Abstract：
:Nearly two thirds of the approximately 700 species of living salamanders are lungless. These species respire entirely through the skin and buccopharyngeal mucosa. Lung loss dramatically impacts the configuration of the circulatory system but the effects of evolutionary lung loss on cardiac morphology have long been controversial. For example, there is presumably little need for an atrial septum in lungless salamanders due to the absence of pulmonary veins and the presence of a single source of mixed blood flowing into the heart, but whether lungless salamanders possess an atrial septum and whether the sinoatrial aperture is located in the left or right atrium are unresolved; authors have stated opposing claims since the late 1800s. Here, we use micro-computed tomography (μ-CT) imaging, gross dissection and histological reconstruction to compare cardiac morphology among lungless plethodontid salamanders (Plethodontidae), salamanders with lungs, and the convergently lungless species Onychodactylus japonicus (Hynobiidae). Plethodontid salamanders have partial atrial septa and incomplete separation of the atrium into left and right halves. Partial septation is also seen in O. japonicus. Hence, lungless salamanders from two lineages convergently evolved similar morphology of the atrial septum. The partial septum in lungless salamanders can make it appear that the sinoatrial aperture is in the left atrium, but this interpretation is incorrect. Outgroup comparisons demonstrate that the aperture is located in a posterodorsal extension of the right atrium into the left side of the heart. Independent evolutionary losses of the atrial septum may have a similar developmental basis. In mammals, the lungs induce formation of the atrial septum by secreting morphogens to neighboring mesenchyme. We hypothesize that the lungs induce atrial septum development in amphibians in a similar fashion to mammals, and that atrial septum reduction in lungless salamanders is a direct result of lunglessness.
journal_name
J Anatjournal_title
Journal of anatomyauthors
Lewis ZR,Hanken Jdoi
10.1111/joa.12535subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2017-01-01 00:00:00pages
16-29issue
1eissn
0021-8782issn
1469-7580journal_volume
230pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:This study reports the tissue distribution of Hepatocyte Growth Factor-Scatter Factor (HGF/SF) in human fetal tissue using Northern analysis and in situ hybridisation techniques. In tissue from fetuses of 9-17 wk gestational age, the 6 kb mRNA transcript for HGF/SF was demonstrated in many tissues but prominently in l...
journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1994-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Whether the 1st segment of the human autopod 1st ray is a 'true' metapodial with loss of the proximal or mid phalanx or the original basal phalanx with loss of the metacarpal has been a long-lasting discussion. The actual knowledge of the developmental pattern of upper autopod segments at a fetal age of 20-22 weeks, c...
journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/joa.12883
更新日期：2018-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Forelimb reduction occurred independently in multiple lineages of theropod dinosaurs. Although tyrannosaurs are renowned for their tiny, two-fingered forelimbs, the degree of their reduction in length is surpassed by abelisaurids, which possess an unusual morphology distinct from that of other theropods. The forelimbs...
journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/joa.12660
更新日期：2017-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The number of neurons and glia in the mouse abducens nerve nucleus was estimated at 6, 25, 28 and 31 months of age. There was no significant variation in either the number of neurons (mean 118) or glia (mean 168) or in the glia to neuron ratio (mean 1.42) with age. Mean neuronal and glial nuclear diameters also remain...
journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1989-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The behavioral differences in muscle use are related to the fiber type composition of the muscles among other variables. The aim of this study was to examine the degree of heterogeneity in the fiber type composition in the rat temporalis muscle. The temporalis muscle was taken from 10-week-old Wistar strain male rats ...
journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1469-7580.2008.00990.x
更新日期：2008-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The posterior orbitofrontal cortex, anterior temporal sensory association areas and the amygdala have a key role in emotional processing and are robustly interconnected. By analogy with the pattern of connections in early processing sensory areas, anterior temporal sensory and polymodal association cortices send prima...
journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1469-7580.2007.00777.x
更新日期：2007-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/joa.12983
更新日期：2019-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1469-7580.2011.01388.x
更新日期：2011-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1469-7580.2010.01262.x
更新日期：2010-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/joa.13302
更新日期：2021-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1469-7580.2011.01386.x
更新日期：2011-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/joa.12248
更新日期：2014-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1985-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/joa.12220
更新日期：2014-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/joa.13207
更新日期：2020-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1992-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1977-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1977-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1994-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/joa.12619
更新日期：2017-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：1999-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1983-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1977-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：1998-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1985-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1996-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1987-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/joa.12511
更新日期：2016-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/joa.13151
更新日期：2020-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1977-04-01 00:00:00
