ER trapping reveals Golgi enzymes continually revisit the ER through a recycling pathway that controls Golgi organization.

abstract：:The LSD1-CoREST histone demethylase complex is required to repress neuronal genes in nonneuronal tissues. Here we show that sumoylation of Braf35, one of the subunits of the complex, is required to maintain full repression of neuron-specific genes and for occupancy of the LSD1-CoREST complex at its gene targets. Inter...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ceballos-Chávez M,Rivero S,García-Gutiérrez P,Rodríguez-Paredes M,García-Domínguez M,Bhattacharya S,Reyes JC

更新日期：2012-05-22 00:00:00

abstract：:A water-soluble component of membranes of cells from a Burkitt's lymphoma cultured cell line was used to develop an antiserum that detects an antigen(s) on acute leukemia cells. This antiserum did not react with nonlymphoid cultured cell lines except for human embryonic kidney cells infected with the Rauscher murine l...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Mann DL,Halterman R,Leventhal BG

更新日期：1973-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A vaccine capable of stimulating protective antiviral antibody responses is needed to curtail the global AIDS epidemic caused by HIV-1. Although rarely elicited during the course of natural infection or upon conventional vaccination, the membrane-proximal ectodomain region (MPER) of the HIV-1 glycoprotein of M(r) 41,0...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Song L,Sun ZY,Coleman KE,Zwick MB,Gach JS,Wang JH,Reinherz EL,Wagner G,Kim M

更新日期：2009-06-02 00:00:00

abstract：:Pancreatic beta cells respond to changes in blood glucose by secreting insulin and increasing insulin synthesis. To identify genes used in these responses, we have carried out expression profiling of beta cells exposed to high (25 mM) or low (5.5 mM) glucose by using oligonucleotide microarrays. Functional clustering ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Webb GC,Akbar MS,Zhao C,Steiner DF

更新日期：2000-05-23 00:00:00

abstract：:We present a model for transposition that allows a choice between cointegrate formation (replicon fusion) and direct transposition. We propose that initiation of the process occurs by invasion of the target DNA by a single-stranded end of the transposable element. This leads to nicking of one of the DNA strands of the...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Galas DJ,Chandler M

更新日期：1981-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The relation between changes in brain and plasma concentrations of neurosteroids and the function and structure of gamma-aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptors in the brain during pregnancy and after delivery was investigated in rats. In contrast with plasma, where all steroids increased in parallel, the kinetics ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Concas A,Mostallino MC,Porcu P,Follesa P,Barbaccia ML,Trabucchi M,Purdy RH,Grisenti P,Biggio G

更新日期：1998-10-27 00:00:00

abstract：:Mutations in fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) and its ligand, FGF10, are known to cause lacrimo-auriculo-dento-digital (LADD) syndrome. Multiple gain-of-function mutations in FGF receptors have been implicated in a variety of severe skeletal disorders and in many cancers. We aimed to elucidate the mechanism...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lew ED,Bae JH,Rohmann E,Wollnik B,Schlessinger J

更新日期：2007-12-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Understanding biological and physical processes involving nucleic acids, such as the binding of proteins to DNA and RNA, DNA condensation, and RNA folding, requires an understanding of the ion atmosphere that surrounds nucleic acids. We have used a simple model DNA system to determine how the ion atmosphere modulates ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bai Y,Das R,Millett IS,Herschlag D,Doniach S

更新日期：2005-01-25 00:00:00

abstract：:High-resolution maps integrated with the enhanced location data base software (LDB+) give improved estimates of genetic parameters and reveal characteristics of cytogenetic bands. Chiasma interference is intermediate between Kosambi and Carter-Falconer levels, as in Drosophila and the mouse. The autosomal genetic map ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Collins A,Frezal J,Teague J,Morton NE

更新日期：1996-12-10 00:00:00

abstract：:The kinetics of hepatic uptake and degradation of sphingomyelin/cholesterol (2:1, M/M) small unilamellar liposomes were investigated in a BALB/c mouse. The tissue distribution of liposomes was determined by scintillation spectrometry. The percentage of intact liposomes in tissues was estimated by the technique of gamm...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hwang KJ,Luk KF,Beaumier PL

