Abstract：
:Recent advances in molecular biology have facilitated analyses of the oral microbiome ("Who are they?"); however, its functions (e.g., metabolic activities) are poorly understood ("What are they doing?"). This review aims to summarize our current understanding of the metabolism of the oral microbiome. Saccharolytic bacteria-including Streptococcus, Actinomyces, and Lactobacillus species-degrade carbohydrates into organic acids via the Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathway and several of its branch pathways, resulting in dental caries, while alkalization and acid neutralization via the arginine deiminase system, urease, and so on, counteract acidification. Proteolytic/amino acid-degrading bacteria, including Prevotella and Porphyromonas species, break down proteins and peptides into amino acids and degrade them further via specific pathways to produce short-chain fatty acids, ammonia, sulfur compounds, and indole/skatole, which act as virulent and modifying factors in periodontitis and oral malodor. Furthermore, it is suggested that ethanol-derived acetaldehyde can cause oral cancer, while nitrate-derived nitrite can aid caries prevention and systemic health. Microbial metabolic activity is influenced by the oral environment; however, it can also modify the oral environment, enhance the pathogenicity of bacteria, and induce microbial selection to create more pathogenic microbiome. Taking a metabolomic approach to analyzing the oral microbiome is crucial to improving our understanding of the functions of the oral microbiome.
journal_name
J Dent Resjournal_title
Journal of dental researchauthors
Takahashi Ndoi
10.1177/0022034515606045subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2015-12-01 00:00:00pages
1628-37issue
12eissn
0022-0345issn
1544-0591pii
0022034515606045journal_volume
94pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:This case-control study evaluated the association of headache and other co-morbid pain with temporomandibular disorder (TMD) pain in adolescents and explored the temporal co-variance of headache and TMD pain. In a population-based sample of 12- to 19-year-olds, 350 patients with self-reported TMD pain and 350 healthy ...
journal_title：Journal of dental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/0022034513496255
更新日期：2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Caries increment is affected by sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption. Taxing SSBs could reduce sugar consumption and caries increment. The authors aimed to estimate the impact of a 20% SSB sales tax on caries increment and associated treatment costs (as well as the resulting tax revenue) in the context of German...
journal_title：Journal of dental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/0022034516660278
更新日期：2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We determined the exposure to mercury from dental amalgam by comparison of blood levels of mercury before and after removal of all amalgams from ten subjects. Baseline concentrations of mercury in whole blood were measured weekly for four to 18 weeks (median = 6.6 weeks) prior to removal. All amalgams were removed in ...
journal_title：Journal of dental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/00220345890680050501
更新日期：1989-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The surface enamel of fetal bovine teeth was stained with GBHA to indicate the position of bands of smooth-ended and ruffle-ended ameloblasts relative to the developing enamel. The boundaries of the bands were scored, under a dissecting microscope, and the bulk enamel under each band was collected. The enamel samples ...
journal_title：Journal of dental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/00220345880670060901
更新日期：1988-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Stress-relaxation measurements were performed on specimens of radicular human dentin. The relaxation modulus showed a linear dependence on the logarithm of time and the approximation to the logarithmic distribution function of relaxation times was used to predict the behavior of other viscoelastic properties. This exp...
journal_title：Journal of dental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/00220345750540061801
更新日期：1975-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The junctional epithelium (JE) is unique with regard to its wide intercellular spaces and sparsely developed intercellular junctions. Thus, knowledge of the molecular mechanisms that regulate the formation of the intercellular junctions of the junctional epithelium may be essential to understand the pathophysiology of...
journal_title：Journal of dental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/0022034515619375
更新日期：2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Genetic studies of early-onset periodontitis (EOP) are hampered by several factors. These include delayed onset of the trait, an upper age limit of expression of the disease, and lack of phenotypic information for edentulous family members. Segregation analyses of families with EOP support a major locus hypothesis but...
