Abstract:
:Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is the most common motor neuron (MN) disease and is clinically characterised by the death of corticospinal motor neurons (CSMNs), spinal and brainstem MNs and the degeneration of the corticospinal tract. Degeneration of CSMNs and MNs leads inexorably to muscle wastage and weakness, progressing to eventual death within 3-5 years of diagnosis. The CSMNs, located within layer V of the primary motor cortex, project axons constituting the corticospinal tract, forming synaptic connections with brainstem and spinal cord interneurons and MNs. Clinical ALS may be divided into familial (∼10% of cases) or sporadic (∼90% of cases), based on apparent random incidence. The emergence of transgenic murine models, expressing different ALS-associated mutations has accelerated our understanding of ALS pathogenesis, although precise mechanisms remain elusive. Multiple avenues of investigation suggest that cortical electrical abnormalities have pre-eminence in the pathophysiology of ALS. In addition, glutamate-mediated functional and structural alterations in both CSMNs and MNs are present in both sporadic and familial forms of ALS. This review aims to promulgate debate in the field with regard to the common aetiology of sporadic and familial ALS. A specific focus on a nexus point in ALS pathogenesis, namely, the synaptic and intrinsic hyperexcitability of CSMNs and MNs and alterations to their structure are comprehensively detailed. The association of extramotor dysfunction with neuronal structural/functional alterations will be discussed. Finally, the implications of the latest research on the dying-forward and dying-back controversy are considered.
journal_name
Brain Res Bulljournal_title
Brain research bulletinauthors
Fogarty MJdoi
10.1016/j.brainresbull.2018.05.023subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2018-06-01 00:00:00pages
318-333eissn
0361-9230issn
1873-2747pii
S0361-9230(18)30210-7journal_volume
140pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Parkinson's disease (PD) is mostly known as a dopamine deficiency syndrome due the structural and functional changes in striatal projection neurons. However, studies have considered this pathology as a multi-systemic disease in which the neurodegenerative process extends beyond the dopaminergic system. Therefore, the ...
journal_title:Brain research bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2019.01.009
更新日期:2019-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Arachidonic acid [20:4(N-6)] has been implicated in neurological damage induced by cerebral ischaemia. Membrane arachidonate concentrations can be reduced by changes in dietary fat intake. Therefore, in the present study, we have investigated the effects of N-3 fatty acid supplementation on neuronal damage induced by ...
journal_title:Brain research bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0361-9230(93)90180-j
更新日期:1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mutations in PLA2G6, which encodes calcium-independent phospholipase A(2) group VIA (iPLA2-VIA), underlie the autosomal recessive disorder infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy (INAD). INAD typically presents in the first year of life, and leads to optic atrophy and psychomotor regression. We have examined PLA2G6 expression...
journal_title:Brain research bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2010.08.011
更新日期:2010-11-20 00:00:00
abstract::We investigated whether a continuous supply of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) via encapsulated genetically modified cells can promote survival and fiber outgrowth from xenotransplanted human dopaminergic neurons. Cells genetically engineered to continuously secrete GDNF were confined in hollow fibe...
journal_title:Brain research bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2005.04.009
更新日期:2005-07-30 00:00:00
abstract::The firing rate of the nerves innervating interscapular brown adipose tissue (IBAT), IBAT and colonic temperatures (TIBAT and Tc), heart rate, and oxygen (O2) consumption were monitored in urethane-anesthetized male Sprague-Dawley rats. These variables were measured for 40 min before (baseline values) and 40 min after...
journal_title:Brain research bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0361-9230(95)00032-a
更新日期:1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::It has been suggested that the stimulation of the secretion of PRL by the alpha 2 adrenergic receptor antagonists (yohimbine, piperoxane) results from blockade of an inhibitory influence imposed on PRL release by the central alpha 2 receptors (7, 15). Our present results do not support these conclusions for the follow...
journal_title:Brain research bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0361-9230(89)90184-6
更新日期:1989-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::A high correlation between alcohol use and smoking has long been suggested by epidemiological data. We examined the potential behavioral interactions between ethanol and nicotine using ethanol-induced motor incoordination as the test response in mice. Effect of pretreatment of various doses of (-)-nicotine, (-)-cotini...
journal_title:Brain research bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0361-9230(93)90314-2
更新日期:1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Klotho, which is a life extension factor, and erythropoietin (EPO) have been introduced as effective neuroprotective factors in several neurological disorders. The present study is an attempt to examine the potential role of klotho and EPO in therapeutic effect of curcumin-loaded nanoparticles (NPs) in pentylenetetraz...
journal_title:Brain research bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2018.08.010
更新日期:2018-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Brain research bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2010.07.004
更新日期:2010-08-30 00:00:00
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journal_title:Brain research bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0361-9230(81)80063-9
更新日期:1981-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The neuronal tracer DiI was applied to different brain centers of the rainbow trout in order to study the connections of pretectal nuclei. Our results showed that some pretectal nuclei receive a direct projection from the contralateral retina: the parvocellular superficial pretectal nucleus, the central pretectal nucl...
journal_title:Brain research bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2007.10.020
更新日期:2008-03-18 00:00:00
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journal_title:Brain research bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0361-9230(94)90252-6
更新日期:1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Serotonin has been postulated to influence several developmental parameters. The potential role of serotonin in the development of the rat olfactory bulb, a simple cortical structure, was determined following selective depletion of serotonin to the olfactory bulb of neonate rats. In the neonate, 5,7-dHT was injected i...
