CD40L is transferred to antigen-presenting B cells during delivery of T-cell help.

abstract：:The involvement of the CD2 (T11) molecule, an alternative activation pathway for T lymphocytes, in the regulation of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha/TNF receptor system in human T lymphocytes has been investigated. It has been found that both TNF-alpha synthesis and secretion were induced after incubation of purifie...

journal_title：European journal of immunology

authors： Santis AG,Campanero MR,Alonso JL,Sánchez-Madrid F

更新日期：1992-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:IL-7 plays many fundamental roles during murine B lineage development. One reported function is to maintain progenitors in a developmentally immature state by preventing differentiation to the surface IgM (sIgM)(+) stage. Withdrawal of IL-7 from cultures has been shown to lead to increases in mature traits such as RAG...

journal_title：European journal of immunology

authors： Milne CD,Fleming HE,Paige CJ

更新日期：2004-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II region is assumed to influence autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis. In the mouse, the H-2q haplotype is associated with susceptibility to collagen-induced arthritis, while the H-2p haplotype is not. The class II A molecules of these haplotypes differ by ...

journal_title：European journal of immunology

authors： Brunsberg U,Gustafsson K,Jansson L,Michaëlsson E,Ahrlund-Richter L,Pettersson S,Mattsson R,Holmdahl R

更新日期：1994-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and II products are specialized to present antigens via different intracellular processing routes. Peptides originating from proteins in the cytoplasm can gain access to class I peptide-binding grooves, most likely in the rough endoplasmic reticulum. Peptides from protein...

journal_title：European journal of immunology

authors： Zaghouani H,Kuzu Y,Kuzu H,Brumeanu TD,Swiggard WJ,Steinman RM,Bona CA

更新日期：1993-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The interaction between TCR and peptide-MHC is well described in terms of the recognition of the peptide, but the recognition of the MHC is less well understood. At issue is whether particular V gene products may have higher affinity for some MHC over others and to what extent the bound peptide influences V gene selec...

journal_title：European journal of immunology

authors： Battaglia M,Gorski J

更新日期：2002-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Although anti-inflammatory properties of glucocorticoids (GC) are well documented, their activity in allergic diseases is still controversial. Recently, it has been reported that GC can increase, both in vivo and in vitro, the polyclonal production of total IgE. In this study we investigated the effects of GC on the a...

journal_title：European journal of immunology

authors： Akdis CA,Blesken T,Akdis M,Alkan SS,Heusser CH,Blaser K

更新日期：1997-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Rabbit kappa light (L) chain allotypes are controlled by the allelic genes b4, b5, b6, b9 and a recently described allele b4v. The product of the b4v gene differs from that of b4 by at least two amino acid substitutions in the constant region. A serologic distinction between the b4 and b4v allotyes has now been detect...

journal_title：European journal of immunology

authors： Smith LJ,Sogh JA,Kindt TJ,Mandy WJ

更新日期：1979-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Prostaglandins (PG) are important modulators of immune and inflammatory responses. We recently demonstrated that the production of PGD(2) by the helminthic parasite Schistosoma mansoni inhibits the migration of epidermal Langerhans cells (LC) to the draining lymph nodes (DLN). Here, we identify the responsible parasit...

journal_title：European journal of immunology

authors： Hervé M,Angeli V,Pinzar E,Wintjens R,Faveeuw C,Narumiya S,Capron A,Urade Y,Capron M,Riveau G,Trottein F

更新日期：2003-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Natural Killer (NK) cell-based immunotherapy is a promising approach to treat hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The mechanisms underlying the regulation of NK cell activity are not completely understood. In this research, we identified the expression of taste receptor type 1 member 1 (T1R1) and taste receptor type 1 mem...

journal_title：European journal of immunology

authors： Liu S,Xu M,Zhu C,Zhao Q,Zhou F

更新日期：2018-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:To identify environmental stimuli that induce dendritic cell (DC) maturation, we exposed human monocyte-derived immature DC to apoptotic or necrotic cells and measured the levels of expression of costimulatory molecules and cytokine production. While most necrotic or apoptotic cells did not have any effect, some induc...