更新日期：1980-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The murine T-cell surface molecules Lyt-2 and L3T4 play a role in the activation of antigen-specific T cells. The currently accepted model for the function of these molecules proposes that Lyt-2 and L3T4 increase the overall avidity of the interaction between the T-cell antigen receptor and antigen in association with...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Fazekas de St Groth B,Gallagher PF,Miller JF

更新日期：1986-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We have isolated overlapping phage genomic clones covering an area of 26 kilobases that encodes the human alpha 2-plasmin inhibitor. The alpha 2-plasmin inhibitor gene contains 10 exons and 9 introns distributed over approximately 16 kilobases of DNA. To our knowledge, the number of introns is the highest yet reported...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hirosawa S,Nakamura Y,Miura O,Sumi Y,Aoki N

更新日期：1988-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Circadian rhythms in metazoan eukaryotes are controlled by an endogenous molecular clock. It functions in many locations, including subsets of brain neurons (clock neurons) within the central nervous system. Although the molecular clock relies on transcription/translation feedback loops, posttranscriptional regulation...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Chen X,Rosbash M

更新日期：2016-05-24 00:00:00

abstract：:Bacterial mutants have been isolated, called groN, that block phage development by interference with the action of the product of the phage N gene. lambdatrp phages, which depend on the N product for the synthesis of tryptophan enzymes, do not make these enzymes in groN bacteria. Two type of phage mutants have been is...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Georgopoulos CP

更新日期：1971-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The interaction between the ribosomal-stalk protein L7/12 (L12) and initiation factor 2 (IF2) is essential for rapid subunit association, but the underlying mechanism is unknown. Here, we have characterized the L12-IF2 interaction on Escherichia coli ribosomes using site-directed mutagenesis, fast kinetics, and molecu...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ge X,Mandava CS,Lind C,Åqvist J,Sanyal S

更新日期：2018-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hairs, feathers, and scales normally exhibit precise orientations with respect to the body axes. In Frizzled6 (Fz6)(-/-) mice, the global orientation of hair follicles is disrupted, leading to waves, whorls, and tufts, each comprising many hundreds of hairs. By analyzing the orientation of developing hair follicles, w...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wang Y,Badea T,Nathans J

更新日期：2006-12-26 00:00:00

abstract：:In healthy adults, activation of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)(A) and glycine receptors inhibits neurons as a result of low intracellular chloride concentration ([Cl(-)](i)), which is maintained by the potassium-chloride cotransporter KCC2. A reduction of KCC2 expression or function is implicated in the pathogenesis of s...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bos R,Sadlaoud K,Boulenguez P,Buttigieg D,Liabeuf S,Brocard C,Haase G,Bras H,Vinay L

更新日期：2013-01-02 00:00:00

abstract：:DNA hybridization was used to compare representatives of the major groups of marsupials and a eutherian outgroup. Because of the large genetic distances separating marsupial families, trees were calculated from normalized percentages of hybridization; thermal-melting statistics, however, gave identical topologies for ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kirsch JA,Dickerman AW,Reig OA,Springer MS

更新日期：1991-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Bone remodeling requires osteoclasts to generate and maintain an acidified resorption compartment between the apical membrane and the bone surface to solubilize hydroxyapatite crystals within the bone matrix. This acidification process requires (i) apical proton secretion by a vacuolar H(+)-ATPase, (ii) actin cytoskel...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Coury F,Zenger S,Stewart AK,Stephens S,Neff L,Tsang K,Shull GE,Alper SL,Baron R,Aliprantis AO

更新日期：2013-02-05 00:00:00

abstract：:An increasing amount of investment has been devoted to protecting and restoring ecosystem services worldwide. The efficiency of conservation investments, including payments for ecosystem services (PES), has been found to be affected by biological, political, economic, demographic, and social factors, but little is kno...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Chen X,Lupi F,He G,Liu J

