On the molecular mechanisms of transposition.

abstract：:We introduce a family of fast ordered upwind methods for approximating solutions to a wide class of static Hamilton-Jacobi equations with Dirichlet boundary conditions. Standard techniques often rely on iteration to converge to the solution of a discretized version of the partial differential equation. Our fast method...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Sethian JA,Vladimirsky A

更新日期：2001-09-25 00:00:00

abstract：:The transacting activator of transduction (TAT) protein plays a key role in the progression of AIDS. Studies have shown that a +8 charged sequence of amino acids in the protein, called the TAT peptide, enables the TAT protein to penetrate cell membranes. To probe mechanisms of binding and translocation of the TAT pept...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Rao Y,Kwok SJ,Lombardi J,Turro NJ,Eisenthal KB

更新日期：2014-09-02 00:00:00

abstract：:Chaperone oligomerization is often a key aspect of their function. Irrespective of whether chaperone oligomers act as reservoirs for active monomers or exhibit a chaperoning function themselves, understanding the mechanism of oligomerization will further our understanding of how chaperones maintain the proteome. Here,...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Karamanos TK,Tugarinov V,Clore GM

更新日期：2020-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The COVID-19 pandemic is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and has spread worldwide, with millions of cases and more than 1 million deaths to date. The gravity of the situation mandates accelerated efforts to identify safe and effective vaccines. Here, we generated measles virus (M...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hörner C,Schürmann C,Auste A,Ebenig A,Muraleedharan S,Dinnon KH 3rd,Scholz T,Herrmann M,Schnierle BS,Baric RS,Mühlebach MD

更新日期：2020-12-22 00:00:00

abstract：:RNA molecules perform diverse regulatory functions in natural biological systems, and numerous synthetic RNA-based control devices that integrate sensing and gene-regulatory functions have been demonstrated, predominantly in bacteria and yeast. Despite potential advantages of RNA-based genetic control strategies in cl...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Chen YY,Jensen MC,Smolke CD

更新日期：2010-05-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Object recognition is challenging because the same object can produce vastly different images, mixing signals related to its identity with signals due to its image attributes, such as size, position, rotation, etc. Previous studies have shown that both signals are present in high-level visual areas, but precisely how ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ratan Murty NA,Arun SP

更新日期：2018-04-03 00:00:00

abstract：:Physical and gene mapping studies reveal that chloroplast DNA from geranium (Pelargonium hortorum) has sustained a number of extensive duplications and inversions, resulting in a genome arrangement radically unlike that of other plants. At 217 kilobases in size, the circular chromosome is about 50% larger than the typ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Palmer JD,Nugent JM,Herbon LA

更新日期：1987-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:When we grasp and manipulate an object, populations of tactile nerve fibers become activated and convey information about the shape, size, and texture of the object and its motion across the skin. The response properties of tactile fibers have been extensively characterized in single-unit recordings, yielding importan...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Saal HP,Delhaye BP,Rayhaun BC,Bensmaia SJ

更新日期：2017-07-11 00:00:00

abstract：:The mode of action of "allogeneic supernatant" (the culture supernatant of a 24-hr mixedlymphocyte reaction), has been studied. This factor stimulates the response of spleen cell cultures depleted in thymus-derived lymphoid cells (T-cells) to antigens that elicit a thymus-dependent response. We used a limiting dilutio...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hunter P,Kettman JR

更新日期：1974-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In response to various pathological stresses, the heart undergoes a pathological remodeling process that is associated with cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Because cardiac hypertrophy can progress to heart failure, a major cause of lethality worldwide, the intracellular signaling pathways that control cardiomyocyte growth ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Appert-Collin A,Cotecchia S,Nenniger-Tosato M,Pedrazzini T,Diviani D

更新日期：2007-06-12 00:00:00

abstract：:The Escherichia coli galactokinase gene (galK) was inserted into a modified early region transcription unit of simian virus 40 (SV40) contained on a bacterial plasmid. Introduction of this pSVK vector into monkey, mouse, and hamster cell lines by transfection resulted in efficient expression of the bacterial galK gene...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Schümperli D,Howard BH,Rosenberg M

