Abstract:
:Operant conditioning techniques were used to assess how gender and song familiarity affect song discrimination in adult zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata). Twenty-five males and females, divided into five cohorts, were trained to discriminate between conspecific songs at different times of year. Males discriminating between their own and another song from their own aviary reached criterion in the fewest number of trials, followed by males discriminating between two songs from their own aviary, then by males discriminating between songs they had not heard before. Females discriminating between two songs from their own aviary required more trials than males to reach criterion, but, unlike in males, song familiarity did not have a significant effect on song discrimination by females. The number of trials required to reach criterion was greater in winter than in summer, suggesting a photoperiodic effect in what has been regarded as a nonphotoperiodic species. Gender, season, and familiarity appear to affect how zebra finches discriminate between conspecific songs.
journal_name
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S Aauthors
Cynx J,Nottebohm Fdoi
10.1073/pnas.89.4.1368subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1992-02-15 00:00:00pages
1368-71issue
4eissn
0027-8424issn
1091-6490journal_volume
89pub_type
杂志文章abstract::HLA-DR2 is associated with susceptibility to multiple sclerosis (MS). A peptide from human myelin basic protein (MBP, residues 85-99) was previously found to bind to purified HLA-DR2 (DRA, DRB1*1501) and to be recognized by human MBP-specific T cell clones. Soluble HLA-DR2 was expressed in the baculovirus system by re...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.95.20.11828
更新日期:1998-09-29 00:00:00
abstract::Transcriptional activation of the HIV type 1 (HIV-1) long terminal repeat (LTR) promoter element by the viral Tat protein is an essential step in the HIV-1 life cycle. Tat function is mediated by the TAR RNA target element encoded within the LTR and is known to require the recruitment of a complex consisting of Tat an...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.96.14.7791
更新日期:1999-07-06 00:00:00
abstract::Multifunctional nanoparticles for biomedical applications have shown extraordinary potential as contrast agents in various bioimaging modalities, near-IR photothermal therapy, and for light-triggered therapeutic release processes. Over the past several years, numerous studies have been performed to synthesize and enha...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1701944114
更新日期:2017-07-03 00:00:00
abstract::Natural transformation (i.e., the uptake of DNA and its stable integration in the chromosome) is a major mechanism of horizontal gene transfer in bacteria. Although the vast majority of bacterial genomes carry the genes involved in natural transformation, close relatives of naturally transformable species often appear...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1909374116
更新日期:2019-09-10 00:00:00
abstract::Estimation of evolutionary distances has always been a major issue in the study of molecular evolution because evolutionary distances are required for estimating the rate of evolution in a gene, the divergence dates between genes or organisms, and the relationships among genes or organisms. Other closely related issue...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.95.11.5899
更新日期:1998-05-26 00:00:00
abstract::An assay has been developed to test the hypothesis that neurons from a limited area of the retina will adhere preferentially to that part of the optic tectum near their normal synaptic termini. The method measures the adherence of (32)P-labeled cell bodies from either the dorsal or ventral half of the neural retina of...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.70.9.2482
更新日期:1973-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sirtuin 2 (SIRT2) is a sirtuin family deacetylase that directs acetylome signaling, protects genome integrity, and is a murine tumor suppressor. We show that SIRT2 directs replication stress responses by regulating the activity of cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (CDK9), a protein required for recovery from replication arres...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1301463110
更新日期:2013-08-13 00:00:00
abstract::The complexity and specificity of metazoan transcription are determined by combinatorial control of the composition and activity of regulatory complexes. To investigate the basis of this specificity, we focused on the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), a single regulatory factor that integrates multiple signals to give ris...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1216108110
更新日期:2013-01-29 00:00:00
abstract::An isoform of the mammalian renal type II Na/Pi-cotransporter is described. Homology of this isoform to described mammalian and nonmammalian type II cotransporters is between 57 and 75%. Based on major diversities at the C terminus, the new isoform is designed as type IIb Na/Pi-cotransporter. Na/Pi-cotransport mediate...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.95.24.14564
更新日期:1998-11-24 00:00:00
abstract::Both plants and animals require the activity of proteins containing nucleotide binding (NB) domain and leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domains for proper immune system function. NB-LRR proteins in plants (NLR proteins in animals) also require conserved regulation via the proteins SGT1 and cytosolic HSP90. RAR1, a protein sp...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0904877106
更新日期:2009-06-16 00:00:00
abstract::Near infrared diffuse optical spectroscopy and diffuse optical imaging are promising methods that eventually may enhance or replace existing technologies for breast cancer screening and diagnosis. These techniques are based on highly sensitive, quantitative measurements of optical and functional contrast between healt...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.071511098
更新日期:2001-04-10 00:00:00
abstract::Wild-type Escherichia coli cells grow normally in 95% O(2)/5% CO(2). In contrast, cells that cannot make polyamines because of mutations in the biosynthetic pathway are rapidly killed by incubation in 95% O(2)/5% CO(2). Addition of polyamines prevents the toxic effect of oxygen, permitting cell survival and optimal gr...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.2627990100
更新日期:2003-03-04 00:00:00
abstract::The X-ray crystal structure of the Head module, one-third of the Mediator of transcriptional regulation, has been determined as a complex with the C-terminal domain (CTD) of RNA polymerase II. The structure reveals multiple points of interaction with an extended conformation of the CTD; it suggests a basis for regulat...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1215241109
更新日期:2012-10-30 00:00:00
abstract::Global increases in population, consumption, and gross domestic product raise concerns about the sustainability of the current and future use of natural resources. The human appropriation of net primary production (HANPP) provides a useful measure of human intervention into the biosphere. The productive capacity of la...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1211349110
