Towards a bioethics of innovation.

Abstract:

:In recent years, it has become almost axiomatic that biomedical research and clinical practice should be 'innovative'-that is, that they should be always evolving and directed towards the production, translation and implementation of new technologies and practices. While this drive towards innovation in biomedicine might be beneficial, it also raises serious moral, legal, economic and sociopolitical questions that require further scrutiny. In this article, we argue that biomedical innovation needs to be accompanied by a dedicated 'bioethics of innovation' that attends systematically to the goals, process and outcomes of biomedical innovation as objects of critical inquiry. Using the example of personalised or precision medicine, we then suggest a preliminary framework for a bioethics of innovation, based on the research policy initiative of 'Responsible Innovation'. We invite and encourage critiques of this framework and hope that this will provoke a challenging and enriching new bioethical discourse.

journal_name

J Med Ethics

authors

Lipworth W,Axler R

doi

10.1136/medethics-2015-103048

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2016-07-01 00:00:00

pages

445-9

issue

7

eissn

0306-6800

issn

1473-4257

pii

medethics-2015-103048

journal_volume

42

pub_type

杂志文章
  • A comparison of journal instructions regarding institutional review board approval and conflict-of-interest disclosure between 1995 and 2005.

    abstract:OBJECTIVES:To compare 2005 and 1995 ethics guidelines from journal editors to authors regarding requirements for institutional review board (IRB) approval and conflict-of-interest (COI) disclosure. DESIGN:A descriptive study of the ethics guidelines published in 103 English-language biomedical journals listed in the A...

    journal_title:Journal of medical ethics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1136/jme.2008.024299

    authors: Rowan-Legg A,Weijer C,Gao J,Fernandez C

    更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00

  • Disabled picket Medical Research Council.

    abstract::The Handicap Division of the Society for the Protection of the Unborn Child (SPUC) organized picketing of Britain's Medical Research Council to protest against trials of multivitamin supplementation for high-risk pregnant women to prevent development of spina bifida in the fetus. The trials have been condemned by man...

    journal_title:Journal of medical ethics

    pub_type: 新闻

    doi:10.1136/jme.10.3.165

    authors:

    更新日期:1984-09-01 00:00:00

  • Jehovah's Witnesses' refusal of blood: obedience to scripture and religious conscience.

    abstract::Jehovah's Witnesses are students of the Bible. They refuse transfusions out of obedience to the scriptural directive to abstain and keep from blood. Dr Muramoto disagrees with the Witnesses' religious beliefs in this regard. Despite this basic disagreement over the meaning of Biblical texts, Muramoto flouts the religi...

    journal_title:Journal of medical ethics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1136/jme.25.6.469

    authors: Ridley DT

    更新日期:1999-12-01 00:00:00

  • Futile treatment, junior doctors and role virtues.

    abstract::Futile treatment is one ethically challenging situation commonly encountered by junior doctors. By analysing an intern's story using a role virtues framework, I propose a set of three steps for junior doctors facing this problem. I claim that junior doctors ought always to investigate the rationale underlying decision...

    journal_title:Journal of medical ethics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1136/jme.2010.041095

    authors: McDougall R

    更新日期:2011-11-01 00:00:00

  • Fair subject selection in clinical research: formal equality of opportunity.

    abstract::In this paper, I explore the ethics of subject selection in the context of biomedical research. I reject a key principle of what I shall refer to as the standard view According to this principle, investigators should select participants so as to minimise aggregate risk to participants and maximise aggregate benefits t...

    journal_title:Journal of medical ethics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1136/medethics-2015-103311

    authors: MacKay D

    更新日期:2016-10-01 00:00:00

  • The great slippery-slope argument.

    abstract::Whenever some form of beneficent killing--for example, voluntary euthanasia--is advocated, the proposal is greeted with a flood of slippery-slope arguments warning of the dangers of a Nazi-style slide into genocide. This paper is an attempt systematically to evaluate arguments of this kind. Although there are slippery...

