Abstract:
:Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) can be used to distinguish two DNA molecules that differ by as little as a single-base substitution. This method detects approximately 50% of all possible single-base changes in DNA fragments ranging from 50 to approximately 1000 base pairs. To increase the number of single-base changes that can be distinguished by DGGE, we used the polymerase chain reaction to attach a 40-base-pair G + C-rich sequence, designated a GC-clamp, to one end of amplified DNA fragments that encompass regions of the mouse and human beta-globin genes. We show that this GC-clamp allows the detection of mutations, including the hemoglobin sickle (HbS) and hemoglobin C (HbC) mutations within the human beta-globin gene, that were previously indistinguishable by DGGE. In addition to providing an easy way to attach a GC-clamp to genomic DNA fragments, the polymerase chain reaction technique greatly increases the sensitivity of DGGE. With this approach, DNA fragments derived from less than 5 ng of human genomic DNA can be detected by ethidium bromide staining of the gel, obviating the need for radioactive probes. These improvements extend the applicability of DGGE for the detection of polymorphisms and mutations in genomic and cloned DNA.
journal_name
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S Aauthors
Sheffield VC,Cox DR,Lerman LS,Myers RMdoi
10.1073/pnas.86.1.232subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1989-01-01 00:00:00pages
232-6issue
1eissn
0027-8424issn
1091-6490journal_volume
86pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Proteins potentiated by epidermal growth factor (EGF) to induce a transformed phenotype in non-neoplastic rat kidney fibroblasts in cell culture have been isolated from many non-neoplastic tissues of the adult mouse, including submaxillary gland, kidney, liver, muscle, heart, and brain. They resemble previously descri...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.78.9.5339
更新日期:1981-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::We recently isolated an RNA polymerase II elongation factor from rat liver nuclei and found it to be homologous to the product of the human ELL gene, a frequent target for translocations in acute myeloid leukemia. To further our understanding of the possible role(s) of ELL in transcriptional regulation and human disea...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.94.8.3639
更新日期:1997-04-15 00:00:00
abstract::Malaria infection triggers vigorous host immune responses; however, the parasite ligands, host receptors, and the signaling pathways responsible for these reactions remain unknown or controversial. Malaria parasites primarily reside within RBCs, thereby hiding themselves from direct contact and recognition by host imm...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1316467111
更新日期:2014-01-28 00:00:00
abstract::We have detected an endoglycosidase activity produced by Flavobacterium meningosepticum. This enzyme, named endo F, cleaves glycans of both the high-mannose and the complex type linked through asparagine to the protein backbone. The data indicate that cleavage occurs via hydrolysis of the glycosidic bond of the N,N'-d...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.79.15.4540
更新日期:1982-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have isolated and partially characterized an endonuclease involved in processing the 5' end of 16S rRNA of Escherichia coli. A mutant strain that is deficient in this enzyme accumulates a new precursor of 16S rRNA, named 16.3S rRNA. This rRNA has the 3' end of mature 16S rRNA but is about 60 nucleotides longer at t...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.75.8.3598
更新日期:1978-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Loss of miR-15/16 is the most common genetic lesion in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), promoting overexpression of BCL2, which factors in leukemia pathogenesis. Indeed, an inhibitor of Bcl2, venetoclcax, is highly active in the treatment of patients with CLL. However, single-agent venetoclcax fails to eradicate mi...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1708264114
更新日期:2017-10-03 00:00:00
abstract::A fragment of the cloned gene for the human myeloma ND epsilon chain, coding for the second, third, and fourth domains of the immunoglobulin, has been coupled to the tryptophan control region of an expression plasmid and subcloned in Escherichia coli. Induction of gene expression results in the synthesis of the expect...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.81.10.2955
更新日期:1984-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::We show that endemic (eBL), sporadic (sBL), and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-associated (AIDS-BL) forms of Burkitt lymphoma (BL) carrying t(8;14) chromosomal translocations display different breakpoints within the immunoglobulin heavy-chain locus (IGH) on chromosome 14. In sBL (7 out of 11) and AIDS-BL (5 out of...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.85.8.2748
更新日期:1988-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::There are at least three short-range gap repressors in the precellular Drosophila embryo: Krüppel, Knirps, and Giant. Krüppel and Knirps contain related repression motifs, PxDLSxH and PxDLSxK, respectively, which mediate interactions with the dCtBP corepressor protein. Here, we present evidence that Giant might also i...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.111158298
更新日期:2001-05-22 00:00:00
abstract::Arginine is an amino acid that serves as a substrate for nitric oxide synthase and arginase. As such, arginine has the potential to influence diverse fundamental processes in the lung. Here we report that the arginine transport protein, cationic amino acid transporter (CAT)2, has a critical role in regulating lung inf...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0605478103
更新日期:2006-10-03 00:00:00
abstract::Hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) is a common chronic human genetic disorder whose hallmark is systemic iron overload. Homozygosity for a mutation in the MHC class I heavy chain paralogue gene HFE has been found to be a primary cause of HH. However, many individuals homozygous for the defective allele of HFE do not deve...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.091088998
更新日期:2001-04-24 00:00:00
abstract::The total amount of noncoding sequences on chromosomes of contemporary organisms varies significantly from species to species. We propose a hypothesis for the origin of these noncoding sequences that assumes that (i) an approximately equal to 0.55-kilobase (kb)-long reading frame composed the primordial gene and (ii) ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.84.17.6195
更新日期:1987-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::When a sensory stimulus repeats, neuronal firing rate and functional MRI blood oxygen level-dependent responses typically decline, yet perception and behavioral performance either stay constant or improve. An additional aspect of neuronal activity is neuronal synchronization, which can enhance the impact of neurons on...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1309714111
更新日期:2014-03-04 00:00:00
