解剖学和形态学
麻醉学
听力与言语-语言病理学
行为科学
心脏和心血管系统
细胞和组织工程学
临床神经病学
危重症监护医学
牙科,口腔外科和医学
皮肤病学
急诊医学
内分泌学和新陈代谢
肠胃学和肝脏学
老人病学和老年医学
卫生保健科学和服务
血液学
免疫学
传染病
综合和补充性医学
医学伦理学
医学信息学
医学实验室技术
医学,全科和内科
医学,法律
医学,研究和试验
神经系统科学
护理
营养学和饮食学
产科医学和妇科医学
肿瘤学
眼科学
整形外科学
耳鼻喉科学
病理学
儿科学
周围血管疾病
药理学和药剂学
生理学
基本医疗保健
精神病学
公共、环境和职业卫生
放射学,核医学和医学成像
康复学
生殖生物学
呼吸系统
风湿病学
运动科学
外科学
毒理学
热带医学
泌尿学和肾脏学
病毒学
老年医学
健康政策和服务
心理学,临床
abstract::In this response article, we challenge a core assumption that lies at the centre of a round table discussion regarding the Pharmacogenetics to Avoid Loss of Hearing trial. The round table regards a genetic test for a variant (mt.1555A>G) that increases the risk of deafness if a carrier is given the antibiotic gentamic...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/medethics-2020-106807
更新日期:2021-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::We propose a principle of sustainability to complement established principles used for justifying healthcare resource allocation. We argue that the application of established principles of equal treatment, need, prognosis and cost-effectiveness gives rise to what we call negative dynamics: a gradual depletion of the v...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/medethics-2020-106644
更新日期:2021-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Human embryo models formed from stem cells-known as embryoids-allow scientists to study the elusive first stages of human development without having to experiment on actual human embryos. But clear ethical guidelines for research involving embryoids are still lacking. Previously, a handful of researchers put forward n...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/medethics-2020-106493
更新日期:2021-01-05 00:00:00
abstract::Clinical trials emerged in rapid succession as the COVID-19 pandemic created an unprecedented need for life-saving therapies. Fair and equitable subject selection in clinical trials offering investigational therapies ought to be an urgent moral concern. Subject selection determines the distribution of risks and benefi...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/medethics-2020-106590
更新日期:2021-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Therapeutic privilege (TP) is a defence that may be available to doctors who fail to disclose to the patient relevant information when seeking informed consent for treatment if they have a reasonable belief that providing that information would likely cause the patient concerned serious physical or mental harm. In a l...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/medethics-2019-105792
更新日期:2021-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The COVID-19 pandemic will likely recede only through development and distribution of an effective vaccine. Although there are many unknowns surrounding COVID-19 vaccine development, vaccine demand will likely outstrip early supply, making prospective planning for vaccine allocation critical for ensuring the ethical d...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/medethics-2020-106850
更新日期:2020-12-17 00:00:00
abstract::Dr Caitríona L Cox's recent article expounds the far-reaching implications of the 'Healthcare Hero' metaphor. She presents a detailed overview of heroism in the context of clinical care, revealing that healthcare workers, when portrayed as heroes, face challenges in reconciling unreasonable expectations of personal sa...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/medethics-2020-106753
更新日期:2020-12-16 00:00:00
abstract::In the past, a vast majority of medical assistance in dying (MAiD) patients were elderly patients with cancer who are not suitable for organ donation, making organ donation from such patients a rare event. However, more expansive criteria for MAiD combined with an increased participation of MAiD patients in organ dona...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/medethics-2020-106456
更新日期:2020-12-10 00:00:00
abstract::Direct-to-consumer genetic testing is a growing phenomenon, fuelled by the notion that knowledge equals control. One ethical question that arises concerns the proband's duty to share information indicating genetic risks in their relatives. However, such duties are unenforceable and may result in the realisation of ant...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/medethics-2020-106966
更新日期:2020-12-09 00:00:00
abstract::In 2018 and 2019 Cancer Research UK (CRUK) launched a controversial advertising campaign to inform the British public of obesity being a preventable cause of cancer. On each occasion the advertisements used were emotive and provoked frustration among the British public which was widely vocalised on social media. As we...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/medethics-2020-106192
更新日期:2020-11-25 00:00:00
abstract::Giubilini and Minerva argue that the permissibility of abortion entails the permissibility of infanticide. Proponents of what we refer to as the Birth Strategy claim that there is a morally significant difference brought about at birth that accounts for our strong intuition that killing newborns is morally impermissib...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/medethics-2020-106781
更新日期:2020-10-26 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:To prevent the planet from catastrophic global warming a reduction of greenhouse gas emissions to net zero is required. Thus, divestment from fossil fuels must be a strategic interest for health insurers. The aim of this study was to analyse the implementation of environmental, social and governance (ESG) cr...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/medethics-2020-106381
更新日期:2020-10-13 00:00:00
abstract::Many healthcare goods, such as surgical instruments, textiles and gloves, are manufactured in unregulated factories and sweatshops where, amongst other labour rights violations, workers are subject to considerable occupational health risks. In this paper we undertake an ethical analysis of the supply of sweatshop-prod...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/medethics-2020-106286
更新日期:2020-08-24 00:00:00
