Abstract：
:Microscopic plastic (microplastic, 0.1 µm-5 mm) is a widespread pollutant impacting upon aquatic ecosystems across the globe. Environmental sampling has revealed synthetic fibers are prevalent in seawater, sediments and biota. However, microplastic fibers are rarely used in laboratory studies as they are unavailable for purchase and existing preparation techniques have limited application. To facilitate the incorporation of environmentally relevant microplastic fibers into future studies, new methods are required. Here, a novel cryotome protocol has been developed. Nylon, polyethylene terephthalate and polypropylene fibers (10-28 μm diameter) were aligned, embedded in water-soluble freezing agent, and sectioned (40-100 μm length) using a cryogenic microtome. Microplastic fibers were prepared to specified lengths (P < 0.05, ANOVA) and proved consistent in size. Fluorescent labelling of Nylon microfibers with Nile Red facilitated imaging. A 24 h feeding experiment confirmed bioavailability of 10 × 40 μm Nylon fibers to brine shrimp (Artemia sp). This protocol provides a consistent method for preparing standardised fibrous microplastics, with widths similar to those observed in the natural environment, which could ultimately lead to a better understanding of the biological and ecological effects of microplastic debris in the environment.
journal_name
Sci Repjournal_title
Scientific reportsauthors
Cole Mdoi
10.1038/srep34519subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2016-10-03 00:00:00pages
34519issn
2045-2322pii
srep34519journal_volume
6pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:The immune system is constantly challenged, being required to protect the organism against a wide variety of infectious pathogens and, at the same time, to avoid autoimmune disorders. One of the most important molecules involved in these events is the Major Histocompatibility Complex class I (MHC-I), responsible for b...
journal_title：Scientific reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/srep18413
更新日期：2015-12-17 00:00:00
abstract：:Individuals with Angelman syndrome (AS) are characterized by severe cognitive impairments alongside an enhanced drive for social engagement. As knowledge on imitation skills in this population is limited, we conducted the first controlled study of imitation in AS. We examined how 23 individuals with AS and 21 typicall...
journal_title：Scientific reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/s41598-020-72079-3
更新日期：2020-10-02 00:00:00
abstract：:A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML version of this paper. The error has not been fixed in the paper. ...
journal_title：Scientific reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,已发布勘误
doi：10.1038/s41598-017-18707-x
更新日期：2018-01-15 00:00:00
abstract：:In glaucoma, retinal ganglion cells degenerate progressively, leading to visual field loss and blindness. Presently, the only treatment strategy for glaucoma is lowering the intraocular pressure. However, there are cases in which patients develop progressive visual field loss even though their intraocular pressures ar...
journal_title：Scientific reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/s41598-020-78731-2
更新日期：2020-12-10 00:00:00
abstract：:Glioblastoma multiforme has a poor prognosis and is highly chemoresistant. In this study, we implanted biodegradable 1,3-bis[2-chloroethyl]-1-nitroso-urea-, irinotecan-, and cisplatin-eluting poly[(d,l)-lactide-co-glycolide] (BIC/PLGA) and virgin nanofibrous membranes on the brain surface of C6 glioma-bearing rats in ...
journal_title：Scientific reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/srep30630
更新日期：2016-07-29 00:00:00
abstract：:In plants, the shikimate pathway generally occurs in plastids and leads to the biosynthesis of aromatic amino acids. Chorismate synthase (CS) catalyses the last step of the conversion of 5-enolpyruvylshikimate 3-phosphate (EPSP) to chorismate, but the role of CS in the metabolism of higher plants has not been reported...
journal_title：Scientific reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/s41598-020-67671-6
更新日期：2020-07-02 00:00:00
abstract：:Successful synthetic biology efforts rely on conceptual and experimental designs in combination with testing of multi-gene constructs. Despite recent progresses, several limitations still hinder the ability to flexibly assemble and collectively share different types of DNA segments. Here, we describe an advanced syste...
journal_title：Scientific reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/srep19278
更新日期：2016-01-13 00:00:00
abstract：:Traditional risk assessment and source apportionment of sediments based on bulk polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) can introduce biases due to unknown aging effects in various sediments. We used a mild solvent (hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin) to extract the bioavailable fraction of PAHs (a-PAHs) from sediment sampl...