abstract::Nicks within one strand of the bacteriophage T5 DNA molecule act as " weak points" for a novel kind mechanical breakage that can be utilized for "dissecting" the genome. The products from sheared T5(+) DNA include five unique double-stranded segments of the molecule and various combinations of adjacent segments. These...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.71.5.2108
更新日期:1974-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The secreted nodulation-signaling protein NodO was purified from the supernatant of cultures of Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar viciae. The native protein has a M(r) of approximately 67,000, suggesting that it exists as a dimer since the DNA sequence predicts a M(r) of 30,002. Pure NodO protein had no protease, pectina...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.91.21.9990
更新日期:1994-10-11 00:00:00
abstract::Pressures of 200-1000 atmospheres (20-100 MPa) are found to decrease significantly the amount of phosphate (H32PO4-2)transported into the rabbit erythrocyte under otherwise physiological conditions. Such compression does not cause irreversible morphological changes or result in membrane disruption. The findings are in...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.73.8.2767
更新日期:1976-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Social insects are promising new models in aging research. Within single colonies, longevity differences of several magnitudes exist that can be found elsewhere only between different species. Reproducing queens (and, in termites, also kings) can live for several decades, whereas sterile workers often have a lifespan ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1804046115
更新日期:2018-05-22 00:00:00
abstract::Factor VII is a precursor to a serine protease that is present in mammalian plasma. In its activated form, it participates in blood coagulation by activating factor X and/or factor IX in the presence of tissue factor and calcium. Clones coding for factor VII were obtained from two cDNA libraries prepared from poly(A) ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.83.8.2412
更新日期:1986-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Photonic materials with positionally ordered structure can interact strongly with light to produce brilliant structural colors. Here, we found that the nonperiodic nematic liquid crystals of nanoplates can also display structural color with only significant orientational order. Owing to the loose stacking of the nemat...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1906511116
更新日期:2019-09-10 00:00:00
abstract::In mammals and insects, pheromones strongly influence social behaviors such as aggression and mate recognition. In Drosophila melanogaster, pheromones in the form of cuticular hydrocarbons play prominent roles in courtship. GC/MS is the primary analytical tool currently used to study Drosophila cuticular hydrocarbons....
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0802692105
更新日期:2008-05-20 00:00:00
abstract::Tetracycline resistance encoded by four genetically different determinants residing on plasmids in Escherichia coli was shown to be associated in each case with an energy-dependent decrease in accumulation of the antibiotic in whole cells in which resistance had been induced. The different class determinants examined ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.77.7.3974
更新日期:1980-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cytoplasmic membrane vesicles prepared from Escherichia coli containing multiple copies of the lac y gene were frozen in liquid nitrogen before or after generation of a proton electrochemical gradient (interior negative and alkaline) and irradiated with a high-energy electron beam at -135 degrees C. Subsequently, the ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.81.4.1021
更新日期:1984-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Viruses have been implicated in the development of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and multiple sclerosis. Human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6) is a neurotropic virus that has been associated with a wide variety of neurologic disorders, including encephalitis, mesial temporal lobe epilepsy, and mu...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1105143108
更新日期:2011-08-16 00:00:00
abstract::Agrobacterium tumefaciens causes crown gall tumors on various plants by delivering transferred DNA (T-DNA) and virulence proteins into host plant cells. Under laboratory conditions, the bacterium is widely used as a vector to genetically modify a wide range of organisms, including plants, yeasts, fungi, and algae. Var...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1612098114
更新日期:2017-03-14 00:00:00
abstract::"Stoppers" are a class of Neurospora crassa extranuclear mutants characterized by gross deficiencies of cytochromes b and aa3 and an unusual growth phenotype which involves irregular periods of growth andnongrowth. In the present work, mtDNAs from all four stopper mutants were found to contain deletions or insertions ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.77.10.6032
更新日期:1980-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Operant conditioning techniques were used to assess how gender and song familiarity affect song discrimination in adult zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata). Twenty-five males and females, divided into five cohorts, were trained to discriminate between conspecific songs at different times of year. Males discriminating ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.89.4.1368
更新日期:1992-02-15 00:00:00
abstract::Although common in birds, social monogamy, or pair-living, is rare among mammals because internal gestation and lactation in mammals makes it advantageous for males to seek additional mating opportunities. A number of hypotheses have been proposed to explain the evolution of social monogamy among mammals: as a male ma...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1307903110
更新日期:2013-08-13 00:00:00
abstract::The different isoforms of PDGF bind with different affinities to two different receptor types. Previously, these receptors have been demonstrated mainly on mesenchymal and glial cells. We show here that PDGF beta-type receptors are present also on rat brain neurons in vivo as well as in vitro. Immunohistochemical anal...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.88.18.8159
更新日期:1991-09-15 00:00:00
abstract::Herpesviruses must traverse the nuclear envelope to gain access to the cytoplasm and, ultimately, to exit cells. It is believed that herpesvirus nucleocapsids enter the perinuclear space by budding through the inner nuclear membrane (NM). To reach the cytoplasm these enveloped particles must fuse with the outer NM and...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0703790104
更新日期:2007-06-12 00:00:00
abstract::Cultural and linguistic groups are often expected to represent genetic populations. In this article, we tested the hypothesis that the hierarchical classification of languages proposed by J. Greenberg [(1987) Language in the Americas (Stanford Univ. Press, Stanford, CA)] also represents the genetic structure of Native...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0409301102
更新日期:2005-02-01 00:00:00