听力与言语-语言病理学

行为科学

医学伦理学

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  • Terrible choices in the septic child: a response to the PALOH trial round table authors.

    abstract::In this response article, we challenge a core assumption that lies at the centre of a round table discussion regarding the Pharmacogenetics to Avoid Loss of Hearing trial. The round table regards a genetic test for a variant (mt.1555A>G) that increases the risk of deafness if a carrier is given the antibiotic gentamic...

    journal_title:Journal of medical ethics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1136/medethics-2020-106807

    authors: Parker J,Wright D

    更新日期:2021-02-01 00:00:00

  • Sustainability principle for the ethics of healthcare resource allocation.

    abstract::We propose a principle of sustainability to complement established principles used for justifying healthcare resource allocation. We argue that the application of established principles of equal treatment, need, prognosis and cost-effectiveness gives rise to what we call negative dynamics: a gradual depletion of the v...

    journal_title:Journal of medical ethics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1136/medethics-2020-106644

    authors: Munthe C,Fumagalli D,Malmqvist E

    更新日期:2021-02-01 00:00:00

  • Research guidelines for embryoids.

    abstract::Human embryo models formed from stem cells-known as embryoids-allow scientists to study the elusive first stages of human development without having to experiment on actual human embryos. But clear ethical guidelines for research involving embryoids are still lacking. Previously, a handful of researchers put forward n...

    journal_title:Journal of medical ethics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1136/medethics-2020-106493

    authors: Piotrowska M

    更新日期:2021-01-05 00:00:00

  • Fair and equitable subject selection in concurrent COVID-19 clinical trials.

    abstract::Clinical trials emerged in rapid succession as the COVID-19 pandemic created an unprecedented need for life-saving therapies. Fair and equitable subject selection in clinical trials offering investigational therapies ought to be an urgent moral concern. Subject selection determines the distribution of risks and benefi...

    journal_title:Journal of medical ethics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1136/medethics-2020-106590

    authors: Jansen MO,Angelos P,Schrantz SJ,Donington JS,Madariaga MLL,Zakrison TL

    更新日期:2021-01-01 00:00:00

  • How should the 'privilege' in therapeutic privilege be conceived when considering the decision-making process for patients with borderline capacity?

    abstract::Therapeutic privilege (TP) is a defence that may be available to doctors who fail to disclose to the patient relevant information when seeking informed consent for treatment if they have a reasonable belief that providing that information would likely cause the patient concerned serious physical or mental harm. In a l...

    journal_title:Journal of medical ethics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1136/medethics-2019-105792

    authors: Menon S,Entwistle V,Campbell AV,van Delden JJM

    更新日期:2021-01-01 00:00:00

  • Ethical allocation of future COVID-19 vaccines.

    abstract::The COVID-19 pandemic will likely recede only through development and distribution of an effective vaccine. Although there are many unknowns surrounding COVID-19 vaccine development, vaccine demand will likely outstrip early supply, making prospective planning for vaccine allocation critical for ensuring the ethical d...

    journal_title:Journal of medical ethics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1136/medethics-2020-106850

    authors: Gupta R,Morain SR

    更新日期:2020-12-17 00:00:00

  • Military metaphors and pandemic propaganda: unmasking the betrayal of 'Healthcare Heroes'.

    abstract::Dr Caitríona L Cox's recent article expounds the far-reaching implications of the 'Healthcare Hero' metaphor. She presents a detailed overview of heroism in the context of clinical care, revealing that healthcare workers, when portrayed as heroes, face challenges in reconciling unreasonable expectations of personal sa...

    journal_title:Journal of medical ethics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1136/medethics-2020-106753

    authors: Khan Z,Iwai Y,DasGupta S

    更新日期:2020-12-16 00:00:00

  • Procedural safeguards cannot disentangle MAiD from organ donation decisions.

    abstract::In the past, a vast majority of medical assistance in dying (MAiD) patients were elderly patients with cancer who are not suitable for organ donation, making organ donation from such patients a rare event. However, more expansive criteria for MAiD combined with an increased participation of MAiD patients in organ dona...

