Abstract:
:Pro-Leu-Gly-NH2 (MIF) and several structural analogues, all injected in 50-microgram doses daily in mice receiving morphine chronically, were found to prevent development of physical dependence as measured by changes in body temperature associated with naloxone-induced withdrawal. Dose-response studies, using again a protocol of daily injections of peptide at 50, 5, 0.5, 0.05, 0.005 microgram per mouse revealed MIF and cyclo(Leu-Gly) to be the most potent peptides and to be effective in blocking physical dependence to morphine at a dose as low as 0.5 and 0.05 microgram per mouse, respectively. The benzyloxycarbonyl derivative of MIF, Pro-Leu, and Pro- -Leu exhibited significant activities down to a dose of 5 microgram of peptide per mouse.
journal_name
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S Aauthors
Walter R,Ritzmann RF,Bhargava HN,Flexner LBdoi
10.1073/pnas.76.1.518subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1979-01-01 00:00:00pages
518-20issue
1eissn
0027-8424issn
1091-6490journal_volume
76pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Transcriptional repression via methylation of histone H3 lysine 27 (H3K27) by the polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) is conserved in higher eukaryotes. The Arabidopsis PRC2 controls homeotic gene expression, flowering time, and gene imprinting. Although downstream target genes and the regulatory mechanism of PRC2 ar...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1104232108
更新日期:2011-05-10 00:00:00
abstract::Stable structures of icosahedral symmetry can serve numerous functional roles, including chemical microencapsulation and delivery of drugs and biomolecules, epitope presentation to allow for an efficient immunization process, synthesis of nanoparticles of uniform size, observation of encapsulated reactive intermediate...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0709489104
更新日期:2007-12-26 00:00:00
abstract::Yeast RNA polymerase II initiation factor e was purified to homogeneity and identified by biochemical criteria as the counterpart of human transcription factor IIB. Factor e was essential for initiation of transcription from yeast and mammalian promoters in a reconstituted yeast transcription system. Activity resided ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.89.23.11292
更新日期:1992-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::High titered IgE, IgG, and IgM antibody responses to the major antigenic determinant of penicillin, the benzylpenicilloyl hapten, were elicited by the intraperitoneal injection of the hapten coupled to keyhole limpet hemocyanin mixed with the appropriate adjuvant. However, treatment of such mice with the benzylpenicil...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.73.6.2091
更新日期:1976-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Phagocytic cells are a critical line of defense against infection. The ability of a pathogen to survive and even replicate within phagocytic cells is a potent method of evading the defense mechanisms of the host. A number of pathogens survive within macrophages after phagocytosis and this contributes to their virulenc...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.93.9.4197
更新日期:1996-04-30 00:00:00
abstract::Surface Ig (sIg) of follicular lymphoma (FL) is vital for tumor cell survival. We found previously that the Ig in FL is unusual, because the variable region genes carry sequence motifs for N-glycan addition. These are introduced by somatic mutation and are tumor specific. Unexpectedly, added glycans terminate at high ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1009388107
更新日期:2010-10-26 00:00:00
abstract::Mutants of Arabidopsis that contain reduced levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids showed growth characteristics at 22 degrees C that were very similar to wild type. By contrast, at 12 degrees C, the mutants failed to undergo stem elongation during reproductive growth although they produced normal flowers and fertile s...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.90.13.6208
更新日期:1993-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although some important advances in the modeling of sorption and hygrothermal deformations of nanoporous materials such as hydrated cement paste, shale, coal, and some other rocks and soils have already been made, a comprehensive nanoporomechanics theory remains elusive. Here we strive to formulate it based on Gibb's ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1919337117
更新日期:2020-02-18 00:00:00
abstract::Type IV pili are thin filaments that extend from the poles of a diverse group of bacteria, enabling them to move at speeds of a few tenths of a micrometer per second. They are required for twitching motility, e.g., in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and for social gliding motility in Myxococcus xanth...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.121171698
更新日期:2001-06-05 00:00:00
abstract::Maleyl bovine plasma albumin competed on an equimolar basis with malondialdehyde low density lipoprotein (LDL) in suppressing the lysosomal hydrolysis of 125I-labeled malondialdehyde LDL mediated by the scavenger receptor of human monocyte macrophages. Maleyl bovine plasma albumin, in which 94% of the amino groups wer...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.82.9.2693
更新日期:1985-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::These experiments investigate the capacity of thalamic and cortical structures in a sensory system to process information of a modality normally associated with another system. Retinal ganglion cells in newborn Syrian hamsters were made to project permanently to the main thalamic somatosensory (ventrobasal) nucleus. W...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.86.1.357
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sustained activity of mammalian methionine synthase (MS) requires MS reductase (MSR), but there have been few studies of the interactions between these two proteins. In this study, recombinant human MS (hMS) and MSR (hMSR) were expressed in baculovirus-infected insect cells and purified to homogeneity. hMSR maintained...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0603694103
更新日期:2006-06-20 00:00:00
abstract::H-2M3 encodes HMT, the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I heavy chain of the maternally transmitted antigen (Mta). Like classical MHC class I genes, the expression of M3 can be stimulated by gamma-interferon and its message can be detected from mid-gestational embryos (day 8) through adulthood. HMTb, a non...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.90.7.2784
更新日期:1993-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::A single catalytic site model is proposed to account for the multiphasic kinetics of oxidation of ferrocytochrome c by cytochrome c oxidase (ferrocytochrome c:oxygen oxidoreductase, EC 1.9.3.1). This model involves nonproductive binding of substrate to sites near the catalytic site on cytochrome c oxidase for cytochro...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.81.2.347