journal_title：Scientific reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/srep23134
更新日期：2016-03-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) permits en bloc removal of superficial oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). However, post-procedure stricture is common after ESD for widespread tumours, and multiple endoscopic balloon dilation (EBD) procedures are required. We aimed to evaluate the safety and effectivene...
journal_title：Scientific reports
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1038/s41598-017-17663-w
更新日期：2017-12-12 00:00:00
abstract：:Natural hazards including floods can trigger catastrophic failures in interdependent urban transport network-of-networks (NoNs). Population growth has enhanced transportation demand while urbanization and climate change have intensified urban floods. However, despite the clear need to develop actionable insights for i...
journal_title：Scientific reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/s41598-020-66049-y
更新日期：2020-06-25 00:00:00
abstract：:Argininosuccinate synthetase 1 (ASS1) is the key enzyme that controls biosynthesis of arginine (Arg). ASS1 is silenced in many human malignancies therefore, these tumors require extracellular Arg for growth. The Arg-degrading recombinant protein, pegylated arginine deiminase (ADI-PEG20), has been in clinical trials fo...
journal_title：Scientific reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/s41598-017-11445-0
更新日期：2017-09-07 00:00:00
abstract：:Hyperspectral imaging technology is playing an increasingly important role in the fields of food analysis, medicine and biotechnology. To improve the speed of operation and increase the light throughput in a compact equipment structure, a Fourier transform hyperspectral imaging system based on a single-pixel technique...
journal_title：Scientific reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/srep45209
更新日期：2017-03-24 00:00:00
abstract：:Interleukin-8 (IL-8) as an important cytokine involving in inflammatory and immune response, has been studied as effective adjuvants for vaccines in mammals. However, there are fewer reports about the characterization and adjuvant effects of IL-8 in fish. In this study, cloning and sequence analysis of IL-8 coding reg...
journal_title：Scientific reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/srep29310
更新日期：2016-07-04 00:00:00
abstract：:Dengue virus (DENV) causes a wide range of illnesses in humans, including dengue fever and dengue haemorrhagic fever. Current animal models of DENV infection are limited for understanding infectious diseases in humans. Bonnet monkeys (Macaca radiata), a type of Old World monkey, have been used to study experimental an...
journal_title：Scientific reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/s41598-018-21582-9
更新日期：2018-02-21 00:00:00
abstract：:Natal habitat preference induction (NHPI) occurs when characteristics of the natal habitat influence the future habitat selection of an animal. However, the influence of NHPI after the dispersal phase has received remarkably little attention. We tested whether exposure to humans in the natal habitat helps understand w...
journal_title：Scientific reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/s41598-019-42835-1
更新日期：2019-04-25 00:00:00
abstract：:Current chemical markers based quality assessment methods largely fail to reflect intrinsic chemical complexity and multiple mechanisms of action of botanical drugs (BD). The development of novel quality markers is greatly needed. Here we propose bioactive chemical markers (BCM), defined as a group of chemo-markers th...
journal_title：Scientific reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/s41598-017-02305-y
更新日期：2017-05-25 00:00:00
abstract：:The degree of tumor removal at surgery is a major factor in predicting outcome for ovarian cancer. A single multimodality agent that can be used with magnetic resonance (MR) for staging and pre-surgical planning, and with optical imaging to aid surgical removal of tumors, would present a new paradigm for ovarian cance...
journal_title：Scientific reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/srep38991
更新日期：2016-12-22 00:00:00
abstract：:Multiplexed error-robust fluorescence in situ hybridization (MERFISH) allows simultaneous imaging of numerous RNA species in their native cellular environment and hence spatially resolved single-cell transcriptomic measurements. However, the relatively modest brightness of signals from single RNA molecules can become ...
journal_title：Scientific reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/s41598-019-43943-8
更新日期：2019-05-22 00:00:00
abstract：:The objective of this study was to investigate the associations between selenium exposure and cancer risk. We identified 69 studies and applied meta-analysis, meta-regression and dose-response analysis to obtain available evidence. The results indicated that high selenium exposure had a protective effect on cancer ris...
