Highly durable, coking and sulfur tolerant, fuel-flexible protonic ceramic fuel cells.

abstract：:Mesenchymal cells contribute to the 'stroma' of most normal and malignant tissues, with specific mesenchymal cells participating in the regulatory niches of stem cells. By examining how mesenchymal osteolineage cells modulate haematopoiesis, here we show that deletion of Dicer1 specifically in mouse osteoprogenitors, ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Raaijmakers MH,Mukherjee S,Guo S,Zhang S,Kobayashi T,Schoonmaker JA,Ebert BL,Al-Shahrour F,Hasserjian RP,Scadden EO,Aung Z,Matza M,Merkenschlager M,Lin C,Rommens JM,Scadden DT

更新日期：2010-04-08 00:00:00

abstract：:Endothelial cells adopt tissue-specific characteristics to instruct organ development and regeneration1,2. This adaptability is lost in cultured adult endothelial cells, which do not vascularize tissues in an organotypic manner. Here, we show that transient reactivation of the embryonic-restricted ETS variant transcri...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Palikuqi B,Nguyen DT,Li G,Schreiner R,Pellegata AF,Liu Y,Redmond D,Geng F,Lin Y,Gómez-Salinero JM,Yokoyama M,Zumbo P,Zhang T,Kunar B,Witherspoon M,Han T,Tedeschi AM,Scottoni F,Lipkin SM,Dow L,Elemento O,Xiang JZ

更新日期：2020-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Molluscs (snails, octopuses, clams and their relatives) have a great disparity of body plans and, among the animals, only arthropods surpass them in species number. This diversity has made Mollusca one of the best-studied groups of animals, yet their evolutionary relationships remain poorly resolved. Open questions ha...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Smith SA,Wilson NG,Goetz FE,Feehery C,Andrade SC,Rouse GW,Giribet G,Dunn CW

更新日期：2011-10-26 00:00:00

abstract：:Animal viruses are broadly categorized structurally by the presence or absence of an envelope composed of a lipid-bilayer membrane, attributes that profoundly affect stability, transmission and immune recognition. Among those lacking an envelope, the Picornaviridae are a large and diverse family of positive-strand RNA...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Feng Z,Hensley L,McKnight KL,Hu F,Madden V,Ping L,Jeong SH,Walker C,Lanford RE,Lemon SM

更新日期：2013-04-18 00:00:00

abstract：:Werner's syndrome (WS) is a rare autosomal recessive disease in which the affected individuals display symptoms of premature ageing. The substantial phenotypic overlap between WS and normal ageing indicates that these two conditions may have pathogenetic mechanisms in common. The WS mutation has pleiotropic effects, a...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Goto M,Rubenstein M,Weber J,Woods K,Drayna D

更新日期：1992-02-20 00:00:00

abstract：:The angle between the spin of a star and the orbital planes of its planets traces the history of the planetary system. Exoplanets orbiting close to cool stars are expected to be on circular, aligned orbits because of strong tidal interactions with the stellar convective envelope. Spin-orbit alignment can be measured w...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Bourrier V,Lovis C,Beust H,Ehrenreich D,Henry GW,Astudillo-Defru N,Allart R,Bonfils X,Ségransan D,Delfosse X,Cegla HM,Wyttenbach A,Heng K,Lavie B,Pepe F

更新日期：2018-01-25 00:00:00

abstract：:Although the regeneration of nervous tissue in the vertebrate is very limited, there are a few remarkable examples of this process. Understanding the factors that regulate CNS regeneration in those areas of the nervous system where it occurs, will doubtless provide generally applicable, essential information about the...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Reh TA,Nagy T,Gretton H

更新日期：1987-11-05 00:00:00

abstract：:The generation and selection of somatic antibody mutants are key elements of acquired immunity, essential for the affinity maturation of antibody responses dependent on T cells. The mutants are generated through a mechanism that introduces point mutations at high rate into rearranged variable (V) region genes in the c...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Jacob J,Kelsoe G,Rajewsky K,Weiss U

更新日期：1991-12-05 00:00:00

abstract：:A set of restriction fragments cloned into phage lambda vectors has allowed us to locate a site necessary for full rpoBC expression. We find that these genes for the two large subunits of RNA polymerase and the genes, rplL and rplJ, for two ribosomal proteins, form a single operon. ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Linn T,Scaife J

