Controlling many-body states by the electric-field effect in a two-dimensional material.

abstract：:Activation of many T-cell functions depends on their interaction with antigen-presenting accessory cells which express I region associated (Ia) products. Cells expressing accessory cell function include those of the monocyte/macrophage lineage and dendritic cells. More recently, B cells and a number of tumour cell lin...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Ramila G,Erb P

更新日期：1983-08-04 00:00:00

abstract：:Antimicrobial peptides (AmPs) are small proteins that are used by the innate immune system to combat bacterial infection in multicellular eukaryotes. There is mounting evidence that these peptides are less susceptible to bacterial resistance than traditional antibiotics and could form the basis for a new class of ther...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Loose C,Jensen K,Rigoutsos I,Stephanopoulos G

更新日期：2006-10-19 00:00:00

abstract：:Plate tectonics successfully describes the surface of Earth as a mosaic of moving lithospheric plates. But it is not clear what happens at the base of the plates, the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary (LAB). The LAB has been well imaged with converted teleseismic waves, whose 10-40-kilometre wavelength controls the s...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Stern TA,Henrys SA,Okaya D,Louie JN,Savage MK,Lamb S,Sato H,Sutherland R,Iwasaki T

更新日期：2015-02-05 00:00:00

abstract：:The brain has generally been considered an insulin-independent organ, because insulin does not apparently exert a direct effect on brain glucose consumption. Recently, however, insulin receptors have been detected throughout the central nervous system (CNS) of several species. Since important insights into the functio...

journal_title：Nature

authors： van Houten M,Posner BI

更新日期：1979-12-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Octopamine is highly concentrated in neurones of several invertebrate species. Unlike in mammals, octopaminergic neurones in invertebrates are spatially separated from catecholaminergic neurons. In identified nerve cells of Aplysia, however, this amine coexists with other putative neurotransmitters. Octopamine is synt...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Axelrod J,Saavedra JM

更新日期：1977-02-10 00:00:00

abstract：:An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper. ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Apffel B,Novkoski F,Eddi A,Fort E

更新日期：2020-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We have used in vitro mutagenesis to identify a DNA sequence that is required for glucose regulation of the ADR2 locus of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This region, located between 200 and 1,000 base pairs upstream of the structural gene for ADH II, has been identified by genetic and biochemical analysis as the site of AD...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Beier DR,Young ET

更新日期：1982-12-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) is conserved in all eukaryotes and introduces the first double bond into saturated fatty acyl-CoAs. Because the monounsaturated products of SCD are key precursors of membrane phospholipids, cholesterol esters and triglycerides, SCD is pivotal in fatty acid metabolism. Humans have two SCD ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Bai Y,McCoy JG,Levin EJ,Sobrado P,Rajashankar KR,Fox BG,Zhou M

更新日期：2015-08-13 00:00:00

abstract：:Recognition of sweet, bitter and umami tastes requires the non-vesicular release from taste bud cells of ATP, which acts as a neurotransmitter to activate afferent neural gustatory pathways. However, how ATP is released to fulfil this function is not fully understood. Here we show that calcium homeostasis modulator 1 ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Taruno A,Vingtdeux V,Ohmoto M,Ma Z,Dvoryanchikov G,Li A,Adrien L,Zhao H,Leung S,Abernethy M,Koppel J,Davies P,Civan MM,Chaudhari N,Matsumoto I,Hellekant G,Tordoff MG,Marambaud P,Foskett JK

更新日期：2013-03-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent studies have demonstrated that monkeys and humans can use signals from the brain to guide computer cursors. Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) may one day assist patients suffering from neurological injury or disease, but relatively low system performance remains a major obstacle. In fact, the speed and accuracy ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Santhanam G,Ryu SI,Yu BM,Afshar A,Shenoy KV

更新日期：2006-07-13 00:00:00

abstract：:Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), as purified from fresh human platelets, is a protein of relative molecular mass (Mr) 30,000 composed of two disulphide-linked subunit chains of similar size, named A and B (ref. 1). The dimer structure of PDGRF seems to be important for its biological effects, as reduction irreve...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Heldin CH,Johnsson A,Wennergren S,Wernstedt C,Betsholtz C,Westermark B

