Abstract:
:Sequence data from regions of five vertebrate vitellogenin genes were used to examine the frequency, distribution, and mutability of the dinucleotide CpG, the preferred modification site for eukaryotic DNA methyltransferases. The observed level of the CpG dinucleotide in all five genes was markedly lower than that expected from the known mononucleotide frequencies. CpG suppression was greater in introns than in exons. CpG-containing codons were found to be avoided in the vitellogenin genes, but not completely despite the redundancy of the genetic code. Frequency and distribution patterns of this dinucleotide varied dramatically among these otherwise closely related genes. Dense clusters of CpG dinucleotides tended to appear in regions of either functional or structural interest (e.g., in the transposon-like Vi-element of Xenopus) and these clusters contained 5-methylcytosine (5 mC). 5 mC is known to undergo deamination to form thymidine, but the extent to which this transition occurs in the heavily methylated genomes of vertebrates and its contribution to CpG suppression are still unclear. Sequence comparison of the methylated vitellogenin gene regions identified C----T and G----A substitutions that were found to occur at relatively high frequencies. The predicted products of CpG deamination, TpG and CpA, were elevated. These findings are consistent with the view that CpG distribution and methylation are interdependent and that deamination of 5 mC plays an important role in promoting evolutionary change at the nucleotide sequence level.
journal_name
J Mol Evoljournal_title
Journal of molecular evolutionauthors
Cooper DN,Gerber-Huber S,Nardelli D,Schubiger JL,Wahli Wdoi
10.1007/BF02101752subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1987-01-01 00:00:00pages
107-15issue
2eissn
0022-2844issn
1432-1432journal_volume
25pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Single-fly polymerase chain reaction amplification and direct DNA sequencing revealed high levels of length polymorphism in the threonine-glycine encoding repeat region of the period (per) gene in natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster. DNA comparison of two alleles of identical lengths gave a high number of s...
journal_title:Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF02342746
更新日期:1991-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s002390010139
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更新日期:1996-12-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF02102477
更新日期:1989-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF02102804
更新日期:1991-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of molecular evolution
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doi:10.1007/pl00006416
更新日期:1998-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/pl00006391
更新日期:1998-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00239-016-9735-y
更新日期:2016-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s002390010197
更新日期:2001-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sequences from nuclear mitochondrial pseudogenes (numts) that originated by transfer of genetic information from mitochondria to the nucleus offer a unique opportunity to compare different regimes of molecular evolution. Analyzing a 1621-nt-long numt of the rRNA specifying mitochondrial DNA residing on human chromosom...
journal_title:Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00239-004-0293-3
更新日期:2005-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00239-008-9113-5
更新日期:2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Polymerization of various nucleoside-5'-phosphorimidazolides has been conducted in neutral aqueous solution using divalent metal ions as catalysts. Oligonucleotide formation took place from each of the ribonucleoside-5'-phosphorimidazolides, ImpC, ImpU, ImpA, ImpG, and ImpI. The yields and distributions of the resulti...
journal_title:Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF02100072
更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s002390010129
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/pl00006366
更新日期:1998-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Exon-shuffling is an important mechanism accounting for the origin of many new proteins in eukaryotes. However, its role in the creation of proteins in the ancestor of prokaryotes and eukaryotes is still debatable. Excess of symmetric exons is thought to represent evidence for exon-shuffling since the exchange of exon...
journal_title:Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00239-004-0318-y
更新日期:2005-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00239-008-9165-6
更新日期:2008-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/pl00006427
更新日期:1998-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of molecular evolution
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更新日期:1994-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of molecular evolution
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journal_title:Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:1995-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/pl00006368
更新日期:1998-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Copia is a retrotransposon that appears to be distributed widely among the Drosophilidae subfamily. Evolutionary analyses of regulatory regions have indicated that the Copia retrotransposon evolved through both positive and purifying selection, and that horizontal transfer (HT) could also explain its patchy distributi...
journal_title:Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00239-011-9435-6
更新日期:2011-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF01738882
更新日期:1976-06-23 00:00:00
abstract::We have identified and completely sequenced a novel plasmid isolated from the aphid Rhopalosiphum padi. Evidence which suggests that the plasmid occurs localized within the bacterial endosymbionts is presented. The plasmid contains the four genes that constitute the entire leucine operon. This fact makes it really uni...
journal_title:Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00174042
更新日期:1995-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::We described previously a family of dispersed palindromic sequences highly repeated in Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium genomes. These sequences, called PU (palindromic units), are located outside structural genes. We report here observations suggesting that PU may have a role in bacterial speciation. ...
journal_title:Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF02603122
更新日期:1987-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF02099998
更新日期:1990-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2015-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00239-003-2563-x
更新日期:2004-04-01 00:00:00