Abstract：
:Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia in humans. One of its important features is the tendency to become more persistent over time, even in the absence of underlying progressive heart disease. Conversion and maintenance of sinus rhythm by pharmacological or electrical methods become increasingly difficult the longer the arrhythmia persists. Electrical, mechanical, structural, and autonomic remodeling processes have been implicated in the mechanisms of AF initiation, perpetuation, and progression. Prevention or reversal of these remodeling processes can halt the progression of the disease. Cardioversion is a powerful tool and rhythm control is a widely used strategy in the management of AF. However, important questions remain unanswered regarding not only if, but also when to perform cardioversion. There are observations from past trials and clinical situations that support attempting to restore sinus rhythm, but further prospective randomized clinical trials are needed. Optimal timing of cardioversion remains somewhat uncertain, but it appears to be some time after the first few hours and before the first few months: the earlier, the better, but not always, and maybe not immediately, and it has to be tailored to the clinical situation and its many variables. This review is intended to summarize the evidence supporting early intervention for the prevention of remodeling in patients with AF.
journal_name
Curr Atheroscler Repjournal_title
Current atherosclerosis reportsauthors
Piña PG,Chicos ABdoi
10.1007/s11883-017-0638-1subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2017-01-01 00:00:00pages
3issue
1eissn
1523-3804issn
1534-6242pii
10.1007/s11883-017-0638-1journal_volume
19pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors or "statin" medications are the most commonly prescribed therapy for lowering cholesterol. In use for over a decade, they have demonstrated both safety and tolerability across a broad range of patients. The ability to inhibit the biosynthesis of cholesterol an...
journal_title：Current atherosclerosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11883-005-0073-6
更新日期：2005-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Angioplasty and stenting for intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (ICAS) are a last resort for patients with high-grade intracranial stenosis with multiple ischemic events unresponsive to medical therapy. Medical management, consisting of aggressive risk factor control and dual antiplatelet therapy, is superior to an...
journal_title：Current atherosclerosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11883-015-0527-4
更新日期：2015-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The rates of cardiovascular disease (CVD) have decreased significantly for men over the past few decades, but similar reductions have not occurred in women. Consequently, CVD remains the leading killer of women in the United States. Men usually develop heart disease earlier than women, but women develop heart disease ...
journal_title：Current atherosclerosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11883-008-0046-7
更新日期：2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recently reported clinical trials raise doubts on the effectiveness of nonstatin lipid-lowering therapies in reducing the residual risk of cardiovascular events after statin monotherapy. Addition of -torcetrapib to statin therapy increased overall mortality in coronary patients despite a marked increase in high-densit...
journal_title：Current atherosclerosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11883-009-0010-1
更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Pharmacotherapies with agents that inhibit platelet function have proven to be effective in the treatment of acute coronary syndromes, and in the prevention of complications during and after percutaneous coronary intervention. Because of multiple synergetic pathways of platelet activation and their close interplay wit...
journal_title：Current atherosclerosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11883-013-0371-3
更新日期：2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Serum cholesterol traditionally has been considered a poor predictor of total stroke risk; however, it is associated positively with ischemic stroke risk and associated negatively with hemorrhagic stroke risk. Although studies failed to demonstrate stroke reduction using older cholesterol-lowering medications, recent ...
journal_title：Current atherosclerosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11883-000-0101-5
更新日期：2000-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:For over 20 years, the Women's Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation (WISE), a program sponsored by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, has explored diverse and important aspects of ischemic heart disease in women. RECENT FINDINGS:Women with symptoms and signs of ischemia but no significant epicard...
journal_title：Current atherosclerosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11883-020-00852-w
更新日期：2020-06-18 00:00:00
abstract：:Since the dawn of civilization, carbohydrate has comprised the largest source of energy in the diet for most populations. The source of the carbohydrate has been from plants in the form of complex carbohydrate high in fiber. Only in affluent cultures has sugar contributed so much of the total energy. When carbohydrate...
journal_title：Current atherosclerosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11883-005-0059-4
更新日期：2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:There is now a consensus about recommending the Mediterranean diet pattern for the prevention of coronary heart disease (CHD) and cancer. The most important aspect of this treatment decision, in contrast with the pharmacologic prevention of CHD (including cholesterol lowering), is that the Mediterranean diet has a str...
journal_title：Current atherosclerosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11883-008-0080-5
更新日期：2008-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The purpose is to review evidence on cardiovascular risks and benefits of new treatments for type 2 diabetes mellitus. RECENT FINDINGS:In response to guidance issued by the Food and Drug Administration, thousands of patients have been enrolled in large randomized trials evaluating the cardiovascular ...
journal_title：Current atherosclerosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11883-016-0633-y
更新日期：2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The High-Risk Plaque (HRP) Initiative is a research and development effort to advance the understanding, recognition, and management of asymptomatic individuals at risk for a near-term atherothrombotic event such as myocardial infarction or stroke. Clinical studies using the newest technologies have been initiated, in...
journal_title：Current atherosclerosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/s11883-011-0193-0
更新日期：2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:With ever increasing sophistication in molecular biological approaches, the low-density lipoprotein receptor supergene family continues to grow rapidly. From the well-defined key role of these receptors in lipoprotein metabolism, the new members move the field into many different and diverse physiologic and developmen...
journal_title：Current atherosclerosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11883-999-0007-9
更新日期：1999-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A recently developed assay for quantification of remnant-like particle cholesterol has provided considerable evidence that reinforces the concept that elevated levels of plasma remnants are associated with increased cardiovascular disease in different populations and distinct patient groups. In this review, we provide...
