgenus Sophophora. Gel-blotting analyses showed that many, but not all, species from each of these groups possess sequences with homology to the P transposable element of Dr...

journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution

authors： Daniels SB,Strausbaugh LD

更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00