abstract::Technological advances in genetic testing have enabled prospective parents to learn about their risk of passing a genetic condition to their future children. One option for those who want to ensure that their biological children do not inherit a genetic condition is to create embryos through in vitro fertilisation (IV...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/medethics-2019-105879
更新日期:2020-08-19 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Humanitarian crises and emergencies, events often marked by high mortality, have until recently excluded palliative care-a specialty focusing on supporting people with serious or terminal illness or those nearing death. In the COVID-19 pandemic, palliative care has received unprecedented levels of societal a...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/medethics-2019-105943
更新日期:2020-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Some disability rights advocates criticise prenatal testing and selective abortion on the grounds that these practices express negative attitudes towards existing persons with disabilities. Disability rights advocates also commonly criticise and oppose physician-assisted suicide (PAS) and euthanasia on the same ground...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/medethics-2019-105875
更新日期:2020-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Transplant coordinators play a pivotal role in the process of obtaining consent for live or dead donation of organs. The objective of the project is to unveil emotional experiences and ethical conduct of transplant coordinators using a qualitative research methodology. Ten transplant coordinators who have worked for m...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/medethics-2019-105593
更新日期:2020-07-28 00:00:00
abstract::Conflict is an important consideration in the intensive care unit (ICU). In this setting, conflict most commonly occurs over the 'best interests' of the incapacitated adult patient; for instance, when families seek aggressive life-sustaining treatments, which are thought by the medical team to be potentially inappropr...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/medethics-2020-106177
更新日期:2020-07-06 00:00:00
abstract::The current COVID-19 pandemic has raised many questions and dilemmas for modern day ethicists and healthcare providers. Are physicians, nurses and other healthcare workers morally obligated to put themselves in harm's way and treat patients during a pandemic, occurring a great risk to themselves, their families and po...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/medethics-2020-106294
更新日期:2020-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Artificial intelligence (AI) is expected to revolutionise the practice of medicine. Recent advancements in the field of deep learning have demonstrated success in variety of clinical tasks: detecting diabetic retinopathy from images, predicting hospital readmissions, aiding in the discovery of new drugs, etc. AI's pro...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/medethics-2019-105935
更新日期:2020-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The COVID-19 pandemic has created unusually challenging and dangerous workplace conditions for key workers. This has prompted calls for key workers to receive a variety of special benefits over and above their normal pay. Here, we consider whether two such benefits are justified: a no-fault compensation scheme for har...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/medethics-2020-106389
更新日期:2020-05-28 00:00:00
abstract::Several films, including Three Identical Strangers, examined ethical problems in an experiment that involved identical siblings who were adopted as infants and separated into different families to examine the effects of nature versus nurture. The study was primarily designed and directed by Dr Peter Neubauer. The expe...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/medethics-2019-105983
更新日期:2020-05-04 00:00:00
abstract::Clinical trials of xenotransplantation (XTx) may begin early in the next decade, with kidneys from genetically modified pigs transplanted into adult humans. If successful, transplanting pig hearts into children with advanced heart failure may be the next step. Typically, clinical trials have a specified end date, and ...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/medethics-2019-105668
更新日期:2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::My sexual rights puzzle according to which positive sexual rights are not compatible with negative sexual rights has been recently criticised in the Journal of Medical Ethics by Steven J Firth, who has put forward three objections to the puzzle. In this brief response, I analyse and reject each of these three objectio...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1136/medethics-2019-105642
更新日期:2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::'Futility' is a contentious term that has eluded clear definition, with proposed descriptions either too strict or too vague to encompass the many facets of medical care. Requests for futile care are often surrogates for requests of a more existential character, covering the whole range of personal, emotional, cultura...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/medethics-2020-106232
更新日期:2020-04-24 00:00:00
abstract::This paper investigates the medical law and ethics (MEL) learning needs of Foundation doctors (FYs) by means of a national survey developed in association with key stakeholders including the General Medical Council and Health Education England. Four hundred sevnty-nine doctors completed the survey. The average self-re...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/medethics-2019-105961
更新日期:2020-04-10 00:00:00
abstract::In a recent article in this journal, Anna Christensen raises an 'Epicurean challenge' to Don Marquis' much-discussed argument for the immorality of abortion. According to Marquis' argument, abortion is pro tanto morally wrong because it deprives the fetus of 'a future like ours'. Drawing on the Epicurean idea that dea...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1136/medethics-2019-105771