    journal_title:Journal of medical ethics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1136/medethics-2020-106456

    authors: Buturovic Z

    更新日期:2020-12-10 00:00:00

  • From proband to provider: is there an obligation to inform genetic relatives of actionable risks discovered through direct-to-consumer genetic testing?

    abstract::Direct-to-consumer genetic testing is a growing phenomenon, fuelled by the notion that knowledge equals control. One ethical question that arises concerns the proband's duty to share information indicating genetic risks in their relatives. However, such duties are unenforceable and may result in the realisation of ant...

    journal_title:Journal of medical ethics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1136/medethics-2020-106966

    authors: Parsons JA,Baker PE

    更新日期:2020-12-09 00:00:00

  • Cancer Research UK'S obesity campaign in 2018 and 2019: effective health promotion or perpetuating the stigmatisation of obesity?

    abstract::In 2018 and 2019 Cancer Research UK (CRUK) launched a controversial advertising campaign to inform the British public of obesity being a preventable cause of cancer. On each occasion the advertisements used were emotive and provoked frustration among the British public which was widely vocalised on social media. As we...

    journal_title:Journal of medical ethics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1136/medethics-2020-106192

    authors: Varshney N

    更新日期:2020-11-25 00:00:00

  • Dilemma for appeals to the moral significance of birth.

    abstract::Giubilini and Minerva argue that the permissibility of abortion entails the permissibility of infanticide. Proponents of what we refer to as the Birth Strategy claim that there is a morally significant difference brought about at birth that accounts for our strong intuition that killing newborns is morally impermissib...

    journal_title:Journal of medical ethics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1136/medethics-2020-106781

    authors: Bobier CA,Omelianchuk A

    更新日期:2020-10-26 00:00:00

  • Do private German health insurers invest their capital reserves of €353 billion according to environmental, social and governance criteria?

    abstract:BACKGROUND:To prevent the planet from catastrophic global warming a reduction of greenhouse gas emissions to net zero is required. Thus, divestment from fossil fuels must be a strategic interest for health insurers. The aim of this study was to analyse the implementation of environmental, social and governance (ESG) cr...

    journal_title:Journal of medical ethics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1136/medethics-2020-106381

    authors: Schneider F,Gogolewska J,Ahrend KM,Hohendorf G,Schneider G,Busse R,Schulz CM

    更新日期:2020-10-13 00:00:00

  • Instruments of health and harm: how the procurement of healthcare goods contributes to global health inequality.

    abstract::Many healthcare goods, such as surgical instruments, textiles and gloves, are manufactured in unregulated factories and sweatshops where, amongst other labour rights violations, workers are subject to considerable occupational health risks. In this paper we undertake an ethical analysis of the supply of sweatshop-prod...

    journal_title:Journal of medical ethics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1136/medethics-2020-106286

    authors: Trueba ML,Bhutta MF,Shahvisi A

    更新日期:2020-08-24 00:00:00

  • In vitro fertilisation with preimplantation genetic testing: the need for expanded insurance coverage.

    abstract::Technological advances in genetic testing have enabled prospective parents to learn about their risk of passing a genetic condition to their future children. One option for those who want to ensure that their biological children do not inherit a genetic condition is to create embryos through in vitro fertilisation (IV...

    journal_title:Journal of medical ethics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1136/medethics-2019-105879

    authors: Kilbride MK

    更新日期:2020-08-19 00:00:00

  • Dying individuals and suffering populations: applying a population-level bioethics lens to palliative care in humanitarian contexts: before, during and after the COVID-19 pandemic.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Humanitarian crises and emergencies, events often marked by high mortality, have until recently excluded palliative care-a specialty focusing on supporting people with serious or terminal illness or those nearing death. In the COVID-19 pandemic, palliative care has received unprecedented levels of societal a...

    journal_title:Journal of medical ethics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1136/medethics-2019-105943

    authors: Wynne KJ,Petrova M,Coghlan R

    更新日期:2020-08-01 00:00:00

  • Expressivism at the beginning and end of life.

    abstract::Some disability rights advocates criticise prenatal testing and selective abortion on the grounds that these practices express negative attitudes towards existing persons with disabilities. Disability rights advocates also commonly criticise and oppose physician-assisted suicide (PAS) and euthanasia on the same ground...

