Abstract：
AIM:To identify risk factors of diabetic retinopathy (DR) among people with Type 2 diabetes mellitus in UK primary care. METHODS:A case-control study nested in a cohort of incident Type 2 diabetes identified in The Health Improvement Network database from 2000 to 2007. Cases were people with DR (N=7735) and controls were a DR-free sample (N=9395). No age restrictions were applied. Adjusted odds ratios and 95% CIs were estimated. RESULTS:21% of DR cases were identified during the first semester after Type 2 diabetes diagnosis. After controlling for delay on the Type 2 diabetes diagnosis, the DR risk increased with the duration of diabetes. DR increased with a mean systolic BP ≥150mmHg (1.18; 1.10-1.27), high alcohol consumption (1.34; 1.11-1.61), glycated haemoglobin (≥75 to <86: 1.14; 1.00-1.31; ≥86 to <97mmol/mol: 1.25; 1.07-1.45; ≥97mmol/mol: 1.21; 1.07-1.37), microalbuminuria (1.16; 1.06-1.27), and retinal vein occlusion (2.47; 1.67-3.66). Glaucoma and retinal arterial occlusion showed an OR of 0.71 (0.60-0.84) and 0.63 (0.40-1.01), respectively. HDL ≥1.55mmol/l (0.88; 0.80-0.98), high triglycerides (2.3-5.6mmol/l: 0.90; 0.82-0.99; >5.6mmol/l: 0.85; 0.64-1.13) or smoking (0.89; 0.81-0.97) had a slightly reduced DR risk. Users of hypoglycaemic agents had an increased DR risk. CONCLUSION:Some DR cases were identified near the diabetes diagnosis date suggesting that a delayed diabetes diagnosis is still common. Glaucoma, retinal arterial occlusion and high HDL levels were inversely associated with DR, while retinal vein occlusion, alcohol and other well-known risk factors were positively associated.
journal_name
Prim Care Diabetesjournal_title
Primary care diabetesauthors
Martín-Merino E,Fortuny J,Rivero-Ferrer E,Lind M,Garcia-Rodriguez LAdoi
10.1016/j.pcd.2016.01.002subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2016-08-01 00:00:00pages
300-8issue
4eissn
1751-9918issn
1878-0210pii
S1751-9918(16)00004-8journal_volume
10pub_type
杂志文章abstract：BACKGROUND:The collaborative care model has been shown in studies to be effective in achieving sustained treatment outcomes in chronic disease management. Its success is highly dependent on active patient engagement, provider endorsement and effective care management. This study sought to ask patients and providers wha...
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journal_title：Primary care diabetes
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journal_title：Primary care diabetes
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doi：10.1016/j.pcd.2012.12.002
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journal_title：Primary care diabetes
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journal_title：Primary care diabetes
pub_type： 杂志文章
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journal_title：Primary care diabetes
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2009-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Primary care diabetes
pub_type： 杂志文章
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journal_title：Primary care diabetes
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：2010-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Primary care diabetes
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2021-02-01 00:00:00
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pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
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更新日期：2015-04-01 00:00:00
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pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pcd.2021.01.002
更新日期：2021-01-09 00:00:00
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journal_title：Primary care diabetes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.pcd.2013.04.002
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journal_title：Primary care diabetes
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
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abstract：:Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a frequent disorder affecting individuals of all ages. Glycohemoglobin (GHb) has a key role in the assessment of glycemic control in diabetic patients. Generally, GHb is measured as hemoglobin (Hb) A1C and is the result of an irreversible non-enzymatic glycation of the beta chain of hemoglobi...
journal_title：Primary care diabetes
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2011-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Primary care diabetes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.pcd.2016.09.002
更新日期：2017-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Primary care diabetes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.pcd.2013.01.002
更新日期：2013-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Primary care diabetes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.pcd.2018.01.002
更新日期：2018-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Primary care diabetes
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pcd.2013.09.003
更新日期：2014-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Primary care diabetes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.pcd.2019.06.004
更新日期：2020-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Primary care diabetes
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
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更新日期：2019-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Primary care diabetes
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
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更新日期：2018-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Primary care diabetes
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.pcd.2017.02.006
更新日期：2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:The previous study served impaired fasting glucose (IFG), a pre-diabetic state which was much greater than that of diabetic patients, have reached no consensus on its cut-off value. In this study, we aimed to explore the cut-off value of IFG via the associations of blood lipids with fasting plasma glucose (FP...
journal_title：Primary care diabetes
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.pcd.2019.07.004
更新日期：2020-04-01 00:00:00