更新日期:2020-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::This personal narrative tugs at the heart strings. However, personal narratives are not sufficient to justify public funding for any screening policy. We have to take seriously the 'just caring' problem. We have only limited resources to meet virtually unlimited health care needs. No doubt, screening tests often save ...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/medethics-2019-105884
更新日期:2020-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The two tragedies argument (2TA) has been raised as a response to the argument against abortion from spontaneous abortion (or miscarriages). According to this argument against the antiabortion position (AAP), miscarriages should be of great concern for proponents of this position since they result in a greater amount ...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1136/medethics-2019-105770
更新日期:2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Given the dramatic shortage of transplantable organs, demand cannot be met by established and envisioned organ procurement policies targeting postmortem donation. Live organ donation (LOD) is a medically attractive option, and ethically permissible if informed consent is given and donor beneficence balances recipient ...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/medethics-2019-105999
更新日期:2020-02-14 00:00:00
abstract::In this paper, we argue that there are important ethical questions about healthcare improvement which are underexplored. We start by drawing on two existing literatures: first, the prevailing, primarily governance-oriented, application of ethics to healthcare 'quality improvement' (QI), and second, the application of ...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/medethics-2019-105635
更新日期:2020-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Many patients believe that cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is more likely to be successful than it really is in clinical practice. Even when working with accurate information, some nevertheless remain resolute in demanding maximal treatment. They maintain that even if survival after cardiac arrest with CPR is extr...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/medethics-2019-105558
更新日期:2020-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::In their paper 'The "serious" factor in germline modification', Kleiderman, Ravitsky and Knoppers rightly highlight the ambiguity in the oft-utilised term 'serious' in legal discussions of human germline genome modification.1 They suggest interpretation of this term may benefit from a framework based on human rights r...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1136/medethics-2019-105764
更新日期:2020-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::This article, prompted by an extended essay published in the Journal of Medical Ethics by Charles Foster, and the current controversy surrounding the case of Vincent Lambert, analyses the legal and ethical arguments in relation to the withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment from patients with prolonged disorders of co...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/medethics-2019-105599
更新日期:2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Confidentiality is a central bioethical principle governing the provider-patient relationship. Dating back to Hippocrates, new laws have interpreted it for the age of precision medicine and electronic medical records. This is where the discussion of privacy and technology often ends in the scientific health literature...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/medethics-2018-105313
更新日期:2019-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::In 'Abortion and deprivation: a reply to Marquis', Anna Christensen contends that Don Marquis' influential 'future like ours' argument for the immorality of abortion faces a significant challenge from the Epicurean claim that human beings cannot be harmed by their death. If deprivation requires a subject, then abortio...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1136/medethics-2018-105267
更新日期:2019-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::According to the two-tragedies argument proponents of pro-life can justifiably prioritize efforts to prevent abortion rather than miscarriages due to the fact that abortions in contrast to miscarriages involves usually the act of killing. William Simkulet has recently argued against this argument claiming that it fail...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1136/medethics-2019-105489
更新日期:2019-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The inclusion of elite transwomen athletes in sport is controversial. The recent International Olympic Committee (IOC) (2015) guidelines allow transwomen to compete in the women's division if (amongst other things) their testosterone is held below 10 nmol/L. This is significantly higher than that of cis-women. Science...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/medethics-2018-105208
更新日期:2019-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recognising that offers of payment to research participants can serve various purposes-reimbursement, compensation and incentive-helps uncover differences between participants, which can justify differential payment of participants within the same study. Participants with different study-related expenses will need dif...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/medethics-2018-105140
更新日期:2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The realm of non-rational influence, which includes nudging, is home to many other morally interesting phenomena. In this paper, I introduce the term bumping, to discuss the category of unintentional non-rational influence. Bumping happens constantly, wherever people make choices in environments where they are affecte...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/medethics-2018-105179
更新日期:2019-04-01 00:00:00