Abstract:
:Mitochondria are master regulators of metabolism. Mitochondria generate ATP by oxidative phosphorylation using pyruvate (derived from glucose and glycolysis) and fatty acids (FAs), both of which are oxidized in the Krebs cycle, as fuel sources. Mitochondria are also an important source of reactive oxygen species (ROS), creating oxidative stress in various contexts, including in the response to bacterial infection. Recently, complex changes in mitochondrial metabolism have been characterized in mouse macrophages in response to varying stimuli in vitro. In LPS and IFN-γ-activated macrophages (M1 macrophages), there is decreased respiration and a broken Krebs cycle, leading to accumulation of succinate and citrate, which act as signals to alter immune function. In IL-4-activated macrophages (M2 macrophages), the Krebs cycle and oxidative phosphorylation are intact and fatty acid oxidation (FAO) is also utilized. These metabolic alterations in response to the nature of the stimulus are proving to be determinants of the effector functions of M1 and M2 macrophages. Furthermore, reprogramming of macrophages from M1 to M2 can be achieved by targeting metabolic events. Here, we describe the role that metabolism plays in macrophage function in infection and immunity, and propose that reprogramming with metabolic inhibitors might be a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
journal_name
Eur J Immunoljournal_title
European journal of immunologyauthors
Mills EL,O'Neill LAdoi
10.1002/eji.201445427subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2016-01-01 00:00:00pages
13-21issue
1eissn
0014-2980issn
1521-4141journal_volume
46pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Helicobacter pylori is a Gram-negative bacterium that causes a variety of gastrointestinal diseases, such as duodenal ulcer and gastric carcinoma. The T cell response against H. pylori is thought to contribute to the pathogenesis of these diseases. Here, we show that mouse-adapted H. pylori is able to polyclonally act...
journal_title:European journal of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/eji.200636676
更新日期:2007-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study shows that both recombinant human interleukin (rhIL)3 and rhIL4 induced proliferation in bone marrow (BM) cells of myelogenous leukemia patients in a manner similar to that reported using normal BM cells. However, we additionally found that these cytokines also influenced expression of other cytokines. Name...
journal_title:European journal of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/eji.1830191108
更新日期:1989-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Role of CD45 in B cell antigen receptor (BcR)-mediated signaling events in mature B cells was examined using BAL-17 and its CD45-negative clones. In the CD45-negative clones, BcR stimulation induced tyrosine phosphorylation almost identical to the parental cells, with a few exceptions of reduced phosphorylation, espec...
journal_title:European journal of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/eji.1830250823
更新日期:1995-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have characterized the peripheral B cell repertoire in T cell-mediated insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDMM) and in B cell-mediated autoimmune idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (AITP). The VH6-containing repertoire in adult patients with IDDM or AITP and healthy control subjects was investigated by PCR ampli...
journal_title:European journal of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(SICI)1521-4141(199909)29:09<2853::AID-IMM
更新日期:1999-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Defined tumor-associated antigens (TAA) are attractive targets for anti-tumor immunotherapy. Here, we describe a novel genome-wide approach to identify multiple TAA from any given tumor. A panel of transplantable thymomas was established from an inbred p53-/- mouse strain. The resulting tumors were examined for gene e...
journal_title:European journal of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/1521-4141(200104)31:4<1239::aid-immu1239>3
更新日期:2001-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Monoclonal gammopathies (MG) are monoclonal proliferative disorders of B cells at the differentiation stage of Ig production. They can be detected in the serum, either as transient or as persistent homogenous immunoglobulin (H-Ig) components. The exact phenotype, localization, and cell lineage origin of the precursor ...
journal_title:European journal of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/eji.1830270943
更新日期:1997-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Colony-stimulating factors are required for survival proliferation, differentiation and functional activation of granulocytes, macrophages and their precursor cells. In the present report, however, we demonstrate antiproliferative activity of recombinant human (rh) granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-...
journal_title:European journal of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/eji.1830180308
更新日期:1988-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The capacity of old (18-24 months) C57BL/6 mice to develop an immune reaction against MC-B6-1 fibrosarcoma cells was studied using in vivo adoptive transfer experiments (Winn assay) and in vitro T cell-mediated cytotoxicity test. Anti-tumor immunity was found to decline with age, as indicated by a decreased anti-tumor...
