Abstract:
:The death of Jesse Gelsinger in 1999 during a gene therapy trial raised many questions about the ethical review of medical research. Here, the author argues that the principle of justice is interpreted too narrowly and receives insufficient emphasis and that what we permit in terms of bodily invasion affects the value we place on individuals. Medical research is a societally supported activity. As such, the author contends that justice requires that invasive medical research demonstrates sufficiently compelling societal benefit. Many consider this societal benefit to be self evident. However, medical research is a complex activity; it yields new treatments but also creates financial rewards and affects health resource allocation. As research evolves into a multibillion pound, multinational enterprise, justice requires a much broader analysis of societal benefit. Without such evaluation we risk undermining the value of bodily integrity and of research participants.
journal_name
J Med Ethicsjournal_title
Journal of medical ethicsauthors
Kong WMdoi
10.1136/jme.2003.006684keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2005-04-01 00:00:00pages
205-8issue
4eissn
0306-6800issn
1473-4257pii
31/4/205journal_volume
31pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The Brisbane Supreme Court has denied an Australian woman's request to harvest and freeze her dead fiancé's sperm for future impregnation. After she was denied access to the sperm, the woman learnt that her fiancé may have been a sperm donor and she began checking to find out if his sperm was still available. Given wh...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.2003.004432
更新日期:2004-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Why do we persist in the relentless pursuit of artificial nourishment and other treatments to maintain a permanently unconscious existence? In facing the future, if not the present world-wide reality of a huge number of persistent vegetative state (PVS) patients, will they be treated because of our ethical commitment ...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.19.2.71
更新日期:1993-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To analyse the decision making for end of life care for patients with cancer at a teaching hospital in Japan at two periods 10 years apart. DESIGN AND SETTING:Retrospective study conducted in a 550 bed community teaching hospital in Okinawa, Japan. PATIENTS:There were 124 terminally ill cancer patients (45...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.2003.000125
更新日期:2004-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Doctors, for several reasons, should be concerned with exorcism is the view of Professor Trethowan, who in this paper, looks at the main features of exorcism as practised in the middle ages and now appearing in the modern world, as was seen in the recent Ossett case in Britain. He examines in some detail the nature of...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1976-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Judges face difficult choices when the birth and genetic mothers of a child are separate people who dispute maternal access; the views of the general population may help them. Fifty women were asked whether, if they were infertile and could have only one child, they would prefer to be birth mothers (to carry a baby wh...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.20.2.87
更新日期:1994-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Following the influential Gifford and Reith lectures by Onora O'Neill, this paper explores further the paradigm of individual autonomy which has been so dominant in bioethics until recently and concurs that it is an aberrant application and that conceptions of individual autonomy cannot provide a sufficient and convin...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.2004.008292
更新日期:2005-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Although genetic research into Alzheimer disease (AD) is increasing, the ethical aspects of this kind of research and the differences between ethical issues related to genetic and non-genetic research into AD have not yet received much attention. OBJECTIVES:(1) To identify and compare the five ethical issue...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.2008.025049
更新日期:2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Reflecting on the contribution by Rahul Kumar to the symposium, I consider the following topics in relation to risks in research: (1) treating someone as a mere means; (2) aggregation; (3) different conceptions of contractualism; (4) uncertainty; (5) paternalism and complicity. ...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/medethics-2016-103416
更新日期:2017-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The extraordinary events surrounding the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine in the United Kingdom have not only placed in jeopardy the use of this triple vaccine but have also spread concern to other parts of the world. Examination of the public's worry about MMR vaccine reveals they have been exposed to a rang...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.29.1.22
更新日期:2003-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Liverpool Care Pathway for the Dying Patient (LCP), a framework introduced for providing comfortable care at the last stage of life, has recently become highly contentious. Among the most serious allegations levelled against it, has been that the LCP may be used as a covert form of euthanasia by withdrawal of clin...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1136/medethics-2013-101533
更新日期:2015-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Junior researchers can be abused and bullied by unscrupulous senior collaborators. This article describes the profile of a type of serial abuser, the White Bull, who uses his academic seniority to distort authorship credit and who disguises his parasitism with carefully premeditated deception. Further research into th...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.2004.010553
更新日期:2005-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::This reply to John F Catherwood's criticism of brain-related criteria for death argues that brainstem criteria are neither reductionist nor do they presuppose a materialist theory of mind. Furthermore, it is argued that brain-related criteria are compatible with the majority of religious views concerning death. ...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.18.1.40
更新日期:1992-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Previous research has found that physicians are divided on whether they are obligated to provide a treatment to which they object and whether they should refer patients in such cases. The present study compares several possible scenarios in which a physician objects to a treatment that a patient requests, in ...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/medethics-2015-102782
更新日期:2016-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The case of W v M and Others, in which the court rejected an application to withdraw artificial nutrition and hydration from a woman in a minimally conscious state, raises a number of profoundly important medico-legal issues. This article questions whether the requirement to respect the autonomy of incompetent patient...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/medethics-2012-100907