journal_title：European journal of immunology

authors： Salio M,Cerundolo V,Lanzavecchia A

更新日期：2000-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Stimulation of mixed lymphocyte cultures with ultraviolet (UV)-irradiated stimulator cells leads to selective activation of Lyt-2+ cytotoxic T lymphocyte precursors (CTL-P) to acquire interleukin 2 (IL2) reactivity: (a) no proliferative response, nor IL2 production was observed in these cultures; (b) upon addition of ...

journal_title：European journal of immunology

authors： Gullberg M,Larsson EL

更新日期：1982-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In rheumatoid arthritis (RA), T cells in the inflamed joint are considered to play a crucial role in the pathogenesis. However, despite the fact that synovial T cells have an activated memory phenotype, they are functionally suppressed upon combined CD3 and CD28 stimulation. Here, we analyzed the contribution of both ...

journal_title：European journal of immunology

authors： Maurice MM,van der Voort EA,Leow A,Levarht N,Breedveld FC,Verweij CL

更新日期：1998-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The in vitro immune response of murine spleen cells to the T cell-independent antigen, 2,4-dinitrophenyl-beta-alanyl-glycyl-glycyl-N(2-aminoethyl)carbamyl-methylated Ficoll (DAGG-Ficoll), requires the presence of macrophages, or 24-hr culture supernates from peritoneal cells. Complete reconstitution of the response by...

journal_title：European journal of immunology

authors： Nordin AA

更新日期：1978-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:B cells get help in the antibody response by presenting antigen to helper T (Th) cells. Upon antigen recognition, T cells produce lymphokines that act as growth and differentiation factors for B cells, but resting B cells require additional helper signals that depend on cell contact with an activated Th cell. Like lym...

journal_title：European journal of immunology

authors： Kawakami K,Parker DC

更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Human NK cells can be subdivided into CD56(dim) and CD56(bright) NK cells, which exhibit different phenotypical and functional characteristics. As murine NK cells lack CD56 or a distinct correlate, direct comparative studies of NK cells in mice and humans are limited. Although CD27 is currently proposed as a feasible ...

journal_title：European journal of immunology

authors： Marquardt N,Wilk E,Pokoyski C,Schmidt RE,Jacobs R

更新日期：2010-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Tumor-specific helper T cell activity was detected in the spleens of tumor-bearing mice using a sensitive, simple and reproducible in vitro assay based on those previously described for soluble hapten-carrier antigens. Helper activity disappears when the tumor is large. This is coincident with the appearance of two di...

journal_title：European journal of immunology

authors： Howie S,McBride WH

更新日期：1982-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Tapasin is a 48-kDa endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident glycoprotein that binds to the transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP) and mediates an interaction between TAP and newly synthesized MHC class I molecules. It is also essential for the proper antigen presenting function of HLA-A*0101 (HLA-A1), HLA-A*...

journal_title：European journal of immunology

authors： Lewis JW,Sewell A,Price D,Elliott T

更新日期：1998-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Just over a decade ago, it was established that NK cells in the thymus do not follow precisely the same developmental pathway as conventional NK cells that develop in the bone marrow. Subsequently, it has emerged that NK cells are one branch of a family of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs). ILC1s and thymic NK cells have, ...

journal_title：European journal of immunology

authors： Male V,Brady HJM

更新日期：2017-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:B cell-activating factor belonging to the TNF family (BAFF) and its receptor BAFF-R play critical roles in the maturation and survival of conventional peripheral B cells. However, they appeared to be dispensable for the generation and maintenance of CD5(+) B-1 cells as BAFF(-/-) and BAFF-R(-/-) mice have normal B-1 ce...

journal_title：European journal of immunology

authors： Ng LG,Ng CH,Woehl B,Sutherland AP,Huo J,Xu S,Mackay F,Lam KP

更新日期：2006-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We have determined the cell cycle position of individual mouse leukemia L 1210 cells by cytophotometric and autoradiographic techniques and simultaneously determined the amount of histocompatibility antigens expressed on the surface of individual cells by quantitative immunofluorescence. Interferon treatment of L 1210...

journal_title：European journal of immunology

authors： Killander D,Lindahl P,Lundin L,Leary P,Gresser I

更新日期：1976-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The murine T cell response to heterologous insulins provides a good model system for studying the mechanism of immune response (Ir)-gene function, since insulin is a small, chemically well-defined molecule. H-2b mice respond predominantly to A chain loop determinants of beef insulin, presented by the I-A epitope Ia. W...

