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Hepatitis E virus: Western Cape, South Africa.

Abstract：

AIM:To conduct a prospective assessment of anti-hepatitis E virus (HEV) IgG seroprevalence in the Western Cape Province of South Africa in conjunction with evaluating risk factors for exposure. METHODS:Consenting participants attending clinics and wards of Groote Schuur, Red Cross Children's Hospital and their affiliated teaching hospitals in Cape Town, South Africa, were sampled. Healthy adults attending blood donor clinics were also recruited. Patients with known liver disease were excluded and all major ethnic/race groups were included to broadly represent local demographics. Relevant demographic data was captured at the time of sampling using an interviewer-administered confidential questionnaire. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) status was self-disclosed. HEV IgG testing was performed using the Wantai® assay. RESULTS:HEV is endemic in the region with a seroprevalence of 27.9% (n = 324/1161) 95%CI: 25.3%-30.5% (21.9% when age-adjusted) with no significant differences between ethnic groups or HIV status. Seroprevalence in children is low but rapidly increases in early adulthood. With univariate analysis, age ≥ 30 years old, pork and bacon/ham consumption suggested risk. In the multivariate analysis, the highest risk factor for HEV IgG seropositivity (OR = 7.679, 95%CI: 5.38-10.96, P < 0.001) was being 30 years or older followed by pork consumption (OR = 2.052, 95%CI: 1.39-3.03, P < 0.001). A recent clinical case demonstrates that HEV genotype 3 may be currently circulating in the Western Cape. CONCLUSION:Hepatitis E seroprevalence was considerably higher than previously thought suggesting that hepatitis E warrants consideration in any patient presenting with an unexplained hepatitis in the Western Cape, irrespective of travel history, age or ethnicity.

journal_name

World J Gastroenterol

journal_title

World journal of gastroenterology

authors

Madden RG,Wallace S,Sonderup M,Korsman S,Chivese T,Gavine B,Edem A,Govender R,English N,Kaiyamo C,Lutchman O,van der Eijk AA,Pas SD,Webb GW,Palmer J,Goddard E,Wasserman S,Dalton HR,Spearman CW

doi

10.3748/wjg.v22.i44.9853

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2016-11-28 00:00:00

pages

9853-9859

issue

eissn

1007-9327

issn

2219-2840

journal_volume

pub_type

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Hepatitis E virus: Western Cape, South Africa.