Abstract:
:The causes underlying sex differences in lifespan are strongly debated. While females commonly outlive males in humans, this is generally less pronounced in societies before the demographic transition to low mortality and fertility rates. Life-history theory suggests that reduced reproduction should benefit female lifespan when females pay higher costs of reproduction than males. Using unique longitudinal demographic records on 140,600 reproducing individuals from the Utah Population Database, we demonstrate a shift from male-biased to female-biased adult lifespans in individuals born before versus during the demographic transition. Only women paid a cost of reproduction in terms of shortened post-reproductive lifespan at high parities. Therefore, as fertility decreased over time, female lifespan increased, while male lifespan remained largely stable, supporting the theory that differential costs of reproduction in the two sexes result in the shifting patterns of sex differences in lifespan across human populations. Further, our results have important implications for demographic forecasts in human populations and advance our understanding of lifespan evolution.
journal_name
Sci Repjournal_title
Scientific reportsauthors
Bolund E,Lummaa V,Smith KR,Hanson HA,Maklakov AAdoi
10.1038/srep24672subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2016-04-18 00:00:00pages
24672issn
2045-2322pii
srep24672journal_volume
6pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Global climate change has resulted in a warmer Arctic, with projections indicating accelerated modifications to permafrost in the near future. The thermal, hydrological, and mechanical physics of permafrost thaw have been hypothesized to couple in a complex fashion but data collection efforts to study these feedbacks ...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-018-29292-y
更新日期:2018-07-19 00:00:00
abstract::The niacin receptor HCA2 is implicated in controlling inflammatory host responses with yet poorly understood mechanistic basis. We previously reported that HCA2 in A431 epithelial cells transduced Gβγ-protein kinase C- and Gβγ-metalloproteinase/EGFR-dependent MAPK/ERK signaling cascades. Here, we investigated the role...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/srep42279
更新日期:2017-02-10 00:00:00
abstract::A plasmonic Ag/TiO2 photocatalytic composite was designed by selecting Ag quantum dots (Ag QDs) to act as a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) photosensitizer for driving the visible-light driven photoelectrocatalytic hydrogen evolution. Vertically oriented hierarchical TiO2 nanotube arrays (H-TiO2-NTAs) with macroporous...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/srep10461
更新日期:2015-06-12 00:00:00
abstract::Klf5, a member of the Krüppel-like transcription factor family, has essential roles during embryonic development, cell proliferation, differentiation, migration and apoptosis. This study was to define molecular mechanism of Klf5 during the odontoblastic differentiation. The expression of Klf5, odontoblast-differentiat...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/srep46746
更新日期:2017-04-25 00:00:00
abstract::Electroporation (EP), the increase of cell membrane permeability due to the application of electric pulses, is a universal phenomenon with a broad range of applications. In medicine, some of the foremost EP-based tumor treatments are electrochemotherapy (ECT), irreversible electroporation, and gene electrotransfer (GE...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-020-79858-y
更新日期:2021-01-14 00:00:00
abstract::Surface-mount techniques primarily depend on soldering. However, soldering techniques have encountered some challenges in recent years. These challenges include rare metal recycling, thermal problems, and Pb toxicity. We recently developed a metallic nanowire surface fastener (NSF) to resolve the abovementioned proble...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-018-37693-2
更新日期:2019-01-31 00:00:00
abstract::Allergic contact hypersensitivity (CHS) is an inflammatory skin disease mediated by allergen specific T cells. In this study, we investigated the role of transcription factor NFAT1 in the pathogenesis of contact hypersensitivity. NFAT1 knock out (KO) mice spontaneously developed CHS-like skin inflammation in old age. ...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/srep19453
更新日期:2016-01-18 00:00:00
abstract::Invasive motor Cortex Stimulation (iMCS) was introduced in the 1990's for the treatment of chronic neuropathic orofacial pain (CNOP), although its effectiveness remains doubtful. However, CNOP is known to be a heterogeneous group of orofacial pain disorders, which can lead to different responses to iMCS. Therefore, th...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1038/s41598-020-64177-z
更新日期:2020-04-28 00:00:00
abstract::Chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) is a common gastrointestinal disease which has been considered as precancerous lesions of gastric carcinoma. Previously, electro-acupuncture stimulation has been shown to be effective in ameliorating symptoms of CAG. However the underlying mechanism of this beneficial treatment is yet ...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/srep45580
更新日期:2017-03-30 00:00:00
abstract::Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) kinetics predicts survival in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC); however, the influence of prior treatment on this relationship is unclear. Patients with CRPC were stratified according to time to PSA nadir and time to CRPC progression to investigate their prognostic significan...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-019-48424-6
更新日期:2019-08-15 00:00:00
abstract::Ovule-derived haploid culture is an effective and important method for genetic study and plant breeding. Gerbera hybrida is a highly heterozygous species, and the lack of homozygous lines presents a challenge for molecular genetic research. Therefore, we performed haploid induction through unpollinated ovule culture a...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-020-58552-z
更新日期:2020-02-03 00:00:00
abstract::It was previously demonstrated that microRNA-199a (miR-199a) was down-regulated in testicular germ cell tumor (TGCT) partially caused by hypermethylation of its promoter. miR-199a is encoded by two loci in the human genome, miR-199a-1 on chromosome (Chr) 19 and miR-199a-2 on Chr 1. Both loci encode the same miR-199a. ...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/srep06413
更新日期:2014-09-18 00:00:00
abstract::In cytochrome c oxidase (CytcO) reduction of O2 to water is linked to uptake of eight protons from the negative side of the membrane: four are substrate protons used to form water and four are pumped across the membrane. In bacterial oxidases, the substrate protons are taken up through the K and the D proton pathways,...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-019-56648-9