    journal_title:Journal of medical ethics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1136/medethics-2019-105875

    authors: Reed P

    更新日期:2020-08-01 00:00:00

  • Moral distress and moral residue experienced by transplant coordinators.

    abstract::Transplant coordinators play a pivotal role in the process of obtaining consent for live or dead donation of organs. The objective of the project is to unveil emotional experiences and ethical conduct of transplant coordinators using a qualitative research methodology. Ten transplant coordinators who have worked for m...

    journal_title:Journal of medical ethics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1136/medethics-2019-105593

    authors: Tarabeih M,Bokek-Cohen Y

    更新日期:2020-07-28 00:00:00

  • Conflict before the courtroom: challenging cognitive biases in critical decision-making.

    abstract::Conflict is an important consideration in the intensive care unit (ICU). In this setting, conflict most commonly occurs over the 'best interests' of the incapacitated adult patient; for instance, when families seek aggressive life-sustaining treatments, which are thought by the medical team to be potentially inappropr...

    journal_title:Journal of medical ethics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1136/medethics-2020-106177

    authors: Johal HK,Danbury C

    更新日期:2020-07-06 00:00:00

  • The healthcare worker at risk during the COVID-19 pandemic: a Jewish ethical perspective.

    abstract::The current COVID-19 pandemic has raised many questions and dilemmas for modern day ethicists and healthcare providers. Are physicians, nurses and other healthcare workers morally obligated to put themselves in harm's way and treat patients during a pandemic, occurring a great risk to themselves, their families and po...

    journal_title:Journal of medical ethics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1136/medethics-2020-106294

    authors: Solnica A,Barski L,Jotkowitz A

    更新日期:2020-07-01 00:00:00

  • Limits of trust in medical AI.

    abstract::Artificial intelligence (AI) is expected to revolutionise the practice of medicine. Recent advancements in the field of deep learning have demonstrated success in variety of clinical tasks: detecting diabetic retinopathy from images, predicting hospital readmissions, aiding in the discovery of new drugs, etc. AI's pro...

    journal_title:Journal of medical ethics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1136/medethics-2019-105935

    authors: Hatherley JJ

    更新日期:2020-07-01 00:00:00

  • Compensation and hazard pay for key workers during an epidemic: an argument from analogy.

    abstract::The COVID-19 pandemic has created unusually challenging and dangerous workplace conditions for key workers. This has prompted calls for key workers to receive a variety of special benefits over and above their normal pay. Here, we consider whether two such benefits are justified: a no-fault compensation scheme for har...

    journal_title:Journal of medical ethics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1136/medethics-2020-106389

    authors: McConnell D,Wilkinson D

    更新日期:2020-05-28 00:00:00

  • Experiment on identical siblings separated at birth: ethical implications for researchers, universities, and archives today.

    abstract::Several films, including Three Identical Strangers, examined ethical problems in an experiment that involved identical siblings who were adopted as infants and separated into different families to examine the effects of nature versus nurture. The study was primarily designed and directed by Dr Peter Neubauer. The expe...

    journal_title:Journal of medical ethics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1136/medethics-2019-105983

    authors: Klitzman RL,Kelmenson AM

    更新日期:2020-05-04 00:00:00

  • Paediatric xenotransplantation clinical trials and the right to withdraw.

    abstract::Clinical trials of xenotransplantation (XTx) may begin early in the next decade, with kidneys from genetically modified pigs transplanted into adult humans. If successful, transplanting pig hearts into children with advanced heart failure may be the next step. Typically, clinical trials have a specified end date, and ...

    journal_title:Journal of medical ethics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1136/medethics-2019-105668

    authors: Hurst DJ,Padilla LA,Walters W,Hunter JM,Cooper DKC,Eckhoff DM,Cleveland D,Paris W

    更新日期:2020-05-01 00:00:00

  • Sexual rights puzzle: re-solved?

    abstract::My sexual rights puzzle according to which positive sexual rights are not compatible with negative sexual rights has been recently criticised in the Journal of Medical Ethics by Steven J Firth, who has put forward three objections to the puzzle. In this brief response, I analyse and reject each of these three objectio...

