Abstract：
:It is clear that mannan has the potential to influence multiple biologic functions in vivo and in vitro, including both mannan-specific and mannan-nonspecific activities. Based on in vitro studies, various mechanisms have been proposed for the regulatory activities observed, ranging from interference with normal PMNL and monocyte function to the induction of T suppressor cells. It may well be, in fact, that different mechanisms function at different levels depending upon the specific phenomenon being influenced. Approaches to determining the mechanisms involved in these regulatory phenomena, however, have been complicated by the fact that many studies were performed with mannan extracted in the laboratory by traditional methods and used as such without further purification. Most laboratory-acquired mannans appear to be heterogeneous mixtures containing polymers of differing size and charge. When such mixtures have been separated on the basis of size or charge, it has been shown that biologic function can be correlated with individual fractions, and that a single bulk preparation of mannan can contain components with opposing biologic activities. Resolution of the specific mechanisms involved in the regulatory phenomena described, therefore, will not be complete until homogeneous preparations of mannan are employed to investigate the mechanisms.
journal_name
Crit Rev Microbioljournal_title
Critical reviews in microbiologyauthors
Domer JEdoi
10.3109/10408418909105721subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1989-01-01 00:00:00pages
33-51issue
1eissn
1040-841Xissn
1549-7828journal_volume
17pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Polymyxins are important lipopeptide antibiotics that serve as the last-line defense against multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacterial infections. Worryingly, the clinical utility of polymyxins is currently facing a serious threat with the global dissemination of mcr, plasmid-mediated polymyxin resistance. The...
journal_title：Critical reviews in microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1080/1040841X.2018.1492902
更新日期：2019-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Escherichia coli can commonly be found, either as a commensal, probiotic or a pathogen, in the human gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Biofilm formation and its regulation is surprisingly variable, although distinct regulatory pattern of red, dry and rough (rdar) biofilm formation arise in certain pathovars and even clones...
journal_title：Critical reviews in microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1080/1040841X.2017.1303660
更新日期：2018-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Lipases are esterases able to hydrolyze water-insoluble esters such as long-chain triglycerides. These enzymes also catalyze the formation of esters (esterification) and the exchange of ester bonds (transesterification) when present in nonaqueous media. Lipases display a high degree of specificity and enantioselectivi...
journal_title：Critical reviews in microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3109/10408419409113549
更新日期：1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Following a brief review of the ecology of Escherichia coli in general, the role of Shiga-Toxigenic (Verocytotoxigenic) E. coli (STEC) as pathogens is addressed. While STEC belonging to the serogroup O157 have been extensively studied and shown to be involved in many cases and outbreaks of human disease, the importanc...
journal_title：Critical reviews in microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1080/10408410601172172
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Renewed interest in the acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) fermentation as a route for industrial production of butanol has been evident since the oil crisis of the 1970s. The present review includes an historical recap of the traditional industrial process and culturing practices useful in maintaining viable solvent-produ...
journal_title：Critical reviews in microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3109/10408418809104464
更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The exact aetiology of most autoimmune diseases remains unknown, nonetheless, several factors contributing to the induction or exacerbation of autoimmune reactions have been suggested. These include the genetic profile and lifestyle of the affected individual in addition to environmental triggers such as bacterial, pa...
journal_title：Critical reviews in microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1080/1040841X.2019.1614904
更新日期：2019-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The human fungal pathogen Candida albicans switches from a budding yeast form to a polarized hyphal form in response to various external signals. This morphogenetic switching has been implicated in the development of pathogenicity. Several signaling pathways that regulate morphogenesis have been identified, including ...
journal_title：Critical reviews in microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1080/713610451
更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Brucellosis is a worldwide zoonosis causing reproductive failures in livestock and a severe multi-organ disease in humans. The genus Brucella is divided into seven species and various biotypes differing in pathogenicity and host specificity. Although Brucella spp. represent a highly homogenous group of bacteria, RFLPs...
journal_title：Critical reviews in microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1080/10408410500304041
更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The use of successive generations of beta-lactams has selected successive generations of beta-lactamases including CTX-M ESBLs, AmpC beta-lactamases, and KPC carbapenamases in Enterobacteriaceae. Moreover, this cephalosporin resistance, along with rising resistance to fluoroquinolones, is now driving the use of carbap...
journal_title：Critical reviews in microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1080/10408410902733979
更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Bacterial populations that are exposed to rapidly changing and sometimes hostile environments constantly switch between growth, survival, and death. Understanding bacterial survival and death are therefore cornerstones in a full comprehension of microbial life. During the last few years, new insights have emerged rega...
journal_title：Critical reviews in microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1080/10408410490884757
更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The approach to this article will be the review of experimental developments achieved in recent years in the fields of biochemistry, molecular biology, ultrastructure, etc. and that have suggested models and hypothesis in order to understand the regulation of the molecular mechanisms involved in fungal differentiation...
journal_title：Critical reviews in microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3109/10408418409105474
更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems consist of a bicistronic operon, encoding a toxin and an antitoxin. They are widely distributed in the prokaryotic kingdom, often in multiple numbers. TAs are implicated in contradicting phenomena of persistence and programmed cell death (PCD) in bacteria. mazEF TA system, one of the widel...
journal_title：Critical reviews in microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3109/1040841X.2013.804030
更新日期：2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Heavy metal contamination has become a worldwide environmental concern due to its toxicity, non-degradability and food-chain bioaccumulation. Conventional physical and chemical treatment methods for heavy metal removal have disadvantages such as cost-intensiveness, incomplete removal, secondary pollution and the lack ...