更新日期：1978-11-02 00:00:00

abstract：:The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-associated enzyme Cas9 is an RNA-guided endonuclease that uses RNA-DNA base-pairing to target foreign DNA in bacteria. Cas9-guide RNA complexes are also effective genome engineering agents in animals and plants. Here we use single-molecule and bulk...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Sternberg SH,Redding S,Jinek M,Greene EC,Doudna JA

更新日期：2014-03-06 00:00:00

abstract：:The central nervous system has extraordinary plasticity in early life. This is thought to involve N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors which, along with the non-NMDA receptors, mediate fast excitatory synaptic transmission. Although NMDA receptors may be transiently enhanced early in life, it has not been possible to...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Hestrin S

更新日期：1992-06-25 00:00:00

abstract：:Cognitive ethology focuses on the study of animals under natural conditions to reveal ecologically adapted modes of learning. But biologists can more easily study what an animal learns than how it learns. For example, honeybees take repeated 'orientation' flights before becoming foragers at about three weeks of age. T...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Capaldi EA,Smith AD,Osborne JL,Fahrbach SE,Farris SM,Reynolds DR,Edwards AS,Martin A,Robinson GE,Poppy GM,Riley JR

更新日期：2000-02-03 00:00:00

abstract：:The spontaneously hypertensive rat and the stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rat are useful models for human hypertension. In these strains hypertension is a polygenic trait, in which both autosomal and sex-linked genes can influence blood pressure. Linkage studies in crosses between the stroke-prone spontaneous...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Hilbert P,Lindpaintner K,Beckmann JS,Serikawa T,Soubrier F,Dubay C,Cartwright P,De Gouyon B,Julier C,Takahasi S

更新日期：1991-10-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Insulin stimulates the transport of glucose into fat and muscle cells. Although the precise molecular mechanisms involved in this process remain uncertain, insulin initiates its actions by binding to its tyrosine kinase receptor, leading to the phosphorylation of intracellular substrates. One such substrate is the Cbl...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Baumann CA,Ribon V,Kanzaki M,Thurmond DC,Mora S,Shigematsu S,Bickel PE,Pessin JE,Saltiel AR

更新日期：2000-09-14 00:00:00

abstract：: ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Reardon S

更新日期：2018-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The global burden of malaria has been substantially reduced over the past two decades. Future efforts to reduce malaria further will require moving beyond the treatment of clinical infections to targeting malaria transmission more broadly in the community. As such, the accurate identification of asymptomatic human inf...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Wu L,van den Hoogen LL,Slater H,Walker PG,Ghani AC,Drakeley CJ,Okell LC

更新日期：2015-12-03 00:00:00

abstract：:Embryonic development is driven by tightly regulated patterns of gene expression, despite extensive genetic variation among individuals. Studies of expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) indicate that genetic variation frequently alters gene expression in cell-culture models and differentiated tissues. However, the...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Cannavò E,Koelling N,Harnett D,Garfield D,Casale FP,Ciglar L,Gustafson HE,Viales RR,Marco-Ferreres R,Degner JF,Zhao B,Stegle O,Birney E,Furlong EE

更新日期：2017-01-19 00:00:00

abstract：:Resistance to infection and clearance of cell debris in mammals depend on the activation of the complement system, which is an important component of innate and adaptive immunity. Central to the complement system is the activated form of C3, called C3b, which attaches covalently to target surfaces to amplify complemen...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Janssen BJ,Christodoulidou A,McCarthy A,Lambris JD,Gros P

更新日期：2006-11-09 00:00:00

abstract：:Aluminium adjuvants, typically referred to as 'alum', are the most commonly used adjuvants in human and animal vaccines worldwide, yet the mechanism underlying the stimulation of the immune system by alum remains unknown. Toll-like receptors are critical in sensing infections and are therefore common targets of variou...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Eisenbarth SC,Colegio OR,O'Connor W,Sutterwala FS,Flavell RA