journal_title:European journal of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/eji.1830170302
更新日期:1987-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::A method for infection of lymphocytes with Moloney(Abelson) murine leukemia virus [M(A)-MuLV] is described. Only lymphoblasts obtained after stimulation of normal spleen cells by the B cell mitogen lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were satisfactory targets for virus-specific, secondary cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL), whereas s...
journal_title:European journal of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/eji.1830110316
更新日期:1981-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::IgG complexes bind to Fc receptor family members FcgammaRI (CD64), FcgammaRII (CD32) and FcgammaRIII (CD16), activating cell MAPK and PI3K resulting in increased cytokine production from particular leukocytes. The signaling molecules involved in cytokine production after cross-linking CD16 have not been determined in ...
journal_title:European journal of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/eji.200838801
更新日期:2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Murine cytolytic T cell lines have been analyzed for the expression of two surface glycoproteins called T145 and T130. T145, known to be expressed by activated cytolytic T cells, is also expressed by such lines, but T130, which has been described by a universal T cell marker, is not. Our results suggest a structural r...
journal_title:European journal of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/eji.1830101111
更新日期:1980-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neurotropic coronavirus infection of mice results in acute encephalomyelitis followed by viral persistence. Whereas cellular immunity controls acute infection, humoral immunity regulates central nervous system (CNS) persistence. Maintenance of serum Ab was correlated with tissue distribution of virus-specific Ab-secre...
journal_title:European journal of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/eji.200535123
更新日期:2006-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Membrane regulatory molecules normally prevent complement activation by autologous cells, therefore we compared the membrane control system of human lymphoid cell lines which activate or not human complement through the alternative pathway (AP). Membrane expression of decay-accelerating factor (DAF), membrane cofactor...
journal_title:European journal of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/eji.1830201218
更新日期:1990-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The murine T cell clone D10.G4.1 can be induced to proliferate by monoclonal antibodies (mAb) to the T cell receptor (TcR) or to Thy-1 molecules. When cells were stimulated by anti-TcR mAb, a group of 4 proteins (19-25 kDa) was specifically phosphorylated. This effect was completely mimicked by the Ca2+ ionophore A231...
journal_title:European journal of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/eji.1830180727
更新日期:1988-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Six different cell-mediated lympholysis (CML) combinations were established, four of which generated effector cells against the I-E, and two against the I-A molecule. The cell surface phenotype of effector cells was then determined by depletion of cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activity with antisera and rabbit compleme...
journal_title:European journal of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/eji.1830110611
更新日期:1981-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Macrophage inflammatory protein-3alpha (MIP-3alpha)/CCL20 and MIP-3beta/CCL19 are members of the CC chemokine subfamily which exert their effects through specific receptors, CCR6 and CCR7, respectively. Previously, we have reported that human neutrophils have the capacity to produce a number of chemokines, including I...
journal_title:European journal of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/1521-4141(200107)31:7<1981::aid-immu19
更新日期:2001-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::We examined T cell development and T cell repertoire in transgenic mice expressing a single T cell receptor (TCR) alpha chain derived from the H-2Db-lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV)-specific cytolytic T lymphocyte (CTL) clone P14. To generate these alpha P14 mice, mice transgenic for the P14 TCR alpha chain w...
journal_title:European journal of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/eji.1830250937
更新日期:1995-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::IL-7 is a major regulator of lymphocyte homeostasis; however, little is known about the mechanisms that regulate IL-7 production. To study Il7 gene regulation in vivo, we generated a novel IL-7-reporter mouse, which allows the non-invasive quantification of Il7 gene activity in live mice and, additionally, the simulta...
journal_title:European journal of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/eji.201040441
更新日期:2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::H-2 gene-dependent nonresponsiveness and responsiveness to H-2-matched male cells can be observed in cytotoxic assays in several mouse strains. H-2 genes of several low responder strains can complement each other in cis or trans position to produce high responders. One of the H-2 gene products functions at the level o...
