Abstract：
:Evolutionary divergence times can be inferred from molecular distances if a molecular clock can be assumed and if the substitution rate can be estimated. We present new evidence from relative rate tests that the rate of substitution at fourfold degenerate sites of nuclear genome-coding DNA is uniform in primate and rodent lineages. We also review recent relative rate test results showing substitution rate uniformity in the nuclear genome of simian primates. DNA distances between a range of mammalian taxa shows that a molecular clock is inconsistent with many assumed divergence times irrespective of the assumed substitution rate. We find that the substitution rate that implies the best compromise fit with divergence times across the range of taxa is 2.0-2.25 x 10(-9). This range of substitution rates implies a divergence time of humans and chimpanzees of 4.0-3.6 million years ago. This postdates the occurrence of Ardipithecus ramidus and the earliest occurrence of Australopithecus afarensis, suggesting that the common ancestor of humans and chimpanzees was bipedal and that the trait has been lost in chimpanzees rather than gained in humans.
journal_name
J Mol Evoljournal_title
Journal of molecular evolutionauthors
Easteal S,Herbert Gdoi
10.1007/pl00000066subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1997-01-01 00:00:00pages
S121-32eissn
0022-2844issn
1432-1432journal_volume
44 Suppl 1pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Analysis of occurrence of simple amino acid repeats in large ensemble of prokaryotic and eukaryotic sequences reveals that nearly all amino acids found in the repeats belong to those which have in their codon repertoires aggressively expanding triplets, all of three known pathologically expanding classes GCU (GCU, CUG...
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journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
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doi：10.1007/BF02603073
更新日期：1989-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Pituitary prolactin, like growth hormone (GH) and several other protein hormones, shows an episodic pattern of molecular evolution in which sustained bursts of rapid change contrast with long periods of slow evolution. A period of rapid change occurred in the evolution of prolactin in primates, leading to marked seque...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
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doi：10.1007/s00239-004-0239-9
更新日期：2005-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 评论,杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02101285
更新日期：1991-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00239-008-9165-6
更新日期：2008-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
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journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
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journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
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doi：10.1007/s00239-006-0259-8
更新日期：2007-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
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更新日期：1998-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02099959
更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF01732473
更新日期：1976-03-29 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00239-001-0049-2
更新日期：2002-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
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pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2001-10-01 00:00:00
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doi：10.1007/BF01732868
更新日期：1979-07-18 00:00:00
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更新日期：2000-04-01 00:00:00
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更新日期：1989-09-01 00:00:00
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更新日期：1980-08-01 00:00:00
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更新日期：1995-06-01 00:00:00
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更新日期：1996-04-01 00:00:00
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更新日期：2011-10-01 00:00:00
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更新日期：1993-03-01 00:00:00
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更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
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更新日期：2006-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
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更新日期：1999-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Eight new examples of retrotransposons of the Gypsy/Ty3 class have been identified in marine species. A 525-nt pol gene-coding region was amplified using degenerate primers from highly conserved regions and has extended the range of recognition of Gypsy/Ty3 far beyond those previously known. The following matrix shows...
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pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：1995-01-01 00:00:00
