Abstract:
:Best interests decision-making and end-of-life care for patients in permanent vegetative or minimally conscious states (VS/MCS) is a complex area of clinical and legal practice, which is poorly understood by most clinicians, lawyers and members of the public. In recent weeks, the Oxford Shrieval lecture by Mr Justice Baker ('A Matter of Life and Death', 11 October 2016) and its subsequent reporting in the public press has sparked debate on the respective roles of clinicians, the Court of Protection and the Mental Capacity Act 2005 in decisions to withhold or withdraw life-sustaining treatments from patients with disorders of consciousness. The debate became polarised and confused by misquotation and inaccurate terminology, and highlighted a lack of knowledge about how patients in VS/MCS die in the absence of court approval. This article sets out the background and discussion and attempts to give a more accurate representation of the facts. In the spirit of transparency, I present a mortality review of all the patients in VS/MCS who have died under the care of my own unit in the last decade-with or without referral to the court, but always in accordance with the law. These data demonstrate that clinicians regularly undertake best interests decision-making in conjunction with families that may include life and death decisions (sometimes even the withdrawal or withholding of clinically assisted nutrition and hydration); and that these can be made within the current legal framework without necessarily involving the court in all cases. This is the first published case series of its kind.
journal_name
J Med Ethicsjournal_title
Journal of medical ethicsauthors
Turner-Stokes Ldoi
10.1136/medethics-2016-104057subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2017-07-01 00:00:00pages
469-475issue
7eissn
0306-6800issn
1473-4257pii
medethics-2016-104057journal_volume
43pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Last year in June, British doctors went on strike for the first time since 1975. Amidst a global economic downturn and with many health systems struggling with reduced finances, around the world the issue of public health workers going on strike is a very real one. Almost all doctors will agree that we should always f...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/medethics-2013-101397
更新日期:2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::This is the first contribution to a new JME column, "At the coalface," to which readers are invited to relate ethical problems they have encountered in their work. An adolescent patient requested that the author, a general practitioner, certify that he was medically fit to box. Toon attempted to dissuade him from bo...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.14.2.69
更新日期:1988-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Clinicians' work depends on sincere and complete disclosures from their patients; they honour this candidness by confidentially safeguarding the information received. Breaching confidentiality causes harms that are not commensurable with the possible benefits gained. Limitations or exceptions put on confidentiality wo...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.12.3.117
更新日期:1986-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The right not to know is underappreciated in policy-making. Despite its articulation in medical law and ethics, policy-makers too easily let other concerns override the right not to know. This observation is triggered by a recent decision of the Dutch government on embryo selection for Huntington's disease. This is a ...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.2009.031047
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To demonstrate Japanese doctors' and nurses' attitudes towards and practices of voluntary euthanasia (VE) and to compare their attitudes and practices in this regard. DESIGN:Postal survey, conducted between October and December 1999, using a self-administered questionnaire. PARTCIPANTS: All doctor members an...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.27.5.324
更新日期:2001-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Most moral dilemmas in medicine are analysed using the four principles with some consideration of consequentialism but these frameworks have limitations. It is not always clear how to judge which consequences are best. When principles conflict it is not always easy to decide which should dominate. They also do not tak...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.29.5.297
更新日期:2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::In their paper 'The "serious" factor in germline modification', Kleiderman, Ravitsky and Knoppers rightly highlight the ambiguity in the oft-utilised term 'serious' in legal discussions of human germline genome modification.1 They suggest interpretation of this term may benefit from a framework based on human rights r...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1136/medethics-2019-105764
更新日期:2020-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The issue of the allocation of resources in health care is here to stay. The goal of this study was to explore the views of physicians on several topics that have arisen in the debate on the allocation of scarce resources and to compare these with the views of policy makers. We asked physicians (oncologists, cardiolog...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.2003.003681
更新日期:2004-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bioconservative commentators argue that parents should not take steps to modify the genetics of their children even in the name of enhancement because of the damage they predict for values, identities and relationships. Some commentators have even said that adults should not modify themselves through genetic intervent...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/medethics-2012-101026
更新日期:2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The advent of prenatal genetic diagnosis has sparked debates among ethicists and philosophers regarding parental responsibility towards potential offspring. Some have attempted to place moral obligations on parents to not bring about children with certain diseases in order to prevent harm to such children. There has b...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.2010.039230
更新日期:2011-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.2010.036293
更新日期:2011-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Until recently, moral case deliberation (MCD) sessions have mostly been facilitated by external experts, mainly professional ethicists. We have developed a train the facilitator programme for healthcare professionals aimed at providing them with the competences needed for being an MCD facilitator. In this paper, we pr...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1136/medethics-2012-100546
