Myocardial fibrosis in congenital and pediatric heart disease.

Abstract:

:Cardiac fibrosis is a common phenomenon in different types of heart diseases, such as ischemic heart disease, inherited cardiomyopathy mutations, diabetes, and ageing and is associated with morbidity and mortality. Increased accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) that impacts cardiac function, is the underlying cause of fibrotic heart disease. There are four different types of cardiac fibrosis, including, reactive interstitial fibrosis, replacement fibrosis, infiltrative interstitial fibrosis and endomyocardial fibrosis. They are involved in the activation and transformation of cardiac fibroblasts to myofibroblasts, which participate in ECM production and fibrotic process and several inflammatory pathways. Besides the ECM proteins, myofibroblasts also express smooth muscle α-actin, SM22 and caldesmon and other markers related to fibrotic process. Most commonly employed techniques to assess myocardial fibrosis include stress echocardiography, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography. Because of the involvement of renin-angiotensin-II-aldosterone system, transforming growth factor-β signaling and activin-linked kinase 5 in the mechanisms of cardiac fibrosis, these pathways and the involved proteins are useful as therapeutic targets. However, because of the importance of these pathways in many other physiological functions, their therapeutic targeting needs to be approached with caution.

journal_name

Exp Ther Med

authors

Tian J,An X,Niu L

doi

10.3892/etm.2017.4224

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2017-05-01 00:00:00

pages

1660-1664

issue

5

eissn

1792-0981

issn

1792-1015

pii

ETM-0-0-4224

journal_volume

13

pub_type

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