Abstract：
:Calmodulin is a calcium-binding EF-hand protein that is an activator of many enzymes as well as ion pumps and channels. Due to its multiple targets and its central role in the cell, understanding the evolutionary history of calmodulin genes should provide insights into the origin of genetic complexity in eukaryotes. We have previously isolated and characterized a calmodulin gene from the early-diverging chordate Branchiostoma lanceolatum (CaM1). In this paper, we report the existence of a second calmodulin gene (CaM2) as well as two CaM-like genomic fragments (CaML-2, CaML-3) in B. lanceolatum and a CaM2 and three CaM-like genes (CaML-1, CaML-2, CaML-3) in B. floridae. The CaM-like genes were isolated using low-stringency PCR. Surprisingly, the nucleotide sequences of the B. lanceolatum CaM1 and CaM2 cDNAs differ by 19.3%. Moreover, the CaM2 protein differs at two positions from the amino acid sequence of CaM1; the latter is identical to calmodulins in Drosophila melanogaster, the mollusc Aplysia californica, and the tunicate Halocynthia roretzi. The two B. lanceolatum CaM-like genes are more closely related to the CaM2 than to the CaM1 gene. This relationship is supported by the phylogenetic analyses and the identical exon/intron organization of these three genes, a relationship unique among animal CaM sequences. These data demonstrate the existence of a CaM multigene family in the cephalochordate Branchiostoma, which may have evolved independently from the multigene family in vertebrates.
journal_name
J Mol Evoljournal_title
Journal of molecular evolutionauthors
Karabinos A,Bhattacharya Ddoi
10.1007/s002390010074keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2000-08-01 00:00:00pages
141-8issue
2eissn
0022-2844issn
1432-1432pii
10.1007/s002390010074journal_volume
51pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:We have studied the metal-ion catalysis of a number of reactions of the isomers of ImpGpG on a poly(C) template. In the absence of a catalytic metal ion, oligomers at least up to (pG)20 are obtained from the ImpGpG isomers in a 1-methylimidazole buffer. The Pb2+ ion improves the yield of longer oligomers and changes s...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF01795752
更新日期：1981-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:There has been considerable discussion in recent years on the evolution of the tandemly repeated multigene families, since some organisms show a concerted model whereas others show a birth-and-death model. This controversial subject extends to several species of fish. In this study, three species of the Sparidae famil...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00239-013-9541-8
更新日期：2013-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the traditional concept for the origin of life as proposed by Oparin and Haldane in the 1920s, prebiotic reactants became slowly concentrated in the primordial oceans and life evolved slowly from a series of highly protracted chemical reactions during the first billion years of Earth's history. However, chemical e...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02102187
更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02103135
更新日期：1991-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cot and chemical analysis show that the haploid genome size of Thermobia domestica is 3-4x10(9) nucleotide pairs. Of this DNA 33% is single copy sequences and 67% is repetitive sequences. The repetitive sequences are predominantly 300 nucleotides in length and are interspersed among the single copy sequences in a shor...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF01733135
更新日期：1980-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/pl00006246
更新日期：1997-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF01796121
更新日期：1976-12-31 00:00:00
abstract：:Bacterial lipoproteins, characterized by the N-terminal N-acyl S-diacylglyceryl Cysteine, are key membrane proteins in bacterial homeostasis. It is generally thought that during the modification lipoprotein precursors are translocated via the Sec-machinery in an unfolded state. The recent discovery of twin-arginine tr...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00239-010-9334-2
更新日期：2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Sequence data from regions of five vertebrate vitellogenin genes were used to examine the frequency, distribution, and mutability of the dinucleotide CpG, the preferred modification site for eukaryotic DNA methyltransferases. The observed level of the CpG dinucleotide in all five genes was markedly lower than that exp...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02101752
更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00239-001-0080-3
更新日期：2002-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/pl00006486
更新日期：1999-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00239-015-9665-0
更新日期：2015-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02134133
更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00178599
更新日期：1992-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00239-020-09977-7
更新日期：2020-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00239-019-09910-7
更新日期：2019-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00239-012-9504-5
更新日期：2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It has been argued that the common ancestor of about 75% of all dicots possessed an S-RNase-based gametophytic self-incompatibility (GSI) system. S-RNase genes should thus be found in most plant families showing GSI. The S-RNase gene (or a duplicate) may also acquire a new function and thus genes belonging to the S-RN...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00239-008-9137-x
更新日期：2008-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02100210
更新日期：1989-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF01738882
更新日期：1976-06-23 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/pl00006267
更新日期：1997-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00160324
更新日期：1995-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02102477
更新日期：1989-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The alcohol dehydrogenase (Adh) gene has been isolated from Drosophila simulans and D. mauritiana by screening lambda clone libraries of each with a previously cloned Adh gene from D. melanogaster. The isolated lambda clones were subcloned and partially sequenced to determine the relatedness of these species and to ex...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02101983
更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00239-004-0293-3
更新日期：2005-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The semen of many primate species coagulates into a mating plug believed to prevent the sperm of subsequent mating events from accessing the ova. The texture of the coagulum varies among species: from a semisoft mass in humans to a firm plug in chimpanzees. In humans, a component of the coagulum, semenogelin I, also i...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00239-002-2463-0
更新日期：2003-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Explicit evaluation of the accuracy and power of maximum likelihood and Bayesian methods for detecting site-specific positive Darwinian selection presents a challenge because selective consequences of single amino acid changes are generally unknown. We exploited extensive molecular and functional characterization of a...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00239-008-9172-7
更新日期：2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recombination has been suggested to be an important factor for the genetic variation of bacterial genes, but few studies have dealt with intragenic recombination between the same or closely related species of cyanobacteria. Here we provide strong evidence for recombination in the microcystin synthetase (mcy) gene clus...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00239-004-2583-1
更新日期：2004-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The usage of synonymous codons and the frequencies of amino acids were investigated in the complete genome of the bacterium Thermotoga maritima using a multivariate statistical approach. The GC3 content of each gene was the most prominent source of variation of codon usage. Surprisingly the usage of UGU and UGC (synon...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00239-001-0040-y
更新日期：2002-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Selection pressures on proteins are usually measured by comparing homologous nucleotide sequences (Zuckerkandl and Pauling 1965). Recently we introduced a novel method, termed volatility, to estimate selection pressures on proteins on the basis of their synonymous codon usage (Plotkin and Dushoff 2003; Plotkin et al. ...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00239-005-0233-x
更新日期：2006-11-01 00:00:00