journal_title：Critical reviews in microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3109/1040841X.2013.813898
更新日期：2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) are photosynthetic prokaryotes having applications in human health with numerous biological activities and as a dietary supplement. It is used as a food supplement because of its richness in nutrients and digestibility. Many cyanobacteria (Microcystis sp, Anabaena sp, Nostoc sp, Os...
journal_title：Critical reviews in microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3109/1040841X.2014.957640
更新日期：2016-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Escherichia coli enterotoxigenic strains produce one or more toxins which action result in production of diarrhea in animals including Man. One of these toxins, STb, has been mainly associated with colibacillosis in swine. Although highly prevalent in pigs with diarrhea, a relation between STb and disease was arduous ...
journal_title：Critical reviews in microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3109/10408411003720191
更新日期：2010-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cyclic AMP is a ubiquitous messenger that integrates many processes of the cell. Diverse families of adenylate cyclases and phosphodiesterases stringently regulate the intracellular concentration of cAMP. Any alteration in the cytosolic concentration of cAMP has a profound effect on the various processes of the cell. ...
journal_title：Critical reviews in microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1080/10408410490468795
更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT), which cause the deadly neuroparalytic disease, botulism, is the most toxic substance known to man. BoNT can be used as potential bioterrorism agents, and therefore, pose great threat to national security and public health. Rapid and sensitive detection of BoNTs using molecular and biochemi...
journal_title：Critical reviews in microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1080/10408410701364562
更新日期：2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Legionella spp. are the causative agent of Legionnaire's disease and an opportunistic pathogen of significant public health concern. Identification and quantification from environmental sources is crucial for identifying outbreak origins and providing sufficient information for risk assessment and disease prevention. ...
journal_title：Critical reviews in microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi：10.3109/1040841X.2014.885930
更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The use of many rapid detection technologies could be expanded if the bacteria were separated, concentrated, and purified from the sample matrix before detection. Specific advantages of bacterial concentration might include facilitating the detection of multiple bacterial strains; removal of matrix-associated assay in...
journal_title：Critical reviews in microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1080/10408410490266410
更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Humans ingest large numbers of microbes daily. Food provides distinctly different physical and physiological conditions from drinking water. With high concentrations of carbohydrate, protein, and ionic strength, food is much closer to the human physiological state than drinking water, which is essentially devoid of nu...
journal_title：Critical reviews in microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1080/1040-840291046740
更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Tuberculosis (TB) is an air-born, transmissible disease, having an estimated 9.4 million new TB cases worldwide in 2009. Eventual control of this disease by developing a safe and efficient new vaccine able to detain its spread will have an enormous impact on public health policy. Selecting potential antigens to be inc...
journal_title：Critical reviews in microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3109/1040841X.2013.763221
更新日期：2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Giardia lamblia is the causative agent of the diarrheal disease giardiasis, against which only a limited number of drugs are currently available. Increasing reports of resistance to these drugs makes it necessary to identify new cellular targets for designing the next generation of anti-giardial drugs. Towards this go...
journal_title：Critical reviews in microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1080/1040841X.2016.1262814
更新日期：2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The numbers and diversity of microbes in ecosystems within and around us is unmatched, yet most of these microorganisms remain recalcitrant to in vitro cultivation. Various high-throughput molecular techniques, collectively termed multi-omics, provide insights into the genomic structure and metabolic potential as well...
journal_title：Critical reviews in microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1080/1040841X.2017.1332003
更新日期：2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Re-emergence of resistance in different pathogens including viruses are the major cause of human disease and death, which is posing a serious challenge to the medical, pharmaceutical and biotechnological sectors. Though many efforts have been made to develop drug and vaccines against re-emerging viruses, researchers a...
journal_title：Critical reviews in microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3109/1040841X.2013.879849
更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The immune system is well-equipped with sensors that detect invading pathogens and dictate subsequent immune responses for clearing the infections. One such class of sensor is the toll-like receptor (TLR), that can sense diverse molecules of pathogen origin such as proteins, lipids, carbohydrate, DNA, RNA, and trigger...
journal_title：Critical reviews in microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1080/1040841X.2019.1608904
更新日期：2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxin 1 (EAST1) is a small protein that was first detected more than a decade ago in an enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC) strain isolated from the stools of a diarrheic child. The EAST1 gene, astA, is not solely present in EAEC, but also in other categories of diarrh...
journal_title：Critical reviews in microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1080/1040-840291046687
更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:With the increase in antibiotic-resistant bacteria and the lack of new antibiotics being brought onto the market, alternative strategies need to be found to cope with infections resulting from drug-resistant bacteria. A possible solution may be to combine existing antibiotics with phytochemicals to enhance the efficac...
journal_title：Critical reviews in microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3109/1040841X.2013.763219
更新日期：2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Staphylococcus aureus biofilms represent a unique micro-environment that directly contribute to the bacterial fitness within hospital settings. The accumulation of this structure on implanted medical devices has frequently caused the development of persistent and chronic S. aureus-associated infections, which represen...
journal_title：Critical reviews in microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1080/1040841X.2017.1282941
更新日期：2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Urease activity is a physiological function of many bacteria that enables these organisms to utilize urea as a source of nitrogen. The association of ureolytic bacteria with human or animal hosts varies widely from a commensal relationship as demonstrated with skin microflora, a symbiotic relationship in the gastroint...
journal_title：Critical reviews in microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3109/10408418809104467
更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A pheromone is a chemical excreted by an organism into the environment that acts to elicit a specific response from other organisms of the same species. The importance of pheromones in the life cycle of various species of mammals, insects, and fungi is well known. In the past decade, it has become apparent that pherom...
journal_title：Critical reviews in microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3109/10408418609108741
更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00