更新日期：2009-07-14 00:00:00

abstract：:The marine nitrogen fixing microorganisms (diazotrophs) are a major source of nitrogen to open ocean ecosystems and are predicted to be limited by iron in most marine environments. Here we use global and targeted proteomic analyses on a key unicellular marine diazotroph Crocosphaera watsonii to reveal large scale diel...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Saito MA,Bertrand EM,Dutkiewicz S,Bulygin VV,Moran DM,Monteiro FM,Follows MJ,Valois FW,Waterbury JB

更新日期：2011-02-08 00:00:00

abstract：:We used 5,6-dichloro-beta D-ribofuranosyl-benzimidazole (DRB), a selective and reversible inhibitor of mRNA production, to investigate the regulation of the pathway leading to resistance to viruses in cells treated with interferon (IF). DRB allows initiation of transcription but promotes premature termination of the n...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Gordon I,Stevenson D

更新日期：1980-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We have isolated RNA ligands with low-nanomolar affinity and high specificity to basic fibroblast growth factor from a pool of 10(14) molecules containing 30 randomized positions by the systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) procedure. High-affinity ligands could be classified into two famil...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Jellinek D,Lynott CK,Rifkin DB,Janjić N

更新日期：1993-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Facial expressions of emotion in humans are believed to be produced by contracting one's facial muscles, generally called action units. However, the surface of the face is also innervated with a large network of blood vessels. Blood flow variations in these vessels yield visible color changes on the face. Here, we stu...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Benitez-Quiroz CF,Srinivasan R,Martinez AM

更新日期：2018-04-03 00:00:00

abstract：:The anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) is a cell cycle-regulated E3 ubiquitin ligase that controls the degradation of substrate proteins at mitotic exit and throughout the G1 phase. We have identified an APC/C substrate and cell cycle-regulated protein, KIAA0101/PAF15. PAF15 protein levels peak in the G2/M p...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Emanuele MJ,Ciccia A,Elia AE,Elledge SJ

更新日期：2011-06-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Indirect reciprocity is a mechanism for cooperation based on shared moral systems and individual reputations. It assumes that members of a community routinely observe and assess each other and that they use this information to decide who is good or bad, and who deserves cooperation. When information is transmitted pub...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hilbe C,Schmid L,Tkadlec J,Chatterjee K,Nowak MA

更新日期：2018-11-27 00:00:00

abstract：:Folding mechanisms of proteins incorporated within supramolecular assemblies, including viruses, are little understood and may differ fundamentally from folding mechanisms of small globular proteins. We describe a novel Raman dynamic probe of hydrogen-isotope exchange to investigate directly these protein folding/asse...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Tuma R,Prevelige PE Jr,Thomas GJ Jr

更新日期：1998-08-18 00:00:00

abstract：:GPIbalpha binding to von Willebrand factor (VWF) exposed at a site of vascular injury is thought to be the first step in the formation of a hemostatic plug. However, our previous studies in VWF-deficient mice demonstrated delayed but not absent arterial thrombus formation, suggesting that, under these conditions, GPIb...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bergmeier W,Piffath CL,Goerge T,Cifuni SM,Ruggeri ZM,Ware J,Wagner DD

更新日期：2006-11-07 00:00:00

abstract：:We have carried out free energy perturbation calculations on DNA double-stranded hexanucleotides. The sequence d(CGCGCG)2 has been "mutated" into d(CGTGCG).d(CGCACG) with the oligonucleotide in the A, B, and Z structural forms, both in vacuo and in aqueous solution. In addition, model free energy calculations have bee...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Dang LX,Pearlman DA,Kollman PA

更新日期：1990-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The optical transitions of a chiral, three-substituted polythiophene with an amino acid function can be tuned by interactions with synthetic peptides. The addition of a positively charged peptide with a random-coil formation will force the polymer to adopt a nonplanar conformation, and the intensity of the emitted lig...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Nilsson KP,Rydberg J,Baltzer L,Inganäs O

更新日期：2003-09-02 00:00:00