    journal_title:Journal of medical ethics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1136/jme.19.3.169

    authors: Burgess JA

    更新日期:1993-09-01 00:00:00

  • The premature breech: caesarean section or trial of labour?

    abstract::Obstetricians face difficult decisions when the interests of fetus and mother conflict. An example is the problem of choosing the delivery method when labour begins prematurely and the fetus is breech. Vaginal delivery involves risks for the breech fetus of brain damage or death caused by umbilical cord compression an...

    journal_title:Journal of medical ethics

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1136/jme.14.1.18

    authors: Anderson G,Strong C

    更新日期:1988-03-01 00:00:00

  • Balancing urgency, age and quality of life in organ allocation decisions--what would you do? A survey.

    abstract:PURPOSE:Explore public attitudes towards the trade-offs between justice and medical outcome inherent in organ allocation decisions. BACKGROUND:The US Task Force on Organ Transplantation recommended that considerations of justice, autonomy and medical outcome be part of all organ allocation decisions. Justice in this c...

    journal_title:Journal of medical ethics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1136/jme.2006.018291

    authors: Stahl JE,Tramontano AC,Swan JS,Cohen BJ

    更新日期:2008-02-01 00:00:00

  • The healthcare worker at risk during the COVID-19 pandemic: a Jewish ethical perspective.

    abstract::The current COVID-19 pandemic has raised many questions and dilemmas for modern day ethicists and healthcare providers. Are physicians, nurses and other healthcare workers morally obligated to put themselves in harm's way and treat patients during a pandemic, occurring a great risk to themselves, their families and po...

    journal_title:Journal of medical ethics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1136/medethics-2020-106294

    authors: Solnica A,Barski L,Jotkowitz A

    更新日期:2020-07-01 00:00:00

  • The turn for ultimate harm: a reply to Fenton.

    abstract::Elizabeth Fenton has criticised an earlier article by the authors in which the claim was made that, by providing humankind with means of causing its destruction, the advance of science and technology has put it in a perilous condition that might take the development of genetic or biomedical techniques of moral enhance...

    journal_title:Journal of medical ethics

    pub_type: 评论,杂志文章

    doi:10.1136/jme.2010.036962

    authors: Persson I,Savulescu J

    更新日期:2011-07-01 00:00:00

  • Royal College of Nursing (Rcn) code of professional conduct: a discussion document.

    abstract::We are printing in its entirety the discussion document which sets out a code of professional conduct for nurses published by the Royal College of Nursing in November 1976 together with commentaries by the Assistant Secretary of the British Medical Association, a professor of nursing studies, student nurses and a lawy...

    journal_title:Journal of medical ethics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1136/jme.3.3.115

    authors: Dawson JD,Altschul AT,Sampson C,Smith AM

    更新日期:1977-09-01 00:00:00

  • Ethical issues in screening for hearing impairment in newborns in developing countries.

    abstract::Screening of newborns for permanent congenital or early-onset hearing impairment has emerged as an essential component of neonatal care in developed countries, following favourable outcomes from early intervention in the critical period for optimal speech and language development. Progress towards a similar programme ...

    journal_title:Journal of medical ethics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1136/jme.2005.014720

    authors: Olusanya BO,Luxon LM,Wirz SL

    更新日期:2006-10-01 00:00:00

  • On the trail of the holy humanhood.

    abstract::The progress of the discussion about the 'indicators of humanhood' is reviewed, along with several associated problems. It is argued that a more serious problem is posed by social attitudes about mental handicap. The author concludes that an uncritical use of criteria of humanhood may simply reinforce a morally unjust...

    journal_title:Journal of medical ethics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1136/jme.15.2.90

    authors: Clinkenbeard WW

    更新日期:1989-06-01 00:00:00

  • Danish ethics council rejects brain death as the criterion of death -- commentary 2: return to Elsinore.

    abstract::No discussion of when an individual is dead is meaningful in the absence of a definition of death. If human death is defined as the irreversible loss of the capacity for consciousness combined with the irreversible loss of the capacity to breathe spontaneously (and hence to maintain a spontaneous heart beat) the deat...