journal_title：European journal of immunology

authors： Huber BT,Hochman PS

更新日期：1984-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The NLRP3 inflammasome is a molecular complex that translates signals from pathogens and tissue damage into inflammatory responses, and plays crucial roles in numerous neurological diseases. Activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome leads to caspase-1 dependent cleavage of pro-IL-1β to form mature IL-1β. By acting on the P...

journal_title：European journal of immunology

authors： Suzuki T,Kohyama K,Moriyama K,Ozaki M,Hasegawa S,Ueno T,Saitoe M,Morio T,Hayashi M,Sakuma H

更新日期：2020-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:T cell recognition of self antigens is a key event in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. To date, the initial events that trigger autoreactive T cells are unknown. The "molecular mimicry" hypothesis predicts that during an infection T cells that recognize both a microbial antigen and a related self peptide becom...

journal_title：European journal of immunology

authors： Maier B,Molinger M,Cope AP,Fugger L,Schneider-Mergener J,Sønderstrup G,Kamradt T,Kramer A

更新日期：2000-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Thyroglobulin-binding lymphoid cells were identified in the spleen of Obese strain (DS) chickens by their capacity to form rosettes with thyroglobulin-coated chicken red blood cells. The nature of these cells was studied in inhibition experiments using turkey anti-chicken bursa or thymus cell sera and rabbit antisera ...

journal_title：European journal of immunology

authors： Richter E,Wick G,Schauenstein K

更新日期：1975-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The T cell repertoire of BALB/c mice contains clones capable of recognizing p-azobenzenearsonate (ABA)-tyrosine (Tyr) in association with both I-A and I-E-encoded class II molecules. Immunization of BALB/c animals with ABA-GAT (terpolymer of L-Glu60-L-Ala30-L-Tyr10) or ABA-GLT (terpolymer of L-Glu51-L-Lys34-L-Tyr15) i...

journal_title：European journal of immunology

authors： Trannoy E,Regnier D,Campbell H,Seman M

更新日期：1985-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Immunologic control of C3 gene expression by tissue macrophages can be accomplished by treatment of spleen fragments with anti-C3 antibody. We now demonstrate that suppression of C3 requires participation of T lymphocytes of both the CD4+ and CD8+ phenotypes. Pretreatment of splenic tissue with anti-Thy-1.2 monoclonal...

journal_title：European journal of immunology

authors： Goldman MB,Knovich MA,Goldman JN

更新日期：1992-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In vivo, T cells expressing low-affinity TCR predominate in primary, but not in secondary responses, a process referred to as T cell affinity maturation. Using CD4 dependence as a measure of the avidity of the interaction between the allospecific TCR and the alloantigen, we show that a similar process occurs in mixed ...

journal_title：European journal of immunology

authors： van Bergen J,Kooy Y,Koning F

更新日期：2001-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Nonspecific T cell factors produced by lectin-activated human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) were used to restore the T-dependent B cell response to trinitrophenyl-polyacrylamide (TNP-PAA). Preincubation experiments with the particulate antigen TNP-PAA and/or a soluble TNP-protein conjugate show that a first speci...

journal_title：European journal of immunology

authors： Vazquez A,Gerard JP,Delfraissy JF,Dugas B,Auffredou MT,Crevon MC,Fradelizi D,Galanaud P

更新日期：1986-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The generation of effective type 1 T helper (Th1)-cell responses is required for immunity against intracellular bacteria. However, some intracellular bacteria require interleukin (IL)-17 to drive Th1-cell immunity and subsequent protective host immunity. Here, in a model of Mycobacterium bovis Bacille Calmette-Guerin ...

journal_title：European journal of immunology

authors： Gopal R,Lin Y,Obermajer N,Slight S,Nuthalapati N,Ahmed M,Kalinski P,Khader SA

更新日期：2012-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pre-graft priming of heart allograft recipients with donor strain blood induces tolerance in 100% of adult rats in the congenic LEW.1W to LEW.1A combination. This tolerant state is specific for donor MHC antigens as third-party blood transfusions fail to induce tolerance, and third-party skin grafts are promptly rejec...

journal_title：European journal of immunology

authors： van Denderen B,Pêche H,Gagne K,Usal C,Cuturi MC,Soulillou JP

更新日期：2001-05-01 00:00:00