Abstract：
:Most neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by intracellular aggregates of insoluble proteins. As for the majority of these disorders, aetiology and pathogenesis are only poorly understood; current nosological concepts are largely based on these molecular signatures of protein aggregates which also provide valuable tools for neuropathological differential diagnosis. The microtubule associated protein tau is one of these proteins that form intracellular fibrillary deposits in neurons and glial cells of a large variety of disorders today collectively referred to as tauopathies. While dysfunction of tau has unequivocally been shown to be able to cause neurodegeneration, the precise mechanisms of how tau is involved in neurodegenerative disorders is still poorly understood. After research has focused for several decades on the axonal function of tau and on the fibrillar tau aggregation, more recent cell biological studies have opened up new insights into the role of tau at the synapse and in the nucleus. According to currently emerging cell biological concepts, tau might play a role in the regulation of neuronal plasticity in a wide array of neuronal networks. In addition, it might be involved in regulating genome stability. The most intriguing question relevant both to physiological and pathophysiological function of tau is the biological meaning of the large heterogeneity of isoforms of tau which apparently is a rather promiscuous molecule. The present review is divided into two parts. First, we give an overview on the molecular biology and cell biology of tau and its physiological functions. The second part deals with the pathophysiology of tau and description of tauopathies which comprise more than 20 disorders including Alzheimer's disease, progressive supranuclear palsy, cortico basal degeneration, Pick's disease and others.
journal_name
Brain Res Bulljournal_title
Brain research bulletinauthors
Arendt T,Stieler JT,Holzer Mdoi
10.1016/j.brainresbull.2016.08.018subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2016-09-01 00:00:00pages
238-292issue
Pt 3eissn
0361-9230issn
1873-2747pii
S0361-9230(16)30232-5journal_volume
126pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Various reports have suggested that penehyclidine hydrochloride (PHC), a new cholinergic antagonist, exhibits a variety of biological actions such as anti-tumor and cardioprotective effects. This study aimed to investigate the effects of PHC on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury and evaluate whether the c-Jun ...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainresbull.2016.01.008
更新日期：2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In response to the growing interest in the prosimian Microcebus murinus for studies on cerebral aging, the stereotaxic atlas of its brain was carried out in view of further anatomical, biochemical, electrophysiological, and behavioral investigations as well as for therapeutic experiments. This primate, which could be ...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0361-9230(97)00458-9
更新日期：1998-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The two experiments of the present study examined the influence of bilateral electrophysiologically-guided ibotenic acid lesions of the medial (gustatory) and lateral (viscerosensory) subdivisions of the parabrachial nucleus (PBN) on lipoprivic feeding and on the acquisition of a conditioned taste aversion. In Experim...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0361-9230(02)00766-9
更新日期：2002-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Glutamate was found to be an excitatory neurotransmitter in the enteric nervous system. Although several lines of evidence indicate a role of glutamate in the regulation of gut motility and secretion the physiological significance of glutamatergic transmission is not clear yet. We studied the effect of glutamate on [3...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainresbull.2005.05.011
更新日期：2005-08-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Previous studies have suggested that experimental alterations in adrenomedullary reactivity, i.e., changes in catecholamine release in response to a standard dose of acetylcholine, may be partially accounted for by changes occurring at the level of the adrenal medulla itself, independent of both the central nervous sy...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0361-9230(88)90158-x
更新日期：1988-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Glutamate afferents reaching the ventral tegmental area (VTA) affect dopamine (DA) cells in this structure probably mainly via NMDA receptors. VTA appears to be one of the structures involved in regulation of hippocampal theta rhythm, and this work aimed at assessing the role of glutamatergic activation of the VTA in ...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainresbull.2014.06.001
更新日期：2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Traditional Medicine Practices (TMP) which are premised on indigenous knowledge and experiences within a local context of the culture and environment, are common place in low income countries. In Africa and in Uganda specifically, nearly 80% of the Ugandan population relies on TMP for the care of their menta...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.brainresbull.2018.07.018
更新日期：2019-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Current treatments for Parkinson's disease (PD) rely on a dopamine replacement strategy and are reasonably effective, particularly in the early stages of the disease. However, chronic dopaminergic therapy is limited by the development of a range of side effects, including dyskinesia. This has led to a search for alter...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainresbull.2004.10.011
更新日期：2005-12-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Effects of acute exposure (2 hr) to either 1.5% halothane or 0.5% methoxyflurane were investigated in the Sprague Dawley rat. Pituitary (PIT) and central nervous system (CNS) substance P (SP)-like and beta-endorphin (beta-end)-like immunoreactivities were evaluated immediately after anesthetic exposure (2 h), after ri...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0361-9230(97)00436-x
更新日期：1998-03-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Many similarities exist between the inhibitory influence of estrogen on food intake (FI) and body weight (BWt) in female rats and the effect of lateral hypothalamic (LH) lesions on energy balance. Thus, a possible interaction of small electrolytic LH lesions (0.8 mA/10 sec) with hormone-dependent changes in FI, BWt an...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0361-9230(78)90085-0
更新日期：1978-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.brainresbull.2019.05.013
更新日期：2019-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The serotonin(2A) (5HT(2A)) receptors have been shown to play an important role in several psychiatric disorders, including depression, schizophrenia, and alcoholism. This immunohistochemical study examined the cellular localization of 5HT(2A) receptors in various rat brain structures (olfactory, striatum, cortex, hip...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0361-9230(99)00278-6