journal_title:European journal of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/eji.1830070708
更新日期:1977-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::From several years, the anticancer effects of Vγ9 T lymphocytes make these cells good candidates for cancer immunotherapies. However, the proved efficacy of γδ Τ cell-based cancer immunotherapies in some clinical trials was minimized due to the inherent toxicity of IL-2, which is essential for the combination therapy ...
journal_title:European journal of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/eji.201747093
更新日期:2017-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Induction of optimal HIV-1-specific T-cell responses, which can contribute to controlling viral infection in vivo, depends on antigen processing and presentation processes occurring in DCs. Opsonization can influence the routing of antigen processing and pathways used for presentation. We studied antigen proteolysis a...
journal_title:European journal of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/eji.201242935
更新日期:2013-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Delayed hypersensitivity (DH) reaction to human Ig, corynebacterium parvum or allogeneic cells at the site of tumor cell injection, suppressed the fibrosarcoma (SCFS) growth in chickens. Spleen cells of SC chickens sensitized to human Ig or C. parvum suppressed SCFS growth when adoptively transferred with tumor cells,...
journal_title:European journal of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/eji.1830080408
更新日期:1978-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The mechanisms responsible for the down-modulation of the activation of separated CD4(+) or CD8(+) human T cell blasts were studied using cells obtained from healthy donors. In the presence of IL-2, human CD8(+) T cell blasts were more sensitive than CD4(+) T cell blasts to regulation by APO2 ligand/TNF-related apopto...
journal_title:European journal of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/eji.200526046
更新日期:2005-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pairs of monoclonal antibodies (mAb) defining epitopes T 11.1 and T 11.2 on the CD 2 molecule are mitogenic for purified human T cells in the presence of a submitogenic dose of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA). Anti-CD 28 mAb can substitute for the action of TPA in the anti-CD 2-induced proliferative respons...
journal_title:European journal of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/eji.1830180505
更新日期:1988-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The thymic architecture is normally compartmentalized into a central medulla surrounded by a peripheral cortical region. We investigated how compartmentalization of the thymic stroma is regulated using T cell receptor (TCR)-transgenic mouse models. Our studies show that the signals generated by TCR/peptide/major histo...
journal_title:European journal of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/eji.1830270121
更新日期:1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Stimulation of mixed lymphocyte cultures with ultraviolet (UV)-irradiated stimulator cells leads to selective activation of Lyt-2+ cytotoxic T lymphocyte precursors (CTL-P) to acquire interleukin 2 (IL2) reactivity: (a) no proliferative response, nor IL2 production was observed in these cultures; (b) upon addition of ...
journal_title:European journal of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/eji.1830121205
更新日期:1982-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Atopic dermatitis (AD) or eczema is the most common chronic inflammatory skin disease. It is a multifactorial disease with local and systemic immune changes. Current therapies focus on restoring the local skin barrier or inhibiting immune responses. In this issue of the European Journal of Immunology, Sehra et al. [Eu...
journal_title:European journal of immunology
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1002/eji.201646708
更新日期:2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Human T cells expressing Vgamma9Ndelta2-encoded TCR recognize several nonpeptide phosphoantigens in the absence of major histocompatibility complex restriction. As these cells respond differentially to increasing concentrations of structurally related phosphoantigens, such ligands constitute agonists of different stre...
journal_title:European journal of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/1521-4141(200105)31:5<1628::AID-IMMU1628>3
更新日期:2001-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Anti-HLA alloantisera inhibit mixed lymphocyte responses in which normal lymphocytes are used as stimulator cells. These same antisera are unable to inhibit lymphocyte proliferative responses stimulated by lymphoblastoid cells from cultured lymphoid cell lines. They also fail to inhibit either the generation of cytoto...
journal_title:European journal of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/eji.1830060402
更新日期:1976-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Endoglin is an homodimeric membrane antigen with capacity to bind transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) and whose expression is up-regulated on myeloid cells upon differentiation to macrophages. We have isolated full-length cDNA clones from a lambda gt 10 library, prepared from phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-dif...
journal_title:European journal of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/eji.1830230943
更新日期:1993-09-01 00:00:00