更新日期:1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The protooncogene c-fps/fes is a single vertebrate locus homologous to both the fps transforming gene of Fujinami avian sarcoma virus and the fes transforming gene of two feline sarcoma virus isolates. The human c-fps/fes locus has been previously cloned and characterized. We report that a recombinant gene in which 3'...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.81.10.3039
更新日期:1984-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pleistocene residential sites with multiple contemporaneous human burials are extremely rare in the Americas. We report mitochondrial genomic variation in the first multiple mitochondrial genomes from a single prehistoric population: two infant burials (USR1 and USR2) from a common interment at the Upward Sun River Si...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1511903112
更新日期:2015-11-10 00:00:00
abstract::An approximately decadal periodicity in surface air temperature is discernable in global observations from A.D. 1855 to 1900 and since A.D. 1945, but with a periodicity of only about 6 years during the intervening period. Changes in solar irradiance related to the sunspot cycle have been proposed to account for the fo...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.94.16.8321
更新日期:1997-08-05 00:00:00
abstract::The WWOX gene is a recently cloned tumor suppressor gene that spans the FRA16D fragile region. Wwox protein contains two WW domains that are generally known to mediate protein-protein interaction. Here we show that Wwox physically interacts via its first WW domain with the p53 homolog, p73. The tyrosine kinase, Src, p...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0400805101
更新日期:2004-03-30 00:00:00
abstract::It has been controversial whether the cytochrome oxidase (CO)-dense blobs in primate primary visual cortex (V1) and CO-dense thin stripes in visual area 2 (V2) are parts of a cortical color-processing stream that is segregated from other functional streams. One of the key pieces of evidence for the segregated color st...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0402052101
更新日期:2004-05-04 00:00:00
abstract::As a first step in assessing the efficacy of a gene transfer approach to the induction of transplantation tolerance in our miniature swine model, double-copy retroviral vectors engineered to express a drug-resistance marker (neomycin) and a swine class II DRB cDNA were constructed. Infectious particles containing thes...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.88.21.9760
更新日期:1991-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The guanidinium group of arginine-166 has been postulated to act as an electrophilic species during phosphorylation of alkaline phosphatase. Its role could be either to stabilize the developing negative charge on the oxygen of the leaving group or the pentacoordinate transition state or to help bind the -PO2-3 group. ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.85.12.4276
更新日期:1988-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::We review a program of research that uses neuroimaging techniques to determine the functional and neural architecture of human working memory. A first set of studies indicates that verbal working memory includes a storage component, which is implemented neurally by areas in the left-hemisphere posterior parietal corte...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1073/pnas.95.20.12061
更新日期:1998-09-29 00:00:00
abstract::Metagenomics is expanding our knowledge of the gene content, functional significance, and genetic variability in natural microbial communities. Still, there exists limited information concerning the regulation and dynamics of genes in the environment. We report here global analysis of expressed genes in a naturally oc...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0708897105
更新日期:2008-03-11 00:00:00
abstract::Probasin, a rat prostatic protein, is statistically related to members of a protein family that includes serum, cellular, and nuclear proteins. In vivo, probasin appears both in the secretions and in the nucleus of prostatic epithelial cells. Using primer extension and S1 nuclease protection assays we detected only on...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.86.20.7843
更新日期:1989-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) viral DNA synthesis in quiescent and activated peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) was studied. Incomplete viral DNA (previously demonstrated to be associated with HIV-1 virions) is carried by HIV-1 virions into quiescent and activated PBLs, contributing to the formation of ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.90.19.8925
更新日期:1993-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Peptide nucleic acid (PNA) is a DNA mimic that has shown considerable promise as a lead compound for developing gene therapeutic drugs. We report that PNAs targeted to functional and accessible sites in ribosomal RNA can inhibit translation in an Escherichia coli cell-free transcription/translation system, with 50% re...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.95.5.2073
更新日期:1998-03-03 00:00:00
abstract::Bacteriophage lambda encodes a number of genes involved in the recombinational repair of DNA double-strand breaks. The product of one of these genes, rap, has been purified. Truncated Rap proteins that copurify with the full-length form are derived, at least in part, from a rho-dependent transcription terminator locat...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.95.23.13507
更新日期:1998-11-10 00:00:00
abstract::A vitamin D(3) metabolite in intestine more polar than 25-hydroxy-vitamin D(3)(25-OH D(3)) has been detected by countercurrent distribution. The intestinal metabolite is found also after administration of labeled hydroxy D(3), indicating that it arises from vitamin D(3) via the intermediate 25-hydroxy derivative. The ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.68.1.177
更新日期:1971-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Osmotic homeostasis in the brain involves movement of water through aquaporin-4 (AQP4) membrane channels. Perivascular astrocyte end-feet contain distinctive orthogonal lattices (square arrays) assembled from 4- to 6-nm intramembrane particles (IMPs) corresponding to individual AQP4 tetramers. Two isoforms of AQP4 res...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.2235843100
更新日期:2003-11-11 00:00:00
abstract::Although malignant astrocytomas are a leading cause of cancer-related death in children, rational therapeutic strategies are lacking. We previously identified activating mutations of v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1 (BRAF) (BRAF(T1799A) encoding BRAF(V600E)) in association with homozygous cyclin-dependen...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1117255109
更新日期:2012-05-29 00:00:00