更新日期：2000-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Unit responses to chorda tympani stimulation in urethane anesthetized rats were characterized by response latency and frequency following ability. One hundred and fifty one units responded with constant latencies, mean: 16.9 msec, S.D.: 7.8 msec. Responses recorded from within the superior salivatory nucleus (SSN) had...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0361-9230(83)90213-7
更新日期：1983-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Adenoviral vector directed gene transfer to rat facial motoneurons occurs efficiently following intra-parenchymal injection of relatively high dosages (> or =10(7) pfu per injection) of a prototype first generation adenoviral vector. However, high level of transgene expression, as observed during the first week follow...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0361-9230(98)00042-2
更新日期：1998-09-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The electroencephalographic (EEG) activity of the hippocampus was examined in adult freely moving rats that had had all of the neocortex, including the cingulate cortex and cingulum, removed at birth. Both the cholinergic and serotonergic forms of rhythmical slow activity (RSA or theta) were present in the dorsal hipp...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0361-9230(91)90017-e
更新日期：1991-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A wealth of previous studies reported pathological alterations in extrahippocampal regions in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. Previous experimental findings have also demonstrated that the entorhinal cortex and the neocortex are damaged in different animal models of acute limbic seizures. The present study was aimed at...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0361-9230(02)00811-0
更新日期：2002-08-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Methylphenidate (MPD) is currently one of the most prescribed drug therapies for attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and moreover is abused for cognitive enhancement and used for recreation by the young and adults. Methylphenidate is used for prolonged periods of time and its mechanism of action on the bra...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainresbull.2011.10.008
更新日期：2012-03-10 00:00:00
abstract：:Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disease associated with progressive memory and cognitive decline. Previous studies have identified the benefits of cognitive enrichment on reducing disease pathology. Additionally, epidemiological and clinical data suggest that repeated exercise, and cognitive and social enri...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainresbull.2015.07.001
更新日期：2015-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Rats were tested for intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) via bipolar electrodes situated throughout the thalamus. Of 112 animals in the study, 55 met the criteria for ICSS, with scores ranging from 55 to 921 bar-presses in a 15 minute session. A map of both positive and neutral placements is presented. Positive sites...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0361-9230(82)90072-7
更新日期：1982-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Fibroblast growth factor 9 (FGF9) is a member of the fibroblast growth factor family and is widely expressed in the central nervous system (CNS). However, it is not clear how the working mechanism of FGF9 is involved in cerebellar development. To address this question, we deleted the Fgf9 gene specifically in GABAergi...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainresbull.2019.10.012
更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainresbull.2020.05.017
更新日期：2020-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.brainresbull.2018.05.023
更新日期：2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of the peptide transmitter neurotensin (NT) on the release of acetylcholine (ACh), gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glutamate (Glu), aspartate (Asp), and taurine from the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of freely moving rats were studied by transversal microdialysis. Neurotensin (0.2 and 1 microM) administered loca...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainresbull.2008.04.003
更新日期：2008-09-30 00:00:00
abstract：:Serotonergic modulation of acetylcholine (ACh) release after neuron-specific increase of the expression of 5-HT(1B) receptors by gene transfer was studied in vitro and in vivo. The increased expression of the 5-HT(1B) receptor in vitro was induced by treating rat primary fetal septal cell cultures for 3 days with a vi...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainresbull.2008.01.015
更新日期：2008-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Both the lateral hypothalamus (LH) and reticular thalamus (RT) have been implicated in the integration of a variety of vital functions. To determine relevant connections more specifically between cells of these two regions in the rat, functional neurophysiological and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) histochemical techniq...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0361-9230(94)90083-3
更新日期：1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of histamine H3-receptor antagonists, thioperamide, and clobenpropit on amygdaloid kindled seizures were investigated in rats. Both intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) and intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections of H3-antagonists resulted in a dose-related inhibition of amygdaloid kindled seizures. An inhibition in...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0361-9230(98)00048-3
更新日期：1998-07-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of this magnetic resonance imaging study was to find a geometrical characterization of the deeper part of the corpus callosum. Its shape was studied in 12 middle-aged persons free of white matter pathology. Profiles of curvatures were measured showing that this surface was close to a minimal one, especially at...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0361-9230(97)00113-5
更新日期：1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The neural substrate of anxiety response (state anxiety) to a threatening situation is well defined. However, a lot less is known about brain structures implicated in the individual's predisposition to anxiety (trait anxiety). Scientific evidences lead us to suppose that the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is involved...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainresbull.2018.08.009
更新日期：2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Carbon monoxide (CO) and nitric oxide (NO) modulate inflammatory nociception and anxiety. We evaluate whether treatments with a heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) inducer (CoPP) or a carbon monoxide-releasing molecule (CORM-2) are capable of inhibiting inflammatory pain aversiveness in wild type (WT) and inducible nitric oxide s...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainresbull.2021.01.002
更新日期：2021-01-07 00:00:00
abstract：:In precollicular decerebrate cats, the vestibulospinal reflex (VSR) was intermittently recorded from the triceps brachii during sinusoidal roll tilt of the whole animal (at 0.15 Hz, +/- 10 degrees), leading to selective stimulation of labyrinth receptors. This reflex, tested during and after a 3-h period of sustained ...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0361-9230(94)90156-2
更新日期：1994-01-01 00:00:00