更新日期：1986-02-06 00:00:00

abstract：:In information processing, as in physics, our classical world view provides an incomplete approximation to an underlying quantum reality. Quantum effects like interference and entanglement play no direct role in conventional information processing, but they can--in principle now, but probably eventually in practice--b...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Bennett CH,DiVincenzo DP

更新日期：2000-03-16 00:00:00

abstract：:The delivery of therapeutic drugs to solid tumours may be impaired by structural and functional abnormalities in blood and lymphatic vessels. Here we provide evidence that proliferating cancer cells cause intratumour vessels to compress and collapse. By reducing this compressive mechanical force and opening vessels, c...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Padera TP,Stoll BR,Tooredman JB,Capen D,di Tomaso E,Jain RK

更新日期：2004-02-19 00:00:00

abstract：:Using numerical simulation, Holmström et al. proposed a plausible alternative explanation of the observed Lyman-alpha absorption that was seen during the transit of HD 209458b (ref. 2). They conclude that radiation pressure alone cannot explain the observations and that a peculiar stellar wind is needed. Here we show ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Lecavelier des Etangs A,Vidal-Madjar A,Désert JM

更新日期：2008-11-13 00:00:00

abstract：:The upright posture and obligatory bipedalism of modern humans are unique among living primates. The evolutionary history of this behaviour has traditionally been pursued by functional analysis of the postcranial skeleton and the preserved footprint trails of fossil hominids. Here we report a systematic attempt to rec...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Spoor F,Wood B,Zonneveld F

更新日期：1994-06-23 00:00:00

abstract：:The evolutionary theory of ageing explains why ageing occurs, giving valuable insight into the mechanisms underlying the complex cellular and molecular changes that contribute to senescence. Such understanding also helps to clarify how the genome shapes the ageing process, thereby aiding the study of the genetic facto...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Kirkwood TB,Austad SN

更新日期：2000-11-09 00:00:00

abstract：:The axial coupling of the nucleon, gA, is the strength of its coupling to the weak axial current of the standard model of particle physics, in much the same way as the electric charge is the strength of the coupling to the electromagnetic current. This axial coupling dictates the rate at which neutrons decay to proton...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Chang CC,Nicholson AN,Rinaldi E,Berkowitz E,Garron N,Brantley DA,Monge-Camacho H,Monahan CJ,Bouchard C,Clark MA,Joó B,Kurth T,Orginos K,Vranas P,Walker-Loud A

更新日期：2018-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:State-of-the-art optical clocks1 achieve precisions of 10-18 or better using ensembles of atoms in optical lattices2,3 or individual ions in radio-frequency traps4,5. Promising candidates for use in atomic clocks are highly charged ions6 (HCIs) and nuclear transitions7, which are largely insensitive to external pertur...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Schüssler RX,Bekker H,Braß M,Cakir H,Crespo López-Urrutia JR,Door M,Filianin P,Harman Z,Haverkort MW,Huang WJ,Indelicato P,Keitel CH,König CM,Kromer K,Müller M,Novikov YN,Rischka A,Schweiger C,Sturm S,Ulmer S,Elis

更新日期：2020-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Most of what is known about the evolution of deinonychosaurs (that is, the group of theropods most closely related to birds) is based on discoveries from North America and Asia. Except for Unenlagia comahuensis and some fragmentary remains from northern Africa, no other evidence was available on deinonychosaurian dive...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Novas FE,Pol D

更新日期：2005-02-24 00:00:00

abstract：:Rac signalling to actin -- a pathway that is thought to be mediated by the protein Scar/WAVE (WASP (Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein)-family verprolin homologous protein -- has a principal role in cell motility. In an analogous pathway, direct interaction of Cdc42 with the related protein N-WASP stimulates actin polym...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Eden S,Rohatgi R,Podtelejnikov AV,Mann M,Kirschner MW

更新日期：2002-08-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Protonic ceramic fuel cells, like their higher-temperature solid-oxide fuel cell counterparts, can directly use both hydrogen and hydrocarbon fuels to produce electricity at potentially more than 50 per cent efficiency1,2. Most previous direct-hydrocarbon fuel cell research has focused on solid-oxide fuel cells based ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Duan C,Kee RJ,Zhu H,Karakaya C,Chen Y,Ricote S,Jarry A,Crumlin EJ,Hook D,Braun R,Sullivan NP,O'Hayre R