journal_title:Brain research bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0361-9230(94)90062-0
更新日期:1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The antidepressant desipramine has been shown to decrease synaptic membrane concentrations of the norepinephrine re-uptake transporter (NET) in vivo and in vitro, on both an acute and a chronic basis. The possible contribution of decreased NET synthesis to the chronic downregulation of the NETs has not been definitive...
journal_title:Brain research bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0361-9230(99)00063-5
更新日期:1999-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study is a summary of investigations in the last decade with several collaborators on representatives of different vertebrate stocks. The results suggest that in the main vertebrate stocks (Agnathi, Chondrichthyes, Actinopterygii, Sarcopterygii-Amniotes), which had their parallel brain evolutions from the laminar...
journal_title:Brain research bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0361-9230(01)00713-4
更新日期:2002-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Diminished sensitivity to kainic acid (KA) lesioning action is present in the hippocampus of the lactating dam. Given that KA can alter blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability, we investigated whether lactation would protect BBB permeability after treatment with this neurotoxin. Adult virgin or lactating (13-15 days pp...
journal_title:Brain research bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2018.11.020
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sleepiness and driving is a dangerous combination that causes thousands of crashes each year resulting in injury and death. In the last few years, driving simulators have been used to study the performance decrements associated with drowsiness. We correlated performances of a driving simulation task in healthy volunte...
journal_title:Brain research bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2003.12.015
更新日期:2004-06-30 00:00:00
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journal_title:Brain research bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2020.07.024
更新日期:2020-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Brain research bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0361-9230(86)90237-6
更新日期:1986-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Brain research bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2008.02.028
更新日期:2008-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To explore the unified and disease specific structural features of the brain in patients spanning six mental disorders who experience own-thought auditory verbal hallucinations (OTAVH). METHODS:A pilot study was conducted on 25 patients with schizophrenia (FUSCH-OTAVH), 20 patients with major depression diso...
journal_title:Brain research bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2020.04.001
更新日期:2020-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::We report results of chromatographic, pH titration and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy studies demonstrating that the bovine pineal antireproductive tripeptide, Thr-Ser-Lys (BPART), binds to luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) at a site comprised of LHRH 2-5 (His-Trp-Ser-Tyr). BPART and LHRH hav...
journal_title:Brain research bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0361-9230(86)90219-4
更新日期:1986-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The study examines the influence of vestibular and leg proprioceptive cues on the maintenance of the body vertical in human stance. Vestibular body orientation cues were changed by applying bipolar currents to both mastoid bones (cosine-bell wave form of 3.3 s duration, 1 mA current intensity). Proprioceptive input wa...
journal_title:Brain research bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0361-9230(96)00138-4
更新日期:1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and growth hormone (GH) have been suggested to promote memory and cognitive capabilities. In a recent publication we observed that GH increase the proportion of the NR2B subunit mRNA transcript of the NMDA receptor in rat hippocampus. NR2B has been suggested to be essential for spa...
journal_title:Brain research bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2005.01.012
更新日期:2005-05-15 00:00:00
abstract::We previously showed that inhibition of brain NO production suppresses sleep in rats and rabbits. In the present experiments we studied the effects of stimulation of NO-receptive brain mechanisms on sleep. Male rats were injected intra-cerebroventricularly with the NO donor S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP, 400 m...
journal_title:Brain research bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0361-9230(96)00227-4
更新日期:1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The ability of homotypic cortical tissue grafts to induce recovery of function after a gustatory neocortex (GN) lesion was studied using the conditioned taste aversion (CTA) paradigm. On acquisition day, 26 GN-lesioned and 8 sham-lesioned rats were presented with a saccharin solution, followed by an injection of the i...
journal_title:Brain research bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0361-9230(88)90222-5
更新日期:1988-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Microtubules are essential for the development and maintenance of axons and dendrites throughout the life of the neuron, and are vulnerable to degradation and disorganization in a variety of neurodegenerative diseases. Microtubules, polymers of tubulin heterodimers, are intrinsically polar structures with a plus end f...
journal_title:Brain research bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2016.06.016
更新日期:2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The sources of noradrenergic (NA) innervation to the hypoglossal nucleus (nXII) in the rat were investigated with double-labeling histochemical/immunocytochemical and lesion/degeneration techniques. Following injection of wheat germ-agglutinin conjugated to horseradish peroxidase into nXII, brain stem sections were re...
journal_title:Brain research bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0361-9230(92)90168-w
更新日期:1992-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Windup, the frequency dependent build-up of spinal neuronal responses is an electrophysiological model of the development of the central sensitization in the chronic pain states. NR2B subunit containing NMDA-type glutamate receptors are implicated in the windup of dorsal horn neurons, while their role at the motoneuro...
journal_title:Brain research bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2004.06.002
更新日期:2004-08-30 00:00:00
abstract::Proneuropeptide Y (proNPY) is posttranslationally processed to NPY(1-36)amide and the C-terminal flanking peptide of NPY (CPON). Antisera directed against the N-terminal part of NPY, CPON, or CysNPY(32-36)amide were used to identify peptide fragments processed from proNPY in biopsies of human frontal cortical specimen...
journal_title:Brain research bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0361-9230(93)90235-4
更新日期:1993-01-01 00:00:00