更新日期:2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Brisbane Supreme Court has denied an Australian woman's request to harvest and freeze her dead fiancé's sperm for future impregnation. After she was denied access to the sperm, the woman learnt that her fiancé may have been a sperm donor and she began checking to find out if his sperm was still available. Given wh...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.2003.004432
更新日期:2004-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Conflict is an important consideration in the intensive care unit (ICU). In this setting, conflict most commonly occurs over the 'best interests' of the incapacitated adult patient; for instance, when families seek aggressive life-sustaining treatments, which are thought by the medical team to be potentially inappropr...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/medethics-2020-106177
更新日期:2020-07-06 00:00:00
abstract::Direct-to-consumer genetic testing is a growing phenomenon, fuelled by the notion that knowledge equals control. One ethical question that arises concerns the proband's duty to share information indicating genetic risks in their relatives. However, such duties are unenforceable and may result in the realisation of ant...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/medethics-2020-106966
更新日期:2020-12-09 00:00:00
abstract::It has been suggested that future application of stem-cell derived gametes (SCD-gametes) might lead to the possibility for same-sex couples to have genetically related children. Still, for this to become possible, the technique of gamete derivation and techniques of reprogramming somatic cells to a pluripotent state (...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/medethics-2016-103863
更新日期:2017-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To study the preferences of patients for information related to elective procedures. METHODS:A survey was carried out using a sample of 187 women. The majority of whom were on a low-income, who obtained obstetric or gynaecological services at St Joseph Regional Medical Center in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, while t...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.2005.014274
更新日期:2006-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Misattributed paternity or 'false' paternity is when a man is wrongly thought, by himself and possibly by others, to be the biological father of a child. Nowadays, because of the progression of genetics and genomics the possibility of finding misattributed paternity during familial genetic testing has increased. In co...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/medethics-2012-101062
更新日期:2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Informed consent and protection of patient confidentiality are central to the conduction of clinical research. Consent for chart review and contact (CCRC) allows a patient chart to be screened for research by persons outside the direct circle-of-care and for the patient to be contacted regarding potential stu...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/medethics-2013-101765
更新日期:2015-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper summarises the features of my paper, 'Voluntary Active Euthanasia', and a later jointly authored paper, 'Moral Fictions', which I believe are examples of good medical ethics. ...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/medethics-2014-102293
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::It is a common feature of debates on the regulation of reproductive medicine to find law portrayed as a crude form of intervention consisting in the imposition of inflexible rules on doctors and medical researchers. This paper argues that this view must be replaced by a more accurate assessment of the law's potential ...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.16.1.35
更新日期:1990-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Does the position of the Roman Catholic Church on contraception also imply that the usage of condoms by HIV-discordant couples is illicit? A standard argument is to appeal to the doctrine of double effect to condone such usage, but this meets with the objection that there exists an alternative action that brings about...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.2009.030767
更新日期:2009-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.2004.008292
更新日期:2005-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/medethics-2015-103045
更新日期:2017-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:This article describes a method for investigating attitudes towards prioritisation in medicine. SETTING:University of Kuopio, Finland. DESIGN:The method consisted of a set of 24 paired scenarios, which were imaginary patient cases, each containing three different ethical indicators randomly selected from a ...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.22.4.238
更新日期:1996-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.2004.006502
更新日期:2005-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Teaching medical ethics by the case method may be enriched by adding to the principles-and-rules approach to practical reasoning modes of inquiry and interpretation that engage the moral imagination. :Carson and Higgs are strong advocates of the use of case studies in the teaching of medical ethics. Carson maintains...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.12.1.36
更新日期:1986-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::According to estimates more than 400 biobanks currently operate across Europe. The term 'biobank' indicates a specific field of genetic study that has quietly developed without any significant critical reflection across European societies. Although scientists now routinely use this phrase, the wider public is still co...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.2010.041632
更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::This is a continuation of and a development of a debate between John Keown and me. The issue discussed is whether, in Britain, an unpaid system of blood donation promotes and is justified by its promotion of altruism. Doubt is cast on the notions that public policies can, and, if they can, that they should, be aimed a...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.25.6.532
更新日期:1999-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::A negative image of community care prevails. This method of care is perceived to be a relatively novel phenomenon and has received mixed media coverage. The negative image of community care has led to the growing belief that this care method has failed. This failure has largely been ascribed to the lack of powers avai...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.24.5.336
更新日期:1998-10-01 00:00:00