    journal_title:Journal of medical ethics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1136/jme.16.1.10

    authors: Pallis C

    更新日期:1990-03-01 00:00:00

  • Assessing risk/benefit for trials using preclinical evidence: a proposal.

    abstract::Moral evaluation of risk/benefit in early phase studies requires assessing the clinical promise of a candidate intervention using preclinical evidence. Yet, there is little to guide ethics committees, investigators, sponsors or other stakeholders morally charged with making these assessments ('evaluators'). In what fo...

    journal_title:Journal of medical ethics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1136/medethics-2015-102882

    authors: Kimmelman J,Henderson V

    更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00

  • Translational ethics? The theory-practice gap in medical ethics.

    abstract::Translational research is now a critically important current in academic medicine. Researchers in all health-related fields are being encouraged not only to demonstrate the potential benefits of their research but also to help identify the steps through which their research might be 'made practical'. This paper consid...

    journal_title:Journal of medical ethics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1136/jme.2009.029785

    authors: Cribb A

    更新日期:2010-04-01 00:00:00

  • Functional neuroimaging and withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment from vegetative patients.

    abstract::Recent studies using functional magnetic resonance imaging of patients in a vegetative state have raised the possibility that such patients retain some degree of consciousness. In this paper, the ethical implications of such findings are outlined, in particular in relation to decisions about withdrawing life-sustainin...

    journal_title:Journal of medical ethics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1136/jme.2008.029165

    authors: Wilkinson DJ,Kahane G,Horne M,Savulescu J

    更新日期:2009-08-01 00:00:00

  • The burden of normality: from 'chronically ill' to 'symptom free'. New ethical challenges for deep brain stimulation postoperative treatment.

    abstract::Although an invasive medical intervention, Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) has been regarded as an efficient and safe treatment of Parkinson's disease for the last 20 years. In terms of clinical ethics, it is worth asking whether the use of DBS may have unanticipated negative effects similar to those associated with othe...

    journal_title:Journal of medical ethics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1136/medethics-2011-100044

    authors: Gilbert F

    更新日期:2012-07-01 00:00:00

  • Artificial nutrition and hydration in the patient with advanced dementia: is withholding treatment compatible with traditional Judaism?

    abstract::Several religious traditions are widely believed to advocate the use of life-sustaining treatment in all circumstances. Hence, many believe that these faiths would require the use of a feeding tube in patients with advanced dementia who have lost interest in or the capacity to swallow food. This article explores wheth...

    journal_title:Journal of medical ethics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1136/jme.27.1.12

    authors: Gillick MR

    更新日期:2001-02-01 00:00:00

  • Doctors and torture: the police surgeon.

    abstract::Much has been written by many distinguished persons about the philosophical, religious and ethical considerations of doctors and their involvement with torture. What follows will not have the erudition or authority of the likes of St Augustine, Mahatma Gandi, Schopenhauer or Thomas Paine. It represents the views of a ...

    journal_title:Journal of medical ethics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1136/jme.6.3.120

    authors: Burges SH

    更新日期:1980-09-01 00:00:00

  • Women's reproductive autonomy: medicalisation and beyond.

    abstract::Reproductive autonomy is central to women's welfare both because childbearing takes place in women's bodies and because they are generally expected to take primary responsibility for child rearing. In 2005, the factors that influence their autonomy most strongly are poverty and belief systems that devalue such autonom...

    journal_title:Journal of medical ethics

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1136/jme.2004.013193

    authors: Purdy L

    更新日期:2006-05-01 00:00:00

  • What about the dentist-patient relationship in dental tourism?

    abstract::Dental tourism is patients travelling across international borders with the intention of receiving dental care. It is a growing phenomenon that raises many ethical issues, particularly regarding the dentist-patient relationship. We discuss various issues related to this phenomenon, including patient autonomy over prac...