更新日期:2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Explorations of bioethical issues frequently raise the question of an entity's "moral standing," or its right to moral consideration by rational agents. Many contemporary philosophers subscribe to Leonard Nelson's view that only beings that have interests have moral standing. Kuhse attempts to define interests and t...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.11.3.146
更新日期:1985-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:If trials of therapeutic interventions are to serve society's interests, they must be of high methodological quality and must satisfy moral commitments to human subjects. The authors set out to develop a clinical-trials compendium in which standards for the ethical treatment of human subjects are integrated ...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.2010.039255
更新日期:2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the context of 'Do-not-resuscitate' (DNR) decisions, there is a lack of information in the UK on the opinions of patients and prospective patients. Written anonymous responses to questionnaires issued to 322 out-patient subjects showed that 97 per cent would opt for cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in their curr...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.19.2.104
更新日期:1993-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The realm of non-rational influence, which includes nudging, is home to many other morally interesting phenomena. In this paper, I introduce the term bumping, to discuss the category of unintentional non-rational influence. Bumping happens constantly, wherever people make choices in environments where they are affecte...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/medethics-2018-105179
更新日期:2019-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:There is little evidence of junior trainee perspectives in the design and implementation of medical ethics and law (MEL) curriculum in UK medical schools. AIM:To determine the ethical issues the foundation year 1 (FY1) doctors (first year after graduation) encountered during clinical practice and the skill...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1136/medethics-2011-100391
更新日期:2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Given the dramatic shortage of transplantable organs, demand cannot be met by established and envisioned organ procurement policies targeting postmortem donation. Live organ donation (LOD) is a medically attractive option, and ethically permissible if informed consent is given and donor beneficence balances recipient ...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/medethics-2019-105999
更新日期:2020-02-14 00:00:00
abstract::A new human life comes into being not when there is mere cellular life in a human embryo, but when the newly developing body organs and systems begin to function as a whole, the author argues. This is symmetrical with the dealth of an existing human life, which occurs when its organs and systems have permanently cease...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.11.4.205
更新日期:1985-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::For a few decades, patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) have been treated with intracerebral transplantations of fetal mesencephalic tissue. The results of open trials have been variable. Double blind, placebo-controlled studies have recently been started in order to further investigate the efficacy of this new medi...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.27.3.151
更新日期:2001-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Dr Neil Campbell suggests that when patients suffering extremes of protracted pain ask for help to end their lives, their requests should be discounted as made under compulsion. I contend that the doctors concerned should be referred to and then act upon advance directives made by those patients when of sound and calm...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.25.3.245
更新日期:1999-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Many healthcare goods, such as surgical instruments, textiles and gloves, are manufactured in unregulated factories and sweatshops where, amongst other labour rights violations, workers are subject to considerable occupational health risks. In this paper we undertake an ethical analysis of the supply of sweatshop-prod...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/medethics-2020-106286
更新日期:2020-08-24 00:00:00
abstract::Moral principles or the rules of conduct are based in the society. If the purpose of ethics in research is to take into consideration the needs and the rights of the experimental subject, his social milieu must then largely determine the ethical considerations of a projected study. The inability to comprehend such rig...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.6.2.61
更新日期:1980-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The two tragedies argument (2TA) has been raised as a response to the argument against abortion from spontaneous abortion (or miscarriages). According to this argument against the antiabortion position (AAP), miscarriages should be of great concern for proponents of this position since they result in a greater amount ...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1136/medethics-2019-105770
更新日期:2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent studies using functional magnetic resonance imaging of patients in a vegetative state have raised the possibility that such patients retain some degree of consciousness. In this paper, the ethical implications of such findings are outlined, in particular in relation to decisions about withdrawing life-sustainin...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.2008.029165
更新日期:2009-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The United Kingdom Central Council for Nursing, Midwifery and Health Visitors (UKCC) document, Exercising Accountability, states that the role of patient's advocate is an essential aspect of good professional nursing practice (1). The author examines the case for and against the nurse being the best person to act as a...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.20.3.152
更新日期:1994-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The President's Council on Bioethics in 2008 reaffirmed the necessity of the dead donor rule and the legitimacy of the current criteria for diagnosing both neurological and cardiac death. In spite of this report,many have continued to express concerns about the ethics of donation after circulatory death, the ...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/medethics-2013-101333
更新日期:2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::With the increase in the proportion of hospital deaths there is increasing debate about appropriateness of place of death. Death should be a family affair but is increasingly hidden from public view. In contrast to those who die at home, most of those who die in hospital die alone with no relatives or friends with the...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.9.3.158
更新日期:1983-09-01 00:00:00