更新日期：1982-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The pivotal step on the mitochondrial pathway to apoptosis is permeabilization of the mitochondrial outer membrane (MOM) by oligomers of the B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) family members Bak or Bax. However, how they disrupt MOM integrity is unknown. A longstanding model is that activated Bak and Bax insert two α-helices, ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Westphal D,Dewson G,Menard M,Frederick P,Iyer S,Bartolo R,Gibson L,Czabotar PE,Smith BJ,Adams JM,Kluck RM

更新日期：2014-09-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Locomotion of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is a key observable used in investigations ranging from behavior to neuroscience to aging. However, while the natural environment of this model organism is 3D, quantitative investigations of its locomotion have been mostly limited to 2D motion. Here, we present a quant...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bilbao A,Patel AK,Rahman M,Vanapalli SA,Blawzdziewicz J

更新日期：2018-04-17 00:00:00

abstract：:Glial cells are traditionally regarded as elements for structural support and ionic homeostasis, but have recently attracted attention as putative integral elements of the machinery involved in synaptic transmission and plasticity. Here, we demonstrate that calcium-binding protein S100B, which is synthesized in consid...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Nishiyama H,Knopfel T,Endo S,Itohara S

更新日期：2002-03-19 00:00:00

abstract：:129/SvEv mice with a loss-of-function mutation in the heterotrimeric G protein α-subunit gene Gnai3 have fusions of ribs and lumbar vertebrae, indicating a requirement for Gα(i) (the "inhibitory" class of α-subunits) in somite derivatives. Mice with mutations of Gnai1 or Gnai2 have neither defect, but loss of both Gna...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Plummer NW,Spicher K,Malphurs J,Akiyama H,Abramowitz J,Nürnberg B,Birnbaumer L

更新日期：2012-12-26 00:00:00

abstract：:The final step of ethylene biosynthesis in plants is catalyzed by the enzyme 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) oxidase (ACCO). In addition to ACC, Fe(II), O2, CO2, and ascorbate are required for in vitro enzyme activity. Direct evidence for the role of the Fe(II) center in the recombinant avocado ACCO has no...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Rocklin AM,Tierney DL,Kofman V,Brunhuber NM,Hoffman BM,Christoffersen RE,Reich NO,Lipscomb JD,Que L Jr

更新日期：1999-07-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Seasonal variations in the properties of rabbit-liver fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase have now been linked to corresponding changes in the levels of proteolytic activity in the liver extracts. Incubation of native fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase with purified liver lysosomes causes a 3-fold increase in catalytic activity at p...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Pontremoli S,Melloni E,Balestrero F,Franzi AT,De Flora A,Horecker BL

更新日期：1973-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:B-1a cells, an anatomically, phenotypically, and functionally distinct subset of B cells that produce the bulk of natural serum IgM and much of gut-associated IgA, are an important component of the early response to pathogens. Because the induced expression of CD5, a hallmark of B-1a cells, requires a nuclear factor o...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Berland R,Wortis HH

更新日期：2003-11-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Bacterial outer membrane porins have a robust beta-barrel structure and therefore show potential for use as stochastic sensors based on single-molecule detection. The monomeric porin OmpG is especially attractive compared with multisubunit proteins because appropriate modifications of the pore can be easily achieved b...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Chen M,Khalid S,Sansom MS,Bayley H

更新日期：2008-04-29 00:00:00

abstract：:The basic biochemical mechanisms underlying many heritable human polycystic diseases are unknown despite evidence that most cases are caused by mutations in members of several protein families, the most prominent being the polycystin gene family, whose products are found on the primary cilia, or due to mutations in po...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Condac E,Silasi-Mansat R,Kosanke S,Schoeb T,Towner R,Lupu F,Cummings RD,Hinsdale ME

更新日期：2007-05-29 00:00:00

abstract：:The voltage-dependent gating of the colicin channel involves a substantial structural rearrangement that results in the transfer of about 35% of the 200 residues in its pore-forming domain across the membrane. This transfer appears to represent an unusual type of protein translocation that does not depend on a large, ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Slatin SL,Nardi A,Jakes KS,Baty D,Duché D