    journal_title:Journal of medical ethics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1136/medethics-2013-101415

    authors: Conti A,Delbon P,Laffranchi L,Paganelli C

    更新日期:2014-03-01 00:00:00

  • Equity - some theory and its policy implications.

    abstract::This essay seeks to characterise the essential features of an equitable health care system in terms of the classical Aristotelian concepts of horizontal and vertical equity, the common (but ill-defined) language of "need" and the economic notion of cost-effectiveness as a prelude to identifying some of the more import...

    journal_title:Journal of medical ethics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1136/jme.27.4.275

    authors: Culyer AJ

    更新日期:2001-08-01 00:00:00

  • Communication with the seriously ill: physicians' attitudes in Saudi Arabia.

    abstract:OBJECTIVES:To study some ethical problems created by accession of a previously nomadic and traditional society to modern invasive medicine, by assessment of physicians' attitudes towards sharing information and decision-making with patients in the setting of a serious illness. DESIGN:Self-completion questionnaire admi...

    journal_title:Journal of medical ethics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1136/jme.22.5.282

    authors: Mobeireek AF,al-Kassimi FA,al-Majid SA,al-Shimemry A

    更新日期:1996-10-01 00:00:00

  • When four principles are too many: bloodgate, integrity and an action-guiding model of ethical decision making in clinical practice.

    abstract::Medical ethical analysis remains dominated by the principlist account first proposed by Beauchamp and Childress. This paper argues that the principlist model is unreflective of how ethical decisions are taken in clinical practice. Two kinds of medical ethical decisions are distinguished: biosocial ethics and clinical ...

    journal_title:Journal of medical ethics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1136/medethics-2011-100136

    authors: Muirhead W

    更新日期:2012-04-01 00:00:00

  • Pregnancy in a severely mentally handicapped adult.

    abstract::What happens when we discover that a severely mentally handicapped girl, resident under our care, is heavily pregnant? What options are open to us in her management? What are the legal and ethical issues involved? How do we ensure that she receives the best possible care and protection and will the involvement of the ...

    journal_title:Journal of medical ethics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1136/jme.15.4.197

    authors: O'Hara J

    更新日期:1989-12-01 00:00:00

  • The BMA's guidance on conscientious objection may be contrary to human rights law.

    abstract::It is argued that the current policy of the British Medical Association (BMA) on conscientious objection is not aligned with recent human rights developments. These grant a right to conscientious objection to doctors in many more circumstances than the very few recognised by the BMA. However, this wide-ranging right m...

    journal_title:Journal of medical ethics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1136/medethics-2015-103222

    authors: Adenitire JO

    更新日期:2017-04-01 00:00:00

  • Best interests and the sanctity of life after W v M.

    abstract::The case of W v M and Others, in which the court rejected an application to withdraw artificial nutrition and hydration from a woman in a minimally conscious state, raises a number of profoundly important medico-legal issues. This article questions whether the requirement to respect the autonomy of incompetent patient...

    journal_title:Journal of medical ethics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1136/medethics-2012-100907

    authors: Mullock A

    更新日期:2013-09-01 00:00:00

  • Contributory injustice in psychiatry.

    abstract::I explain the notion of contributory injustice, a kind of epistemic injustice, and argue that it occurs within psychiatric services, affecting (at least) those who hear voices. I argue that individual effort on the part of clinicians to avoid perpetrating this injustice is an insufficient response to the problem; miti...

    journal_title:Journal of medical ethics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1136/medethics-2018-104761

    authors: Miller Tate AJ

    更新日期:2019-02-01 00:00:00

  • Tobacco regulation: autonomy up in smoke?

    abstract::Over the past few decades, "Big Tobacco" has spread its tentacles across the developing world with devastating results. The global incidence of smoking has increased exponentially in Africa, Asia and South America and it is leading to an equally rapid increase in the incidence of smoking-induced morbidity and mortalit...

    journal_title:Journal of medical ethics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1136/jme.2008.027847

    authors: Hooper CR,Agule C

    更新日期:2009-06-01 00:00:00