SLC4A2-mediated Cl-/HCO3- exchange activity is essential for calpain-dependent regulation of the actin cytoskeleton in osteoclasts.

abstract：:Ocean acidification (OA) refers to the ongoing decline in oceanic pH resulting from the uptake of atmospheric CO(2). Mounting experimental evidence suggests that OA will have negative consequences for a variety of marine organisms. Whereas the effect of OA on the calcification of adult reef corals is increasingly well...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Albright R,Mason B,Miller M,Langdon C

更新日期：2010-11-23 00:00:00

abstract：:The majority of bacteria in the natural environment live within the confines of a biofilm. The Gram-positive bacterium Bacillus subtilis forms biofilms that exhibit a characteristic wrinkled morphology and a highly hydrophobic surface. A critical component in generating these properties is the protein BslA, which form...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bromley KM,Morris RJ,Hobley L,Brandani G,Gillespie RM,McCluskey M,Zachariae U,Marenduzzo D,Stanley-Wall NR,MacPhee CE

更新日期：2015-04-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Preliminary x-ray diffraction data from single crystals of the MoFe proteins of nitrogenase from Clostridium pasteurianum and Azotobacter vinelandii have been obtained. Both protein crystals belong to the P2(1) space group. The MoFe protein crystals from C. pasteurianum and A. vinelandii diffract to angles correspondi...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Weininger MS,Mortenson LE

更新日期：1982-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Low-barrier hydrogen bonds (LBHBs) have been proposed to play roles in protein functions, including enzymatic catalysis and proton transfer. Transient formation of LBHBs is expected to stabilize specific reaction intermediates. However, based on experimental results and theoretical considerations, arguments against th...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Yamaguchi S,Kamikubo H,Kurihara K,Kuroki R,Niimura N,Shimizu N,Yamazaki Y,Kataoka M

更新日期：2009-01-13 00:00:00

abstract：:Reducing monosaccharides and oligosaccharides, after reductive amination, were separated and detected as their 3-(4-carboxybenzoyl)-2-quinolinecarboxaldehyde (CBQCA) derivatives by capillary electrophoresis/laser-induced fluorescence. Under optimized conditions, the minimum detectable quantities for monosaccharide sol...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Liu JP,Shirota O,Wiesler D,Novotny M

更新日期：1991-03-15 00:00:00

abstract：:We report here that during a permanent cardiac arrest, rodent brain tissue is "physiologically" preserved in situ in a particular quiescent state. This state is characterized by the absence of electrical activity and by a critical period of 5-6 hr during which brain tissue can be reactivated upon restoration of a simp...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Charpak S,Audinat E

更新日期：1998-04-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Phosphorylation of inositol phospholipids plays a key role in cellular regulation via the generation of intracellular second messengers. In addition, it represents a mechanism to regulate interactions of the lipid bilayer with proteins and protein scaffolds involved in vesicle budding, cytoskeletal organization, and s...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Guo J,Wenk MR,Pellegrini L,Onofri F,Benfenati F,De Camilli P

更新日期：2003-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Type II platelet-activating factor-acetylhydrolase [PAF-AH (II)] is an N-myristoylated enzyme that contains a lipase/esterase catalytic motif and selectively hydrolyzes the sn-2 acetyl ester of PAF and other short-chain acyl groups attached to phosphoglycerides. However, the physiological role of this enzyme remains t...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Inoue T,Sugimoto A,Suzuki Y,Yamamoto M,Tsujimoto M,Inoue K,Aoki J,Arai H

更新日期：2004-09-07 00:00:00

abstract：:In feeding, aphids inject saliva into plant tissues, gaining access to phloem sap and eliciting (and sometimes overcoming) plant responses. We are examining the involvement, in this aphid-plant interaction, of individual aphid proteins and enzymes, as identified in a salivary gland cDNA library. Here, we focus on a sa...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Mutti NS,Louis J,Pappan LK,Pappan K,Begum K,Chen MS,Park Y,Dittmer N,Marshall J,Reese JC,Reeck GR

更新日期：2008-07-22 00:00:00

abstract：:CD4(+) T cells producing IL-17 [T helper (Th)17], as distinct from Th1 or Th2 cells, have recently been shown to be associated with autoimmunity, but it is not entirely clear how Th17 cells are generated from naïve T cells. We demonstrate here that IL-6, but not TNF-alpha or IL-1beta, can, in combination with TGF-beta...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kimura A,Naka T,Kishimoto T