更新日期：2018-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:At fertilization, an increase of cytosolic calcium ions (Ca2+) triggers various activation responses in animal eggs. In vertebrates, these responses include exit from metaphase arrest in meiosis II (MII exit) and cortical remodelling initiated by cortical granule exocytosis. Although the essential requirement of Ca2+/...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Nishiyama T,Yoshizaki N,Kishimoto T,Ohsumi K

更新日期：2007-09-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Several functionally important genetic elements (such as the TATA box, mRNA splice sequences, poly(A) addition signal) were first detected as short segments of unexplained sequence homology within non-coding regions of different genes. A short region of unknown sequence in the intron between the human J kappa and C ka...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Emorine L,Kuehl M,Weir L,Leder P,Max EE

更新日期：1983-08-04 00:00:00

abstract：:The M13 coat protein spans the Escherichia coli plasma membrane with its amino-terminus facing the periplasm. It is made as a precursor--the procoat--with a typical leader peptide. Mutations which destroy the basic character of the carboxy-terminal domain of procoat, a domain which is oriented towards the cytoplasm, b...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Kuhn A,Wickner W,Kreil G

更新日期：1986-07-24 00:00:00

abstract：:The intestinal tract maintains proper function by replacing aged cells with freshly produced cells that arise from a population of self-renewing intestinal stem cells (ISCs). In the mammalian intestine, ISC self renewal, amplification and differentiation take place along the crypt-villus axis, and are controlled by th...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Takashima S,Mkrtchyan M,Younossi-Hartenstein A,Merriam JR,Hartenstein V

更新日期：2008-07-31 00:00:00

abstract：:Neurotransmitters modulate the activity of ion channels through a variety of second messengers, including cyclic AMP, cyclic GMP and the products of phosphatidylinositol breakdown. Little is known about how different transmitters acting through different second-messenger systems interact within a cell to regulate sing...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Belardetti F,Kandel ER,Siegelbaum SA

更新日期：1987-01-08 00:00:00

abstract：:Large low-velocity seismic anomalies have been detected in the Earth's lower mantle beneath Africa and the Pacific Ocean that are not easily explained by temperature variations alone. The African anomaly has been interpreted to be a northwest-southeast-trending structure with a sharp-edged linear, ridge-like morpholog...

journal_title：Nature

authors： McNamara AK,Zhong S

更新日期：2005-10-20 00:00:00

abstract：:The T-cell receptor has been studied intensely over the past 10 years in an effort to understand the molecular basis for major histocompatibility complex (MHC) restricted antigen recognition. The use of anti-receptor monoclonal antibodies to isolate and characterize the receptor from human and murine T-cell clones has...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Sim GK,Yagüe J,Nelson J,Marrack P,Palmer E,Augustin A,Kappler J

更新日期：1984-12-20 00:00:00

abstract：:In mice, the Ter mutation causes primordial germ cell (PGC) loss in all genetic backgrounds. Ter is also a potent modifier of spontaneous testicular germ cell tumour (TGCT) susceptibility in the 129 family of inbred strains, and markedly increases TGCT incidence in 129-Ter/Ter males. In 129-Ter/Ter mice, some of the r...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Youngren KK,Coveney D,Peng X,Bhattacharya C,Schmidt LS,Nickerson ML,Lamb BT,Deng JM,Behringer RR,Capel B,Rubin EM,Nadeau JH,Matin A

更新日期：2005-05-19 00:00:00

abstract：:Hypermethylation of the promoters of tumour suppressor genes represses transcription of these genes, conferring growth advantages to cancer cells. How these changes arise is poorly understood. Here we show that the activity of oxygen-dependent ten-eleven translocation (TET) enzymes is reduced by tumour hypoxia in huma...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Thienpont B,Steinbacher J,Zhao H,D'Anna F,Kuchnio A,Ploumakis A,Ghesquière B,Van Dyck L,Boeckx B,Schoonjans L,Hermans E,Amant F,Kristensen VN,Peng Koh K,Mazzone M,Coleman M,Carell T,Carmeliet P,Lambrechts D

更新日期：2016-09-01 00:00:00