journal_title：Scientific reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析
doi：10.1038/srep19213
更新日期：2016-01-20 00:00:00
abstract：:Tupistra chinensis is widely distributed in southwestern China and its rhizome is a famous folk medicine for the treatment of carbuncles and pharyngitis. Its chemical identity of potent antiproliferative and anti-inflammatory constituents has been carried out in this study. Twenty-three polyhydroxylated spirostanol sa...
journal_title：Scientific reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/srep31633
更新日期：2016-08-17 00:00:00
abstract：:The value of image cytometry DNA ploidy analysis and dysplasia grading to predict malignant transformation has been determined in oral lesions considered to be at 'high' risk on the basis of clinical information and biopsy result. 10-year follow up data for 259 sequential patients with oral lesions clinically at 'high...
journal_title：Scientific reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/s41598-018-34165-5
更新日期：2018-10-26 00:00:00
abstract：:Muscle specific receptor tyrosine kinase (MuSK) is an essential postsynaptic transmembrane molecule that mediates clustering of acetylcholine receptors (AChR). MUSK exon 10 is alternatively skipped in human, but not in mouse. Skipping of this exon disrupts a cysteine-rich region (Fz-CRD), which is essential for Wnt-me...
journal_title：Scientific reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/srep06841
更新日期：2014-10-30 00:00:00
abstract：:Panax ginseng (GS) and Veratrum nigrum (VN) are representative of incompatible pairs in "eighteen antagonistic medicaments" that have been recorded in the Chinese medicinal literature for over 2,000 years. However, evidence linking interference effects with combination use is scare. Based on the estrogen-like effect o...
journal_title：Scientific reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/srep26924
更新日期：2016-05-27 00:00:00
abstract：:The Mont-Blanc massif, being iconic with its large glaciers and peaks of over 4,000 m, will experience a sharp increase in summer temperatures during the twenty-first century. By 2100, the impact of climate change on the cryosphere and hydrosphere in the Alps is expected to lead to a decrease in annual river discharge...
journal_title：Scientific reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/s41598-020-67379-7
更新日期：2020-06-26 00:00:00
abstract：:A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has been fixed in the paper. ...
journal_title：Scientific reports
pub_type： 已发布勘误
doi：10.1038/s41598-018-25625-z
更新日期：2018-05-23 00:00:00
abstract：:Several lines of evidence indicate that Fibronectin Extra Domain A (EDA) promotes metastatic capacity of tumor cells by engaging cell surface α9β1 integrins. This interaction mediated by the C-C loop of EDA activates pro-oncogenic signaling pathways leading to epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) of tumor cells,...
journal_title：Scientific reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/srep37151
更新日期：2016-11-16 00:00:00
abstract：:A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has not been fixed in the paper. ...
journal_title：Scientific reports
pub_type： 已发布勘误
doi：10.1038/s41598-018-22649-3
更新日期：2018-03-12 00:00:00
abstract：:PCR inhibitors in clinical specimens negatively affect the sensitivity of diagnostic PCR and RT-PCR or may even cause false-negative results. To overcome PCR inhibition, increase the sensitivity of the assays and simplify the detection protocols, simple methods based on quantitative nested real-time PCR and RT-PCR wer...
journal_title：Scientific reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/s41598-018-21224-0
更新日期：2018-02-21 00:00:00
abstract：:Cyanobacteria are attractive microbial hosts for production of chemicals using light and CO2. However, their low productivity of chemicals is a major challenge for commercial applications. This is mostly due to their relatively slow growth rate and carbon partitioning toward biomass rather than products. Many cyanobac...
journal_title：Scientific reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/s41598-019-57319-5
更新日期：2020-01-15 00:00:00
abstract：:An increase in mechanical load in the heart causes cardiac hypertrophy, either physiologically (heart development, exercise and pregnancy) or pathologically (high blood pressure and heart-valve regurgitation). Understanding cardiac hypertrophy is critical to comprehending the mechanisms of heart development and treatm...
journal_title：Scientific reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/srep20674
更新日期：2016-02-10 00:00:00