journal_title：Current atherosclerosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11883-005-0037-x
更新日期：2005-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Few principles in medicine today are as well accepted as the benefits of using statins to reduce cardiovascular risk factors and to prevent cardiovascular disease. The recent withdrawal of a statin (cerivastatin) has lead to a re-examination of all statins, and an attempt to better assess the risk-benefit ratio of thi...
journal_title：Current atherosclerosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11883-002-0060-0
更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Several studies confirm cognitive impairment and dementia to be increased after stroke in the elderly. Although not necessarily involving memory deficits, the frequency of cognitive impairments may occur in up to 30% of stroke survivors at 3 months. This impairment may be confounded by preexisting cognitive decline or...
journal_title：Current atherosclerosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11883-001-0028-5
更新日期：2001-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:This review aims to explore the relationship between AF and carotid atherosclerosis, and the impact on the outcomes of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events. Also, our aim is to critically review current knowledge and delineate future directions for effective treatment or prevention as well as str...
journal_title：Current atherosclerosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11883-019-0808-4
更新日期：2019-11-29 00:00:00
abstract：:More than half of the men and women in the United States are overweight or obese. Obesity is associated with an increased risk for various diseases, most notably, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and coronary heart disease (CHD). The location of excessive body fat, particularly in the visceral area, has ...
journal_title：Current atherosclerosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11883-000-0065-5
更新日期：2000-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:At a time when the lipid management guidelines give more and more emphasis to the identification and treatment of high-risk patients with the metabolic syndrome and diabetes, there is an obvious need to balance the known effects of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) lowering with the new evidence of clinical efficacy deriv...
journal_title：Current atherosclerosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11883-004-0104-8
更新日期：2004-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Atherosclerosis remains the major cause of morbidity and mortality in Western countries. Atherothrombotic complications, including vascular occlusions and severe narrowing of nutrient blood vessels in the cerebral, coronary, or peripheral circulation, usually require invasive revascularization strategies. As molecular...
journal_title：Current atherosclerosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11883-003-0022-1
更新日期：2003-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Aspirin remains one of the most extensively studied cardiovascular medications in the history of medicine. However, despite multiple, well-designed, large randomized controlled trials evaluating the potential of aspirin to prevent cardiovascular events in individuals without known cardiovascular disease (CVD), the rol...
journal_title：Current atherosclerosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11883-015-0555-0
更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Coronary artery no-reflow phenomenon is an incidental outcome of percutaneous coronary intervention in patients presenting with acute myocardial infarction. Despite advances in pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic therapies, coronary no-reflow phenomenon occurs more commonly than desired. It often resu...
journal_title：Current atherosclerosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11883-018-0747-5
更新日期：2018-07-05 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Mutations in both nuclear and mitochondrial genes are associated with the development of atherosclerotic lesions in arteries and may provide a partial explanation to the focal nature of lesion distribution in the arterial wall. This review is aimed to discuss the genetic aspects of atherogenesis with ...
journal_title：Current atherosclerosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11883-020-00873-5
更新日期：2020-08-09 00:00:00
abstract：:Inflammation and oxidative processes are key components of atherosclerosis, from fatty streak formation to plaque rupture and thrombosis. Recent basic and clinical studies have identified a number of inflammatory and oxidative processes that appear to play a direct role in atherothrombosis and identify potentially cli...
journal_title：Current atherosclerosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11883-004-0038-1
更新日期：2004-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:There is a growing interest in determining the genetic predictors of plasma lipid response to diet intervention. Several candidate gene loci, namely, apolipoprotein (APO) A1, APOA4, APOC3, APOB, APOE, CETP, LPL, and FABP2, have been shown to explain a significant, but still rather small, proportion of the interindivid...
journal_title：Current atherosclerosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11883-999-0032-8
更新日期：1999-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The cardioprotective effects of omega-3 fatty acids (n-3 FAs) are well known, but the role that the n-6 FAs play in coronary heart disease is unclear. These two classes of essential FAs compete for a number of enzyme systems, and their metabolites can powerfully influence (often in different directions) inflammatory r...
journal_title：Current atherosclerosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11883-006-0019-7
更新日期：2006-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Approximately one third of ischemic strokes are labeled cryptogenic because the etiology is unknown despite a thorough evaluation. Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation carries the same risk of ischemic stroke as persistent atrial fibrillation and has increasingly gained attention as a potential source of cryptogenic stroke....
journal_title：Current atherosclerosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11883-015-0547-0
更新日期：2015-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Eicosanoids, including epoxyeicosatrienoic acids, hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids, and other oxylipins derived from polyunsaturated fatty acids, have emerging roles in endothelial inflammation and subsequent atherosclerosis. Unlike eicosanoids in the prostanoid series, they are known to be esterified in cell lipids such...
journal_title：Current atherosclerosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11883-009-0061-3
更新日期：2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Stroke is a common and disabling condition. Intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) administered within 3 h of symptom onset is the standard therapy for eligible patients with acute ischemic stroke. Unfortunately, because of the time limitation, very few patients with ischemic stroke actually receive this treat...
journal_title：Current atherosclerosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11883-010-0121-8
更新日期：2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Platelets are critical modulators of atherothrombotic events. In the acute setting, platelets are activated and aggregate on the surface of atherosclerotic plaque that has ruptured, fissured, or developed erosions. The overlying thrombus leads to sudden development of arterial luminal obstruction, inducing ischemia an...
journal_title：Current atherosclerosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11883-009-0055-1
更新日期：2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Lipodystrophies are a group of heterogeneous diseases characterized by the loss of adipose tissue and by abnormalities of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, including insulin resistance, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia. In this review, we describe several mouse models that recapitulate various aspects of the lipodystroph...
journal_title：Current atherosclerosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11883-000-0077-1
更新日期：2000-09-01 00:00:00
