Abstract:
OBJECTIVE:To demonstrate Japanese doctors' and nurses' attitudes towards and practices of voluntary euthanasia (VE) and to compare their attitudes and practices in this regard. DESIGN:Postal survey, conducted between October and December 1999, using a self-administered questionnaire. PARTCIPANTS: All doctor members and nurse members of the Japanese Association of Palliative Medicine. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE:Doctors' and nurses' attitude towards and practices of VE. RESULTS:We received 366 completed questionnaires from 642 doctors surveyed (response rate, 58%) and 145 from 217 nurses surveyed (68%). A total of 54% (95% confidence interval (CI): 49-59) of the responding doctors and 53% (CI: 45-61) of the responding nurses had been asked by patients to hasten death, of whom 5% (CI: 2-8) of the former and none of the latter had taken active steps to bring about death. Although 88% (CI: 83-92) of the doctors and 85% (CI: 77-93) of the nurses answered that a patient's request to hasten death can sometimes be rational, only 33% (CI: 28-38) and 23% (CI: 16-30) respectively regarded VE as ethically right and 22% (CI: 18-36) and 15% (CI: 8-20) respectively would practise VE if it were legal. Logistic regression model analysis showed that the respondents' profession was not a statistically independent factor predicting his or her response to any question regarding attitudes towards VE. CONCLUSIONS:A minority of responding doctors and nurses thought VE was ethically or legally acceptable. There seems no significant difference in attitudes towards VE between the doctors and nurses. However, only doctors had practised VE.
journal_name
J Med Ethicsjournal_title
Journal of medical ethicsauthors
Asai A,Ohnishi M,Nagata SK,Tanida N,Yamazaki Ydoi
10.1136/jme.27.5.324keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2001-10-01 00:00:00pages
324-30issue
5eissn
0306-6800issn
1473-4257journal_volume
27pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Confidentiality is a central bioethical principle governing the provider-patient relationship. Dating back to Hippocrates, new laws have interpreted it for the age of precision medicine and electronic medical records. This is where the discussion of privacy and technology often ends in the scientific health literature...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/medethics-2018-105313
更新日期:2019-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Despite concerns about the relationships between health professionals and the medical device industry, the issue has received relatively little attention. Prevalence data are lacking; however, qualitative and survey research suggest device industry representatives, who are commonly present in clinical settings, play a...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/medethics-2018-104804
更新日期:2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To determine the views of people with multiple sclerosis (MS) and professionals in relation to confidentiality, consent and access to data within a proposed MS register in the UK. DESIGN:Qualitative study using focus groups (10) and interviews (13). SETTING:England and Northern Ireland. PARTICIPANTS:68 peo...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.2008.025304
更新日期:2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::In recent years, it has become almost axiomatic that biomedical research and clinical practice should be 'innovative'-that is, that they should be always evolving and directed towards the production, translation and implementation of new technologies and practices. While this drive towards innovation in biomedicine mi...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/medethics-2015-103048
更新日期:2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Literary accounts of traumatic events can be more informative and insightful than personal testimonials. In particular, reference to works of literature can give us a more vivid sense of what it is like to receive a devastating diagnosis. In turn this can lead us to question some common assumptions about the nature of...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.24.2.123
更新日期:1998-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::It is argued that the current policy of the British Medical Association (BMA) on conscientious objection is not aligned with recent human rights developments. These grant a right to conscientious objection to doctors in many more circumstances than the very few recognised by the BMA. However, this wide-ranging right m...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/medethics-2015-103222
更新日期:2017-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although an invasive medical intervention, Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) has been regarded as an efficient and safe treatment of Parkinson's disease for the last 20 years. In terms of clinical ethics, it is worth asking whether the use of DBS may have unanticipated negative effects similar to those associated with othe...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/medethics-2011-100044
更新日期:2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The International Bioethics Committee (IBC) of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) is currently drafting a Universal Bioethics Declaration ("the declaration"). The content and even the name of the declaration has yet to be finalized, but it is expected to range widely over hum...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.2004.006502
更新日期:2005-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Over the past few decades, "Big Tobacco" has spread its tentacles across the developing world with devastating results. The global incidence of smoking has increased exponentially in Africa, Asia and South America and it is leading to an equally rapid increase in the incidence of smoking-induced morbidity and mortalit...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.2008.027847
更新日期:2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Students at Newcastle are exposed to patients during their first week at medical school and attached to a family within the first month. The object is to sensitise them to patients as people rather than vehicles of disease. Medical ethics is introduced as part of the multidisciplinary Human Development, Behaviour and ...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.11.1.35
更新日期:1985-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Understanding the views of the public is essential if generally acceptable policies are to be devised that balance research access to general practice patient records with protection of patients' privacy. However, few large studies have been conducted about public attitudes to research access to personal h...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.2010.037903
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Article 3.4 of EC directive 89/381 requires member states to take "all necessary measures to promote Community self-sufficiency in human blood or human plasma" and, for this purpose, to "encourage the voluntary unpaid donation of blood and plasma". This paper presents an ethical case in support of the policy of volunt...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.23.2.96
更新日期:1997-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The realm of non-rational influence, which includes nudging, is home to many other morally interesting phenomena. In this paper, I introduce the term bumping, to discuss the category of unintentional non-rational influence. Bumping happens constantly, wherever people make choices in environments where they are affecte...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/medethics-2018-105179