更新日期:2013-06-18 00:00:00
abstract::DNA synthesized in vitro from a phage M13 template has been cleaved at either guanine, adenine, or cytosine residues by ribosubstitution techniques. Fingerprints of the fragments obtained suggest that DNA sequencing will be possible with this technique. ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.69.1.238
更新日期:1972-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Protein aggregation is a hallmark of many diseases, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), where aggregation of Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1) is implicated in causing neurodegeneration. Recent studies have suggested that destabilization and aggregation of the most immature form of SOD1, the disulfide-reduc...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0913021108
更新日期:2011-02-08 00:00:00
abstract::The S-M checkpoint delays mitosis until DNA replication is complete; cells defective in this checkpoint lose viability when DNA replication is inhibited. This inviability can be suppressed in fission yeast by overexpression of Cid1 or the related protein Cid13. Fission yeast contain six cid1/cid13-like genes, whereas ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.192467799
更新日期:2002-09-17 00:00:00
abstract::The induction of antigen-specific tolerance is critical for the prevention of autoimmunity and maintenance of immune tolerance. In addition to their classical role as sentinels of the immune response-inducing T cell reactivity, dendritic cells (DCs) play an important role in maintaining peripheral tolerance through th...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0504484102
更新日期:2005-09-20 00:00:00
abstract::Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) was reconstituted from the RNA of a common strain (OM) and the protein of a watermelon strain of cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV-W), which is a member of the tobamovirus group. In 0.25 M phosphate buffer at 25 degrees C, CGMMV-W protein existed mainly as 21S aggregates. When this p...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.79.19.5833
更新日期:1982-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::During clathrin-mediated endocytosis, adaptor proteins recognize specific internalization signals on cargo receptors, either recruiting cargos into clathrin-coated pits (CCPs) or initiating clathrin-coat assembly around the cargo molecules. Here, we identify epsin 1, a clathrin-, ubiquitin-, and phospholipid-interacti...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0803711105
更新日期:2008-08-19 00:00:00
abstract::The three lipin phosphatidate phosphatase (PAP) enzymes catalyze a step in glycerolipid biosynthesis, the conversion of phosphatidate to diacylglycerol. Lipin-1 is critical for lipid synthesis and homeostasis in adipose tissue, liver, muscle, and peripheral nerves. Little is known about the physiological role of lipin...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1205221109
更新日期:2012-09-11 00:00:00
abstract::The development of seeds in flowering plants is placed under complex interactions between maternal tissues, the embryo, and the endosperm. The endosperm plays a major role in the regulation of seed size. In Arabidopsis thaliana, endosperm size depends on the coordination of the genetic pathway HAIKU (IKU) with epigene...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1305175110
更新日期:2013-09-17 00:00:00
abstract::Y chromosomes are different from other chromosomes because of a lack of recombination. Until now, complete sequence information of Y chromosomes has been available only for some primates, although considerable information is available for other organisms, e.g., several species of Drosophila. Here, we report the gene o...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0609054104
更新日期:2007-04-10 00:00:00
abstract::The lateral mobility of individual murine polyoma virus-like particles (VLPs) bound to live cells and artificial lipid bilayers was studied by single fluorescent particle tracking using total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy. The particle trajectories were analyzed in terms of diffusion rates and modes of m...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0504407102
更新日期:2005-10-18 00:00:00
abstract::Genes that are unexpressed in somatic cells have been activated by injecting cultured cell nuclei of the frog Xenopus laevis into oocytes of the newt Pleurodeles waltlii. The genes that were activated are normally expressed in oocytes but not in cultured cells. Conversely, genes that are normally expressed in cultured...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.74.6.2470
更新日期:1977-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::From what viruses the human immunodeficiency viruses (HIVs) originated is an extremely controversial question. To address this question, we have analyzed nucleotide sequences of simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIVs) and HIVs by using the techniques for understanding molecular evolution. In particular, we compared the...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.87.11.4108
更新日期:1990-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The membrane currents of chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEFs) transformed by Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) were compared with the currents of their nontransformed counterparts by using the whole-cell patch-clamp technique. In nontransformed CEFs, the main membrane current is a delayed outward K+ current that is sensitive to t...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.90.8.3403
更新日期:1993-04-15 00:00:00
abstract::Normal mammary epithelial cells from BALB/cfC3H midpregnant mice were freed from stromal cell types by Percoll density gradient centrifugation after collagenase digestion and were then embedded within collagen gels. Sustained growth leading to an increase in cell number was accomplished in response to cholera toxin an...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.77.4.2088
更新日期:1980-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Declining biodiversity and ecosystem functions put many of nature's contributions to people at risk. We review and synthesize the scientific literature to assess 50-y global trends across a broad range of nature's contributions. We distinguish among trends in potential and realized contributions of nature, as well as ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.2010473117
更新日期:2020-12-22 00:00:00
abstract::The substance P (SP)-preferring receptor neurokinin-1 receptor (NK-1R) has two forms: a full-length receptor consisting of 407 aa and a truncated receptor consisting of 311 aa. These two receptors differ in the length of the C terminus of NK-1R. We studied the undifferentiated and phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)-diffe...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0602563103
更新日期:2006-05-16 00:00:00