    journal_title:Journal of medical ethics

    pub_type: 评论,杂志文章

    doi:10.1136/medethics-2019-105642

    authors: Di Nucci E

    更新日期:2020-05-01 00:00:00

  • Meaningful futility: requests for resuscitation against medical recommendation.

    abstract::'Futility' is a contentious term that has eluded clear definition, with proposed descriptions either too strict or too vague to encompass the many facets of medical care. Requests for futile care are often surrogates for requests of a more existential character, covering the whole range of personal, emotional, cultura...

    journal_title:Journal of medical ethics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1136/medethics-2020-106232

    authors: Vivas L,Carpenter T

    更新日期:2020-04-24 00:00:00

  • Prepared for practice? UK Foundation doctors' confidence in dealing with ethical issues in the workplace.

    abstract::This paper investigates the medical law and ethics (MEL) learning needs of Foundation doctors (FYs) by means of a national survey developed in association with key stakeholders including the General Medical Council and Health Education England. Four hundred sevnty-nine doctors completed the survey. The average self-re...

    journal_title:Journal of medical ethics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1136/medethics-2019-105961

    authors: Corfield L,Williams RA,Lavelle C,Latcham N,Talash K,Machin L

    更新日期:2020-04-10 00:00:00

  • Abortion and the Epicurean challenge.

    abstract::In a recent article in this journal, Anna Christensen raises an 'Epicurean challenge' to Don Marquis' much-discussed argument for the immorality of abortion. According to Marquis' argument, abortion is pro tanto morally wrong because it deprives the fetus of 'a future like ours'. Drawing on the Epicurean idea that dea...

    journal_title:Journal of medical ethics

    pub_type: 评论,杂志文章

    doi:10.1136/medethics-2019-105771

    authors: Ekendahl K

    更新日期:2020-04-01 00:00:00

  • Just caring: screening needs limits.

    abstract::This personal narrative tugs at the heart strings. However, personal narratives are not sufficient to justify public funding for any screening policy. We have to take seriously the 'just caring' problem. We have only limited resources to meet virtually unlimited health care needs. No doubt, screening tests often save ...

    journal_title:Journal of medical ethics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1136/medethics-2019-105884

    authors: Fleck LM

    更新日期:2020-04-01 00:00:00

  • Responding to Simkulet's objections to the two tragedies argument.

    abstract::The two tragedies argument (2TA) has been raised as a response to the argument against abortion from spontaneous abortion (or miscarriages). According to this argument against the antiabortion position (AAP), miscarriages should be of great concern for proponents of this position since they result in a greater amount ...

    journal_title:Journal of medical ethics

    pub_type: 评论,杂志文章

    doi:10.1136/medethics-2019-105770

    authors: Friberg-Fernros H

    更新日期:2020-03-01 00:00:00

  • Join the Lone Kidney Club: incentivising live organ donation.

    abstract::Given the dramatic shortage of transplantable organs, demand cannot be met by established and envisioned organ procurement policies targeting postmortem donation. Live organ donation (LOD) is a medically attractive option, and ethically permissible if informed consent is given and donor beneficence balances recipient ...

    journal_title:Journal of medical ethics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1136/medethics-2019-105999

    authors: Glas A

    更新日期:2020-02-14 00:00:00

  • What does 'quality' add? Towards an ethics of healthcare improvement.

    abstract::In this paper, we argue that there are important ethical questions about healthcare improvement which are underexplored. We start by drawing on two existing literatures: first, the prevailing, primarily governance-oriented, application of ethics to healthcare 'quality improvement' (QI), and second, the application of ...

    journal_title:Journal of medical ethics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1136/medethics-2019-105635

    authors: Cribb A,Entwistle V,Mitchell P

    更新日期:2020-02-01 00:00:00

  • Betting on CPR: a modern version of Pascal's Wager.

    abstract::Many patients believe that cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is more likely to be successful than it really is in clinical practice. Even when working with accurate information, some nevertheless remain resolute in demanding maximal treatment. They maintain that even if survival after cardiac arrest with CPR is extr...