更新日期：2008-06-19 00:00:00

abstract：:The atmospheric partial pressure of carbon dioxide (p(CO(2))) will almost certainly be double that of pre-industrial levels by 2100 and will be considerably higher than at any time during the past few million years. The oceans are a principal sink for anthropogenic CO(2) where it is estimated to have caused a 30% incr...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Hall-Spencer JM,Rodolfo-Metalpa R,Martin S,Ransome E,Fine M,Turner SM,Rowley SJ,Tedesco D,Buia MC

更新日期：2008-07-03 00:00:00

abstract：:During embryogenesis, body pattern is established in a stepwise process. After specification of the body axis, the embryo is subdivided into smaller units. Within these units, a diverse array of cell types is then generated. The subdivisions of the Drosophila embryo, called parasegments, are defined by the interface b...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Dougan S,DiNardo S

更新日期：1992-11-26 00:00:00

abstract：:The cloning and characterization of 'clock gene' families has advanced our understanding of the molecular control of the mammalian circadian clock. We have analysed the human genome for additional relatives, and identified new candidate genes that may expand our knowledge of the molecular workings of the circadian clo...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Clayton JD,Kyriacou CP,Reppert SM

更新日期：2001-02-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Understanding the nature and origin of the asteroid population in Earth's vicinity (near-Earth asteroids, and its subset of potentially hazardous asteroids) is a matter of both scientific interest and practical importance. It is generally expected that the compositions of the asteroids that are most likely to hit Eart...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Vernazza P,Binzel RP,Thomas CA,DeMeo FE,Bus SJ,Rivkin AS,Tokunaga AT

更新日期：2008-08-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Polycomb group proteins have an essential role in the epigenetic maintenance of repressive chromatin states. The gene-silencing activity of the Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) depends on its ability to trimethylate lysine 27 of histone H3 (H3K27) by the catalytic SET domain of the EZH2 subunit, and at least two o...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Margueron R,Justin N,Ohno K,Sharpe ML,Son J,Drury WJ 3rd,Voigt P,Martin SR,Taylor WR,De Marco V,Pirrotta V,Reinberg D,Gamblin SJ

更新日期：2009-10-08 00:00:00

abstract：:Extracellular signalling by the purine nucleotide ATP has long been associated with sensory function. In the periphery, ATP mediates nociception, mechanosensitivity, thermal sensitivity and O2 chemosensitivity. These processes share a common mechanism that involves the release of ATP to excite afferent fibres via acti...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Gourine AV,Llaudet E,Dale N,Spyer KM

更新日期：2005-07-07 00:00:00

abstract：:Transition-metal perovskite oxides exhibit a wide range of extraordinary but imperfectly understood phenomena. The best known examples are high-temperature superconductivity in copper oxides, and colossal magnetoresistance in manganese oxides ('manganites'). All of these materials undergo a range of order-disorder tra...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Renner Ch,Aeppli G,Kim BG,Soh YA,Cheong SW

更新日期：2002-04-04 00:00:00

abstract：:Vertebrate erythroid cells contain a tissue-specific transcription factor referred to as Eryf 1 (ref. 1), GF-1 (ref. 2) or NF-E1 (ref. 3), for which binding sites are widely distributed in the promoters and enhancers of the globin gene family, and of other erythroid-specific genes. Aberrant binding of the human factor...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Trainor CD,Evans T,Felsenfeld G,Boguski MS

更新日期：1990-01-04 00:00:00

abstract：:Vaccination has proved a powerful defence against a range of infectious diseases of humans and animals. However, its potential to control major epidemics of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) in livestock is contentious. Using an individual farm-based model, we consider either national prophylactic vaccination campaigns in ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Keeling MJ,Woolhouse ME,May RM,Davies G,Grenfell BT

更新日期：2003-01-09 00:00:00

abstract：:Measures to prevent sexual mucosal transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 are urgently needed to curb the growth of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) pandemic and ultimately bring it to an end. Studies in animal models and acute HIV-1 infection reviewed here reveal potential viral vulnerabili...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Haase AT

更新日期：2010-03-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies are associated with accumulation of PrP(Sc), a conformer of a cellular protein called PrP(C). PrP(Sc) is thought to replicate by imparting its conformation onto PrP(C) (ref. 1), yet conformational discrimination between PrP(C) and PrP(Sc) has remained elusive. Because depositi...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Fischer MB,Roeckl C,Parizek P,Schwarz HP,Aguzzi A

更新日期：2000-11-23 00:00:00