更新日期：2002-02-05 00:00:00

abstract：:In the 7 years since dynamin was first isolated from bovine brain in search of novel microtubule-based motors, our understanding of this enzyme has expanded significantly. We now know that brain dynamin belongs to a family of large GTPases, which mediate vesicle trafficking. Furthermore, this enzymatic activity is mar...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Urrutia R,Henley JR,Cook T,McNiven MA

更新日期：1997-01-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Cosuppression results in the degradation of RNA from host genes and homologous transgenes after transcription in the nucleus. By using grafting experiments, we have shown previously that a systemic signal mediates the propagation of cosuppression of Nia host genes and 35S-Nia2 transgenes from silenced 35S-Nia2 transge...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Palauqui JC,Vaucheret H

更新日期：1998-08-04 00:00:00

abstract：:Metastatic spread is the leading cause of cancer mortality. Breast cancer (BCa) metastatic recurrence can happen years after removal of the primary tumor. Here we show that Ubc13, an E2 enzyme that catalyzes K63-linked protein polyubiquitination, is largely dispensable for primary mammary tumor growth but is required ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wu X,Zhang W,Font-Burgada J,Palmer T,Hamil AS,Biswas SK,Poidinger M,Borcherding N,Xie Q,Ellies LG,Lytle NK,Wu LW,Fox RG,Yang J,Dowdy SF,Reya T,Karin M

更新日期：2014-09-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Up-regulation of the folding machinery of the heat-shock protein 90 (Hsp90) chaperone protein is crucial for cancer progression. The two Hsp90 isoforms (α and β) play different roles in response to chemotherapy. To identify isoform-selective inhibitors of Hsp90(α/β)/cochaperone p23 interactions, we developed a dual-lu...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Chan CT,Reeves RE,Geller R,Yaghoubi SS,Hoehne A,Solow-Cordero DE,Chiosis G,Massoud TF,Paulmurugan R,Gambhir SS

更新日期：2012-09-11 00:00:00

abstract：:F1, a water-soluble portion of FoF1-ATP synthase, is an ATP hydrolysis-driven rotary motor. The central gamma-subunit rotates in the alpha 3 beta 3 cylinder by repeating the following four stages of rotation: ATP-binding dwell, rapid 80 degrees substep rotation, interim dwell, and rapid 40 degrees substep rotation. At...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Shimabukuro K,Yasuda R,Muneyuki E,Hara KY,Kinosita K Jr,Yoshida M

更新日期：2003-12-09 00:00:00

abstract：:The venoms from three spider species, Araneus gemma, Neoscona arabesca, and Argiope aurantia, were shown to inhibit the high-affinity, sodium-independent L-glutamate-binding sites in rat brain synaptic membranes. The same three venoms caused concentration-dependent inhibition of the activity of the glutamate-binding g...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Michaelis EK,Galton N,Early SL

更新日期：1984-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We discuss the generic time behavior of reaction-diffusion processes capable of modeling various types of biological transport processes, such as ligand migration in proteins and gating fluctuations in ion channel proteins. The main observable in these two cases, the fraction of unbound ligands and the probability of ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Nadler W,Stein DL

更新日期：1991-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Little is known about genetic regulation of the development of white matter. This knowledge is critical in understanding the pathophysiology of neurodevelopmental syndromes associated with altered cognition as well as in elucidating the genetics of normal human cognition. The hemideletion of approximately 25 genes on ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Marenco S,Siuta MA,Kippenhan JS,Grodofsky S,Chang WL,Kohn P,Mervis CB,Morris CA,Weinberger DR,Meyer-Lindenberg A,Pierpaoli C,Berman KF

更新日期：2007-09-18 00:00:00

abstract：:Spo11 and the Rad50-Mre11 complex have been indirectly implicated in processes associated with DNA replication. These proteins also have been shown to have early meiotic roles essential for the formation of a programmed DNA double-strand break known in Saccharomyces cerevisiae to initiate meiotic recombination. In bot...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Merino ST,Cummings WJ,Acharya SN,Zolan ME

更新日期：2000-09-12 00:00:00