    journal_title:Journal of medical ethics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1136/medethics-2019-105558

    authors: Harari DY,Macauley RC

    更新日期:2020-02-01 00:00:00

  • 'Serious' science: a response to Kleiderman, Ravitsky and Knoppers.

    abstract::In their paper 'The "serious" factor in germline modification', Kleiderman, Ravitsky and Knoppers rightly highlight the ambiguity in the oft-utilised term 'serious' in legal discussions of human germline genome modification.1 They suggest interpretation of this term may benefit from a framework based on human rights r...

    journal_title:Journal of medical ethics

    pub_type: 评论,杂志文章

    doi:10.1136/medethics-2019-105764

    authors: Kalsi S

    更新日期:2020-02-01 00:00:00

  • Withdrawing life-sustaining treatment: a stock-take of the legal and ethical position.

    abstract::This article, prompted by an extended essay published in the Journal of Medical Ethics by Charles Foster, and the current controversy surrounding the case of Vincent Lambert, analyses the legal and ethical arguments in relation to the withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment from patients with prolonged disorders of co...

    journal_title:Journal of medical ethics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1136/medethics-2019-105599

    authors: Ruck Keene ACE,Lee A

    更新日期:2019-12-01 00:00:00

  • Protecting privacy to protect mental health: the new ethical imperative.

    abstract::Confidentiality is a central bioethical principle governing the provider-patient relationship. Dating back to Hippocrates, new laws have interpreted it for the age of precision medicine and electronic medical records. This is where the discussion of privacy and technology often ends in the scientific health literature...

    journal_title:Journal of medical ethics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1136/medethics-2018-105313

    authors: Aboujaoude E

    更新日期:2019-09-01 00:00:00

  • Meeting the Epicurean challenge: a reply to Christensen.

    abstract::In 'Abortion and deprivation: a reply to Marquis', Anna Christensen contends that Don Marquis' influential 'future like ours' argument for the immorality of abortion faces a significant challenge from the Epicurean claim that human beings cannot be harmed by their death. If deprivation requires a subject, then abortio...

    journal_title:Journal of medical ethics

    pub_type: 评论,杂志文章

    doi:10.1136/medethics-2018-105267

    authors: Blackshaw BP,Rodger D

    更新日期:2019-07-01 00:00:00

  • Defending the two tragedies argument: a response to Simkulet.

    abstract::According to the two-tragedies argument proponents of pro-life can justifiably prioritize efforts to prevent abortion rather than miscarriages due to the fact that abortions in contrast to miscarriages involves usually the act of killing. William Simkulet has recently argued against this argument claiming that it fail...

    journal_title:Journal of medical ethics

    pub_type: 评论,杂志文章

    doi:10.1136/medethics-2019-105489

    authors: Friberg-Fernros H

    更新日期:2019-06-01 00:00:00

  • Transwomen in elite sport: scientific and ethical considerations.

    abstract::The inclusion of elite transwomen athletes in sport is controversial. The recent International Olympic Committee (IOC) (2015) guidelines allow transwomen to compete in the women's division if (amongst other things) their testosterone is held below 10 nmol/L. This is significantly higher than that of cis-women. Science...

    journal_title:Journal of medical ethics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1136/medethics-2018-105208

    authors: Knox T,Anderson LC,Heather A

    更新日期:2019-06-01 00:00:00

  • Differential payment to research participants in the same study: an ethical analysis.

    abstract::Recognising that offers of payment to research participants can serve various purposes-reimbursement, compensation and incentive-helps uncover differences between participants, which can justify differential payment of participants within the same study. Participants with different study-related expenses will need dif...

    journal_title:Journal of medical ethics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1136/medethics-2018-105140

    authors: Persad G,Fernandez Lynch H,Largent E

    更新日期:2019-05-01 00:00:00

  • Blameworthy bumping? Investigating nudge's neglected cousin.

    abstract::The realm of non-rational influence, which includes nudging, is home to many other morally interesting phenomena. In this paper, I introduce the term bumping, to discuss the category of unintentional non-rational influence. Bumping happens constantly, wherever people make choices in environments where they are affecte...

    journal_title:Journal of medical ethics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1136/medethics-2018-105179

    authors: Miyata-Sturm A

    更新日期:2019-04-01 00:00:00

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