更新日期：2007-07-17 00:00:00

abstract：:Alzheimer's disease (AD) comprises multifactorial ailments for which current therapeutic strategies remain insufficient to broadly address the underlying pathophysiology. Epigenetic gene regulation relies upon multifactorial processes that regulate multiple gene and protein pathways, including those involved in AD. We...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Volmar CH,Salah-Uddin H,Janczura KJ,Halley P,Lambert G,Wodrich A,Manoah S,Patel NH,Sartor GC,Mehta N,Miles NTH,Desse S,Dorcius D,Cameron MD,Brothers SP,Wahlestedt C

更新日期：2017-10-24 00:00:00

abstract：:Clostridium ljungdahlii is an anaerobic homoacetogen, able to ferment sugars, other organic compounds, or CO(2)/H(2) and synthesis gas (CO/H(2)). The latter feature makes it an interesting microbe for the biotech industry, as important bulk chemicals and proteins can be produced at the expense of CO(2), thus combining...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Köpke M,Held C,Hujer S,Liesegang H,Wiezer A,Wollherr A,Ehrenreich A,Liebl W,Gottschalk G,Dürre P

更新日期：2010-07-20 00:00:00

abstract：:The term amyloid defines a group of proteins that aggregate into plaques or fibers. Amyloid fibers gained their fame mostly due to their relation with neurodegenerative diseases in humans. However, secreted by lower organisms, such as bacteria and fungi, amyloid fibers play a functional role: for example, when they se...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lester-Zer N,Ghrayeb M,Chai L

更新日期：2019-11-05 00:00:00

abstract：:AB-type toxins, like other bacterial toxins, are notably opportunistic molecules. They rely on target cell receptors to reach the appropriate location within the target cell where translocation of their enzymatic subunits occurs. The anthrax toxin, however, times its own uptake, suggesting that toxin binding triggers ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Abrami L,Kunz B,van der Goot FG

更新日期：2010-01-26 00:00:00

abstract：:Many of the mutagenic or lethal effects of ionization radiation can be attributed to damage caused to the DNA by low-energy electrons. To gain insight on the parameters affecting this process, we measured the low-energy electron (<2 eV) transmission yield through self-assembled monolayers of short DNA oligomers. The e...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ray SG,Daube SS,Naaman R

更新日期：2005-01-04 00:00:00

abstract：:All but two genes involved in the ergosterol biosynthetic pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae have been cloned, and their corresponding mutants have been described. The remaining genes encode the C-3 sterol dehydrogenase (C-4 decarboxylase) and the 3-keto sterol reductase and in concert with the C-4 sterol methyloxida...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Gachotte D,Barbuch R,Gaylor J,Nickel E,Bard M

更新日期：1998-11-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Coastal hypoxia (dissolved oxygen ≤ 2 mg/L) is a growing problem worldwide that threatens marine ecosystem services, but little is known about economic effects on fisheries. Here, we provide evidence that hypoxia causes economic impacts on a major fishery. Ecological studies of hypoxia and marine fauna suggest multipl...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Smith MD,Oglend A,Kirkpatrick AJ,Asche F,Bennear LS,Craig JK,Nance JM

更新日期：2017-02-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Pheromone biosynthesis-activating neuropeptide (PBAN) regulates sex pheromone biosynthesis in female Helicoverpa (Heliothis) zea. Two oligonucleotide probes representing two overlapping amino acid regions of PBAN were used to screen 2.5 x 10(5) recombinant plaques, and a positive recombinant clone was isolated. Sequen...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Davis MT,Vakharia VN,Henry J,Kempe TG,Raina AK

更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We have determined the general constraints that govern sequence divergence in proteins that retain entirely, or very largely, the same structure and function. To do this we collected data from three different groups of orthologous sequences: those found in humans and mice, in humans and chickens, and in Escherichia co...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Sasidharan R,Chothia C

更新日期：2007-06-12 00:00:00

abstract：:The distribution of dopamine-containing processes in the striatum of fetal and neonatal cats was studied by immunohistochemical and glyoxylic acid histofluorescence methods and compared to the distribution of acetylcholinesterase (acetylcholine acetylhydrolase, EC 3.1.1.7) observed by thiocholine histochemistry in the...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Graybiel AM,Pickel VM,Joh TH,Reis DJ,Ragsdale CW Jr