更新日期:2019-12-27 00:00:00
abstract::Production of fly ash zeolites may be an attractive method for the utilization of solid wastes from the energy sector. Different methods of synthesis often yield a variety of zeolite types, thereby affecting the properties of the resulting materials. The attention paid to carbon dioxide emission reduction technologies...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-020-58591-6
更新日期:2020-02-04 00:00:00
abstract::Macrophages play an important role in the inflammatory process that contributes to the development of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). Studies of human and mouse AAA tissue reveal expanded populations of macrophages producing an abundance of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-12p40 and high level of metal...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-019-46909-y
更新日期:2019-07-18 00:00:00
abstract::Myelination is critical for transduction of neuronal signals, neuron survival and normal function of the nervous system. Myelin disorders account for many debilitating neurological diseases such as multiple sclerosis and leukodystrophies. The lack of experimental models and tools to observe and manipulate this process...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-017-18744-6
更新日期:2018-01-11 00:00:00
abstract::This study evaluated the impact of mechanically stimulated saliva on initial bacterial colonization. Interaction between oral bacteria and both unstimulated and stimulated saliva was examined in vitro by laying labeled bacteria over SDS-PAGE-separated salivary proteins. The effects of chewing on in vivo biofilm, micro...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-019-48211-3
更新日期:2019-08-14 00:00:00
abstract::Novel amorphous iron hydrides (AIHs) are synthesized for the first time under ambient conditions by employing novel "quiescent reaction", without stirring for mixing solutions, during a conventional aqueous reduction-precipitation process. The kind and morphology of AIHs are dependent on the processing condition, wher...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-020-63124-2
更新日期:2020-04-10 00:00:00
abstract::A novel marine strain representing efficient degradation ability toward brown algae was isolated, identified, and assigned to Bacillus weihaiensis Alg07. The alga-associated marine bacteria promote the nutrient cycle and perform important functions in the marine ecosystem. The de novo sequencing of the B. weihaiensis ...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/srep38248
更新日期:2016-11-30 00:00:00
abstract::Radiation weighting factor wR for photons and electrons has been defined as unity independently of the energy of the particles. However, the biological effects depend on the incident energies according to in vitro experimental data. In this study, we have quantified the energy concentration along electron tracks in te...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-019-54081-6
更新日期:2019-11-27 00:00:00
abstract::The present study tested whether the LPS/TLR4 signal pathway in endometrial stromal cells is essential for the pathogenesis of adenomyosis. We tested the expression of TLR4, MD2 in the endometrium without adenomyosis (CE), the eutopic endometrium with adenomyosis (EuE) and the ectopic endometrium with adenomyosis (EE)...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/srep21416
更新日期:2016-02-22 00:00:00
abstract::Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) is an ophthalmic emergency, which usually requires prompt surgery to prevent further detachment and restore sensory function. Although several individual factors have been suggested, a systems level understanding of molecular pathomechanisms underlying this severe eye disorder i...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-020-80005-w
更新日期:2021-01-13 00:00:00
abstract::A dual-specificity, paralogue-free Cdc14 phosphatase was located in the nuclei of Beauveria bassiana (filamentous entomopathogen) and functionally characterized. Inactivation of cdc14 caused defective cytokinesis due to multinucleate cells formed in Δcdc14 and 89% decrease of blastospore production, followed by slower...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/srep03086
更新日期:2013-10-30 00:00:00
abstract::Microtubule-associated protein 1B (MAP1B) is expressed predominantly during the early stages of development of the nervous system, where it regulates processes such as axonal guidance and elongation. Nevertheless, MAP1B expression in the brain persists in adult stages, where it participates in the regulation of the st...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/srep30069
更新日期:2016-07-18 00:00:00
abstract::We have purified the mammalian synaptophysin/synaptobrevin (SYP/VAMP2) complex to homogeneity in the presence of cholesterol and determined the 3D EM structure by single particle reconstruction. The structure reveals that SYP and VAMP2 assemble into a hexameric ring wherein 6 SYP molecules bind 6 VAMP2 dimers. Using t...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/srep13659
更新日期:2015-09-03 00:00:00
abstract::An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper. ...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 已发布勘误
doi:10.1038/s41598-020-57442-8
更新日期:2020-01-15 00:00:00
abstract::A novel three dimensional blood brain barrier (BBB) platform was developed by independently supplying different types of media to separate cell types within a single device. One channel (vascular channel, VC) is connected to the inner lumen of the vascular network while the other supplies media to the neural cells (ne...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-017-07416-0
更新日期:2017-08-14 00:00:00
abstract::For patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), the primary therapeutic goal is to minimize morbidity. Non-invasive ventilation improves survival. We aim to assess whether Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of the cervical spinal cord predicts the progression of respiratory disorders in ALS. Brain and spinal MRI ...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-018-19938-2
更新日期:2018-01-29 00:00:00
abstract::Parkinson's Disease can be understood as a disorder of motor habits. A prediction of this theory is that early stage Parkinson's patients will display fewer errors caused by interference from previously over-learned behaviours. We test this prediction in the domain of skilled typing, where actions are easy to record a...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-019-39294-z
更新日期:2019-03-04 00:00:00
abstract::Urinary incontinence of idiopathic nature is a common complication of bladder cancer, yet, the mechanisms underlying changes in bladder contractility associated with cancer are not known. Here by using tensiometry on detrusor smooth muscle (DSM) strips from normal rats and rats with bladder cancer induced by known uro...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-020-76653-7
更新日期:2020-11-12 00:00:00