journal_title：Journal of dental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/00220345000790031201
更新日期：2000-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This paper aims to present a simple overview of potential new diagnostic methods for dental caries. There are several novel methods of caries detection (with potential application to diagnosis) which have been proposed in the last few years, in addition to those that are gaining some commercial exposure and clinical a...
journal_title：Journal of dental research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1177/154405910408301s18
更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Nearly 100% of patients experience trauma to the trigeminal nerve during orthognathic surgery, impairing sensation and sensory function on the face. In a recent randomized clinical trial, people who performed sensory re-training exercises reported less difficulty related to residual numbness and decreased lip sensitiv...
journal_title：Journal of dental research
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi：10.1177/154405910708600616
更新日期：2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The synthesis of many polycarboxylic acids is reported. An account is given of their stability in aqueous solution and the properties of cements formed by their reaction with ion-leachable glasses. A copolymer of acrylic and itaconic acids was found to combine several favorable characteristics. ...
journal_title：Journal of dental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/00220345800590060801
更新日期：1980-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Smoking is a major risk of periodontal diseases. At the site of first contact, the gingiva is exposed to aromatic amines and polycyclic hydrocarbons. These are metabolized by the N-acetyltransferases (NAT), leading to local detoxification and/or activation reactions contributing to the risk of periodontal destruction ...
journal_title：Journal of dental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/154405910208100512
更新日期：2002-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The oral microbiome is one of the most stable ecosystems in the body and yet the reasons for this are still unclear. As well as being stable, it is also highly diverse which can be ascribed to the variety of niches available in the mouth. Previous studies have focused on the microflora in disease-either caries or peri...
journal_title：Journal of dental research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1177/0022034520915486
更新日期：2020-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The histopathologic status of gingival tissue was assessed according to the criteria of Page and Schroeder.(5) Rhodamine-labeled bacteria were used to assess the antigenic specificity of plasma cells in the tissue. Examination of tissue sections revealed that 31.6% of plasma cells in the advanced lesions bound the lab...
journal_title：Journal of dental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/0022034580059S213
更新日期：1980-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In 1986, the first nationwide epidemiological survey of adult oral health and attitudes to oral health care was carried out in The Netherlands. One of the aims of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and the quality (in terms of need for replacement) of amalgam and composite restorations in the Dutch adult popula...
journal_title：Journal of dental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/00220345900690060901
更新日期：1990-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Oxygen inhibits polymerization of resin-based materials. We hypothesized that compromised bonding to bleached enamel can be reversed with sodium ascorbate, an anti-oxidant. Sandblasted human enamel specimens were treated with distilled water (control) and 10% carbamide peroxide gel with or without further treatment wi...
journal_title：Journal of dental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/154405910208100709
更新日期：2002-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although systemic bone loss accompanying estrogen deficiency has been proposed as a risk factor for periodontal disease in post-menopausal women, the mechanisms involved remain unclear. The objective of this study was to elucidate the potential bone-sparing effect of estrogen (17beta-estradiol, E(2)) via modulation of...
journal_title：Journal of dental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/154405910808700214
更新日期：2008-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Our long-term objective is to devise methods to improve osteotomy site preparation and, in doing so, facilitate implant osseointegration. As a first step in this process, we developed a standardized oral osteotomy model in ovariectomized rats. There were 2 unique features to this model: first, the rats exhibited an os...
journal_title：Journal of dental research
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1177/0022034517742631
更新日期：2018-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Previous studies have demonstrated that antibodies against cholinoreceptors of exocrine glands correlate with dry mouth in persons with primary Sjögren syndrome (pSS). The aim of the present investigation was to establish if serum IgG antibodies (pSS IgG) were able to interact with cholinoreceptors in rat submandibula...
journal_title：Journal of dental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/154405910708600905
更新日期：2007-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Dental amalgam restorations are a significant source of mercury exposure in the human population, but their potential to cause systemic health effects is highly disputed. We examined effects on the immune system by giving genetically mercury-susceptible Brown Norway (BN) rats and mercury-resistant Lewis (LE) rats silv...