更新日期:2019-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Downie comments on Sieghart's article, "Professions as the conscience of society" (Journal of Medical Ethics 1985 Sep; 11(3): 117-122). He charges that Sieghart is blurring empirical, conceptual, and moral claims when he contends that the professional relationship is unique in that "altruism is paramount and self-int...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.12.2.64
更新日期:1986-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The revised Declaration of Helsinki allows placebo-controlled trials to be used even when there is an established therapy, provided there are adequate 'methodological' reasons for doing so. This seems to violate the principle of beneficence: where there is an established therapy, physicians treating patients with a pl...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/medethics-2016-103970
更新日期:2017-08-09 00:00:00
abstract::The internet is becoming increasingly important in health care practice. The number of health-related web sites is rising exponentially as people seek health-related information and services to supplement traditional sources, such as their local doctor, friends, or family. The development of e-medicine poses important...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.27.suppl_1.i33
更新日期:2001-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Robertson comments on a case presented by Gafner in the same issue of the Journal of Medical Ethics. A proposal to crush a laryngeal nerve to halt the incessant yelling of an elderly demented patient is disapproved by a medical center's surgery department for risk and ethical reasons. Robertson, an anesthesiologist,...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.13.4.198
更新日期:1987-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this paper, I explore under what circumstances it might be morally acceptable to transplant organs from a patient lacking capacity. I argue, with a developed hypothetical based around a mother and son, that (1) 'Best interests' should be interpreted broadly to include the interests that people have previously expre...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/medethics-2015-103045
更新日期:2017-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The advent of prenatal genetic diagnosis has sparked debates among ethicists and philosophers regarding parental responsibility towards potential offspring. Some have attempted to place moral obligations on parents to not bring about children with certain diseases in order to prevent harm to such children. There has b...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.2010.039230
更新日期:2011-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIM:The primary aim of the study was to evaluate two different methods of communicating information on cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) to patients admitted to general medical and elderly care wards. The information was either in the form of a detailed information leaflet (appendix I) or a summary document (appendix...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.2002.002915
更新日期:2004-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Many patients believe that cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is more likely to be successful than it really is in clinical practice. Even when working with accurate information, some nevertheless remain resolute in demanding maximal treatment. They maintain that even if survival after cardiac arrest with CPR is extr...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/medethics-2019-105558
更新日期:2020-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Reflecting on the contribution by Rahul Kumar to the symposium, I consider the following topics in relation to risks in research: (1) treating someone as a mere means; (2) aggregation; (3) different conceptions of contractualism; (4) uncertainty; (5) paternalism and complicity. ...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/medethics-2016-103416
更新日期:2017-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper relates two experiences of teaching medical ethics, the first to a small group of clinical medical students, the second to a larger group of GP trainees. :Boyd, a theologian who is Scottish Director of the Institute of Medical Ethics, comments on a day he spent teaching two ethics sessions, one to a group ...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.13.3.132
更新日期:1987-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The objective of this paper is to stimulate academic debate on embryo and fetal research from the perspective of the drafting of a protocol to the European Convention on Biomedicine. The Steering Committee on Bioethics of the Council of Europe was mandated to draw up such a protocol and for this purpose organised an i...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.23.1.32
更新日期:1997-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Clinicians' work depends on sincere and complete disclosures from their patients; they honour this candidness by confidentially safeguarding the information received. Breaching confidentiality causes harms that are not commensurable with the possible benefits gained. Limitations or exceptions put on confidentiality wo...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.12.3.117
更新日期:1986-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::It has been suggested that future application of stem-cell derived gametes (SCD-gametes) might lead to the possibility for same-sex couples to have genetically related children. Still, for this to become possible, the technique of gamete derivation and techniques of reprogramming somatic cells to a pluripotent state (...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/medethics-2016-103863
更新日期:2017-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::This reply to John F Catherwood's criticism of brain-related criteria for death argues that brainstem criteria are neither reductionist nor do they presuppose a materialist theory of mind. Furthermore, it is argued that brain-related criteria are compatible with the majority of religious views concerning death. ...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.18.1.40
更新日期:1992-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The death of Jesse Gelsinger in 1999 during a gene therapy trial raised many questions about the ethical review of medical research. Here, the author argues that the principle of justice is interpreted too narrowly and receives insufficient emphasis and that what we permit in terms of bodily invasion affects the value...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.2003.006684
更新日期:2005-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::For many people, living with genital herpes generates not just episodic physical discomfort but recurrent emotional distress, centred on concerns about how to live and love safely without passing infection to others. This article considers the evidence on herpes transmission, levels of sexual risk, when the law has in...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/medethics-2012-100894
更新日期:2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::With the recent Clinical Trials Directive, a degree of harmonisation into research ethics committees (RECs) across Europe, including the time taken to assess a trial proposal and the kinds of issues a committee should take into account, has been introduced by the European Union (EU). How four different member states-H...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.2005.013888
更新日期:2006-08-01 00:00:00