Conserved organization of an avian histone gene cluster with inverted duplications of H3 and H4 genes.

abstract：:It has recently been argued that living metazoans diverged over 800 million years ago, based on evidence from 22 nuclear genes for such a deep divergence between vertebrates and arthropods (Gu 1998). Two "internal" calibration points were used. However, only one fossil divergence date (the mammal-bird split) was direc...

journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution

authors： Lee MS

更新日期：1999-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This study investigated the evolution of a transition metal ion-binding cluster ([H--X--X--X--H](n); Tx) in the alternatively spliced NH(2)-terminal variable region of avian pectoral muscle troponin T (TnT). Encoded by avian fast skeletal muscle TnT-specific P exons, Tx-like structures were expressed in the breast mus...

journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution

authors： Jin JP,Samanez RA

更新日期：2001-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We outline a method for estimating quantitatively the influence of point mutations and selection on the frequencies of codons and amino acids. We show how the mutation rate, i.e., the rate of amino acid replacement due to point mutation, can be affected by the codon usage as well as by the rates of the involved base e...

journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution

authors： Frömmel C,Holzhütter HG

更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Compared with the X chromosome, the mammalian Y chromosome is considerably diminished in size and has lost most of its ancestral genes during evolution. Interestingly, for the X-degenerate region on the Y chromosome, human has retained all 16 genes, while chimpanzee has lost 4 of the 16 genes since the divergence of t...

journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution

authors： Goto H,Peng L,Makova KD

更新日期：2009-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:To understand the process and mechanism of protein evolution, it is important to know what types of amino acid substitutions are more likely to be under selection and what types are mostly neutral. An amino acid substitution can be classified as either conservative or radical, depending on whether it involves a change...

journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution

authors： Zhang J

更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The circadian clock regulates a multitude of plant developmental and metabolic processes. In crop species, it contributes significantly to plant performance and productivity and to the adaptation and geographical range over which crops can be grown. To understand the clock in barley and how it relates to the component...

journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution

authors： Calixto CP,Waugh R,Brown JW

更新日期：2015-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The frequencies of ATG triplets in the genomes of various species were systematically analyzed, and the frequency of ATG triplets was significantly low around start codons in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic genomes. In eukaryotes, however, the frequency decrease before the start codon is much more evident than that af...

journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution

authors： Saito R,Tomita M

更新日期：1999-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Simple sequence repeats (SSRs) in DNA sequences are tandem iterations of a single nucleotide or a short oligonucleotide. SSRs are subject to slipped-strand mutations and a common source of phase variation in bacteria and antigenic variation in pathogens. Significantly long SSRs are generally rare in prokaryotic genome...

journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution

authors： Guo X,Mrázek J

更新日期：2008-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The kinetics of synonymous codon change and species divergence is described in a matrix formalism that is equally applicable to all levels of codon degeneracy and all levels of codon or nucleotide bias. Based on the formalism it is possible to calculate the sum of all synonymous substitution rate constants from the ob...

journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution

authors： Berg OG

更新日期：1995-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Phylogenetic hypotheses of muscle actin evolution are significantly different when a sea urchin is used as a representative echinoderm than when a sea star is used. While sea urchin muscle actins support an echinoderm-chordate sister relationship, sea star sequences suggest that echinoderm muscle actins are convergent...

journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution

authors： White ME,Crother BI

更新日期：2000-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Bacterial lipoproteins, characterized by the N-terminal N-acyl S-diacylglyceryl Cysteine, are key membrane proteins in bacterial homeostasis. It is generally thought that during the modification lipoprotein precursors are translocated via the Sec-machinery in an unfolded state. The recent discovery of twin-arginine tr...

journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution

authors： Shruthi H,Babu MM,Sankaran K

更新日期：2010-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Analysis of cDNAs from Macrovipera lebetina transmediterranea (Mlt) and Echis ocellatus (Eo) venom gland libraries encoding disintegrins argued strongly for a common ancestry of the messengers of short disintegrins and those for precursors of dimeric disintegrin chains. We now report the sequence analysis of disintegr...

journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution

authors： Bazaa A,Juárez P,Marrakchi N,Bel Lasfer Z,El Ayeb M,Harrison RA,Calvete JJ,Sanz L

更新日期：2007-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:L1 elements are retrotransposons that have been replicating and evolving in mammalian genomes since before the mammalian radiation. Rattus norvegicus shares the young L1mlvi2 clade only with its sister taxon, Rattus cf moluccarius. Here we compared the L1mlvi2 clade in these recently diverged species and found that it...

journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution

authors： Cabot EL,Angeletti B,Usdin K,Furano AV

更新日期：1997-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The alpha-esterase cluster of D. melanogaster contains 11 esterase genes dispersed over 60 kb. Embedded in the cluster are two unrelated open reading frames that have sequence similarity with genes encoding ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme and tropomyosin. The esterase amino acid sequences show 37-66% identity with one an...

journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution

authors： Robin C,Russell RJ,Medveczky KM,Oakeshott JG

更新日期：1996-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:cDNA encoding the adhesive protein of the mussel Mytilus coruscus (Mcfp1) was isolated. The coding region encoded 848 amino acids (a.a.) comprising the 20-a.a. signal peptide, the 21-a.a. nonrepetitive linker, and the 805-a.a. repetitive domain. Although the first 204 nucleotides and the 3'-untranslated region of Mcfp...

journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution

authors： Inoue K,Takeuchi Y,Takeyama S,Yamaha E,Yamazaki F,Odo S,Harayama S

更新日期：1996-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The RpoS sigma factor in proteobacteria regulates genes in stationary phase and in response to stress. Although of conserved function, the RpoS regulon may have different gene composition across species due to high genomic diversity and to known environmental conditions that select for RpoS mutants. In this study, the...

journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution

authors： Chiang SM,Schellhorn HE

更新日期：2010-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Sequence data from regions of five vertebrate vitellogenin genes were used to examine the frequency, distribution, and mutability of the dinucleotide CpG, the preferred modification site for eukaryotic DNA methyltransferases. The observed level of the CpG dinucleotide in all five genes was markedly lower than that exp...

journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution

authors： Cooper DN,Gerber-Huber S,Nardelli D,Schubiger JL,Wahli W

更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Evolutionary divergence times can be inferred from molecular distances if a molecular clock can be assumed and if the substitution rate can be estimated. We present new evidence from relative rate tests that the rate of substitution at fourfold degenerate sites of nuclear genome-coding DNA is uniform in primate and ro...

journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution

authors： Easteal S,Herbert G

更新日期：1997-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In Trypanoplasma borelli, a representative of the Bodonina within the Kinetoplastida, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) activity was detected in both the cytosol and glycosomes. This situation is similar to that previously found in Trypanosomatidae, belonging to a different Kinetoplastida suborder. In T...

journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution

authors： Wiemer EA,Hannaert V,van den IJssel PR,Van Roy J,Opperdoes FR,Michels PA

更新日期：1995-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The core histone genes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae are arranged as duplicate nonallelic sets of specifically paired genes. The identity of structural organization between the duplicated gene pairs would have its simplest evolutionary origin in the duplication of a complete locus in a single event. In such a case, the ...

journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution

authors： Smith MM

更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Sequence divergence among orthologous proteins was characterized with 34 amino acid replacement matrices, sequence context analysis, and a phylogenetic tree. The model was trained on very large datasets of aligned protein sequences drawn from 15 organisms including protists, plants, Dictyostelium, fungi, and animals. ...

journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution

authors： Olsen R,Loomis WF

更新日期：2005-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Life is based on biopolymers that have the ability to replicate themselves. Here we consider how a self-replicating RNA system may have originated. We consider a reaction system in which polymerization is possible by the addition of an activated monomer to the end of a chain. We suppose that a small fraction of polyme...

journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution

authors： Wu M,Higgs PG

更新日期：2009-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) are the remnants of ancient germ cell infection by exogenous retroviruses and occupy up to 8% of the human genome. It has been suggested that HERV sequences have contributed to primate evolution by regulating the expression of cellular genes and mediating chromosome rearrangements...

journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution

authors： Macfarlane C,Simmonds P

更新日期：2004-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The heterotrophic theory of the origin of life is the only proposal available with experimental support. This comes from the ease of prebiotic synthesis under strongly reducing conditions. The prebiotic synthesis of organic compounds by reduction of CO(2) to monomers used by the first organisms would also be considere...

journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution

authors： Lazcano A,Miller SL

更新日期：1999-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A 2550-bp portion of the mitochondrial genome of a Demosponge, genus Tetilla, was amplified from whole genomic DNA extract and sequenced. The sequence was found to code for the 3' end of the 16S rRNA gene, cytochrome c oxidase subunit II, a lysine tRNA, ATPase subunit 8, and a 5' portion of ATPase subunit 6. The Porif...

journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution

authors： Watkins RF,Beckenbach AT

更新日期：1999-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mutational bias toward expansion or contraction of simple sequence repeats (SSRs) is referred to as directionality of SSR evolution. In this communication, we report the mutational bias exhibited by mononucleotide SSRs occurring in the non-coding regions of several prokaryotic genomes. Our investigations revealed that...

journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution

authors： Kumar P,Nagarajaram HA

更新日期：2012-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The gene content of a mitochondrial (mt) genome, i.e., 37 genes and a large noncoding region (LNR), is usually conserved in Metazoa. The arrangement of these genes and the LNR is generally conserved at low taxonomic levels but varies substantially at high levels. We report here a variation in mt gene content and gene ...

journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution

authors： Shao R,Barker SC,Mitani H,Takahashi M,Fukunaga M

更新日期：2006-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Quantitative immunological comparisons of three avian proteins, transferrin, ovalbumin, and penalbumin, indicate that penguins are phylogenetically most closely related to loons, albatrosses, herons, and grebes. These data support the theory that the ancestors of penguins were flying oceanic birds and that flightlessn...

journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution

authors： Ho CY,Prager EM,Wilson AC,Osuga DT,Feeney RE

更新日期：1976-10-27 00:00:00

abstract：:There has been considerable discussion in recent years on the evolution of the tandemly repeated multigene families, since some organisms show a concerted model whereas others show a birth-and-death model. This controversial subject extends to several species of fish. In this study, three species of the Sparidae famil...

journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution

authors： Merlo MA,Cross I,Manchado M,Cárdenas S,Rebordinos L

更新日期：2013-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:It has been suggested that inorganic membranes were forerunners of organic membranes at the origin of life. Such membranes, interposed between alkaline fluid in submarine vents and the more acidic Hadean ocean, were thought to house inorganic molecular machines. H+ flowed down the pH gradient (ΔpH) from ocean to vent ...

journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution

authors： Jackson JB

更新日期：2017-08-01 00:00:00