journal_title：Journal of dental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/00220345980770060601
更新日期：1998-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In this study, the differences in lesion remineralization and fluoride uptake after brushing with a 300 ppm F or a 1000 ppm F dentifrice (as NaF) were investigated. Twenty volunteers with partial dentures in their lower jaws were divided into two groups. Bovine enamel slabs with artificial lesions were mounted in the ...
journal_title：Journal of dental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/00220345860650120601
更新日期：1986-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) in craniofacial bones mediates osteoprogenitor proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. The distortion of proper craniofacial bone growth may cause class II and class III skeletal malocclusion and result in compromised function and aesthetics. Here, we investigated the...
journal_title：Journal of dental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/0022034519872951
更新日期：2019-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study has identified and characterized class II (Ia) antigen-expressing cells in the normal rat incisor pulp by immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry. Two types of Ia-expressing cells occurred: one with a pronounced dendritic appearance located primarily in the periphery of the pulp, and one with morphological ...
journal_title：Journal of dental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/00220345880670100301
更新日期：1988-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Patients suffering from temporomandibular dysfunction exhibit clinical findings such as fatigue, painful muscles, and muscles that are tender to palpation, not only in the temporomandibular area, but also in the neck/shoulder region. The mechanisms behind this are not known, although previous studies of similar spread...
journal_title：Journal of dental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/00220345000790101401
更新日期：2000-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Acculturation is a complex phenomenon that can serve as a proxy for cultural norms and behaviors affecting care-seeking, prevention behaviors, and, ultimately, health outcomes. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of acculturation on the oral health of Haitian immigrants in New York City. We hypothesized...
journal_title：Journal of dental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/154405910408300219
更新日期：2004-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Enamel demineralization adjacent to pit and fissure sealants leads to the formation of marginal caries, which can necessitate the replacement of existing sealants. Dental materials with bioactive glass, which releases ions that inhibit dental caries, have been studied. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ena...
journal_title：Journal of dental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/0022034515626116
更新日期：2016-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The dental phenolic medicaments, eugenol and guaiacol, are partly similar in chemical structure to capsaicin, the pungent constituent of chili peppers, which selectively activates sensory neurons via a specific receptor. We have previously demonstrated that these phenolic compounds show capsaicin-like action. In the p...
journal_title：Journal of dental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/00220345970760040501
更新日期：1997-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Investigators have used chemotherapeutic agents topically for plaque control without knowing the drug concentration necessary to inhibit the growth of odontopathic microorganisms. S mutans, S sanguis, A viscosus and A naeslundii are important components of the plaque flora. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) ...
journal_title：Journal of dental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/00220345760550040401
更新日期：1976-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Growing interest in the treatment and prevention of Molar/Incisor Hypomineralization (MIH) warrants investigation into the protein composition of hypomineralized enamel. Hypothesizing abnormality akin to amelogenesis imperfecta, we profiled proteins in hypomineralized enamel from human permanent first molars using a b...
journal_title：Journal of dental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/0022034510375824
更新日期：2010-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The goal of this study was to assess the ability of a scintillation camera method to detect areas of active bone loss due to periodontitis. Technetium 99m methylene diphosphonate was used as the bone-seeking radiopharmaceutical. Bone-seeking radiopharmaceutical uptake (BSRU) was imaged and quantified in alveolar bone ...
journal_title：Journal of dental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/00220345910700010801
更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:While dental pulp appears to be able to form mineralized matrices that do not always resemble dentin, the precise characteristics of the hard tissue and the mechanism of its induction remain unknown. Therefore, we evaluated hard tissue induced by transplantation of pulp into subcutaneous tissue. Seven days after trans...
journal_title：Journal of dental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/154405910708600515
更新日期：2007-05-01 00:00:00