更新日期：1981-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Molecular clocks have been used to date the divergence of humans and chimpanzees for nearly four decades. Nonetheless, this date and its confidence interval remain to be firmly established. In an effort to generate a genomic view of the human-chimpanzee divergence, we have analyzed 167 nuclear protein-coding genes and...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kumar S,Filipski A,Swarna V,Walker A,Hedges SB

更新日期：2005-12-27 00:00:00

abstract：:F1-ATPase, the catalytic domain of ATP synthase, synthesizes most of the ATP in living organisms. Running in reverse powered by ATP hydrolysis, this hexameric ring-shaped molecular motor formed by three αβ-dimers creates torque on its central γ-subunit. This reverse operation enables detailed explorations of the mecha...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Okazaki K,Hummer G

更新日期：2013-10-08 00:00:00

abstract：:The claudin-low subtype is a recently identified rare molecular subtype of human breast cancer that expresses low levels of tight and adherens junction genes and shows high expression of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) genes. These tumors are enriched in gene expression signatures derived from human tumor-i...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Herschkowitz JI,Zhao W,Zhang M,Usary J,Murrow G,Edwards D,Knezevic J,Greene SB,Darr D,Troester MA,Hilsenbeck SG,Medina D,Perou CM,Rosen JM

更新日期：2012-02-21 00:00:00

abstract：:The plant viruses alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) and brome mosaic virus (BMV) each divide their genetic information among three RNAs while tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) contains a single genomic RNA. Amino acid sequence comparisons suggest that the single proteins encoded by AMV RNA 1 and BMV RNA 1 and by AMV RNA 2 and BMV R...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Haseloff J,Goelet P,Zimmern D,Ahlquist P,Dasgupta R,Kaesberg P

更新日期：1984-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The tetrodotoxin binding component of the voltage-sensitive sodium channel from Electrophorus electricus electroplax was purified by using a monoclonal antibody. An impure preparation of tetrodotoxin binding component was mixed with the pure monoclonal antibody, and the immune complex so formed was isolated by affinit...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Nakayama H,Withy RM,Raftery MA

更新日期：1982-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Escherichia coli phage N4 transcription is resistant to rifampicin, an inhibitor of the host RNA polymerase, even when the drug is added prior to infection. A rifampicin-resistant RNA polymerase has been detected in disrupted N4 virions. This enzyme shows a requirement for the four ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphates and ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Falco SC,Laan KV,Rothman-Denes LB

更新日期：1977-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A physical map of the 9.2-Mbp Myxococcus xanthus DK1622 chromosome at a resolution of 25 kbp was constructed by using a strategy that is applicable to virtually all microorganisms. Segments of the chromosome were used as hybridization probes to subdivide a yeast artificial chromosome (YAC) library into groups of linke...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： He Q,Chen H,Kuspa A,Cheng Y,Kaiser D,Shimkets LJ

更新日期：1994-09-27 00:00:00

abstract：:The identities between homogeneous expressions in rank 1 vectors and rank n - 1 covectors in a Grassmann-Cayley algebra of rank n, in which one set occurs multilinearly, are shown to represent a set of dimension-independent identities. The theorem yields an infinite set of nontrivial geometric identities from a given ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hawrylycz M

更新日期：1995-03-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Cerebellar granule cells are the most abundant neurons in the brain, and granule cell precursors (GCPs) are a common target of transformation in the pediatric brain tumor medulloblastoma. Proliferation of GCPs is regulated by the secreted signaling molecule Sonic hedgehog (Shh), but the mechanisms by which Shh control...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Oliver TG,Grasfeder LL,Carroll AL,Kaiser C,Gillingham CL,Lin SM,Wickramasinghe R,Scott MP,Wechsler-Reya RJ

更新日期：2003-06-10 00:00:00

abstract：:The problem of Congressional apportionment is explained together with a brief history of the methods used or considered for its solution. Reasons are given for rejecting the presently used method of equal proportions and for accepting a new method, the quota method, which is the unique method satisfying three essentia...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Balinski ML,Young HP

更新日期：1974-11-01 00:00:00