Maternal transmission, sex ratio distortion, and mitochondria.

abstract：:The primary structure of the precursor of urotensin I, a neuropeptide hormone from the caudal neurosecretory system of the carp Cyprinus carpio, has been determined by analyzing the nucleotide sequence of cloned DNA complementary to the mRNA encoding it. The precursor consists of 145 amino acid residues and the carbox...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ishida I,Ichikawa T,Deguchi T

更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Characterization and functional annotation of the large number of proteins predicted from genome sequencing projects poses a major scientific challenge. Whereas several proteomics techniques have been developed to quantify the abundance of proteins, these methods provide little information regarding protein function. ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Okerberg ES,Wu J,Zhang B,Samii B,Blackford K,Winn DT,Shreder KR,Burbaum JJ,Patricelli MP

更新日期：2005-04-05 00:00:00

abstract：:The human beta-globin locus control region (LCR) consists of four erythroid-specific DNaseI hypersensitive sites (HSs) at the 5' end of the beta-globin cluster. The LCR functions over a long distance on chromosome 11 to regulate transcription and replication of the beta-globin genes. To determine whether the HSs funct...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bresnick EH,Tze L

更新日期：1997-04-29 00:00:00

abstract：:Whereas the laws of thermodynamics prohibit extraction of useful work from the Brownian motion of particles in equilibrium, these motions can be "rectified" under nonequilibrium conditions, for example, in the presence of asymmetric geometrical obstacles. Here, we describe a class of systems in which aerobic bacteria ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Sokolov A,Apodaca MM,Grzybowski BA,Aranson IS

更新日期：2010-01-19 00:00:00

abstract：:We determined the crystal structure of the Escherichia coli nucleoid-associated HUalphabeta protein by x-ray diffraction and observed that the heterodimers form multimers with octameric units in three potential arrangements, which may serve specialized roles in different DNA transaction reactions. It is of special imp...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Guo F,Adhya S

更新日期：2007-03-13 00:00:00

abstract：:Current therapeutic interventions for the treatment of respiratory infections are hampered by the evolution of multidrug resistance in pathogens as well as the lack of effective cellular targets. Despite the identification of multiple region-specific lung progenitor cells, the identity of molecules that might be thera...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Khatri A,Kraft BD,Tata PR,Randell SH,Piantadosi CA,Pendergast AM

更新日期：2019-01-29 00:00:00

abstract：:Glucagon and insulin are first detectable at the onset of rat pancreas organogenesis. Initially, the specific activity of glucagon is approximately 100-fold higher than that of insulin. At this early stage, endocrine storage granules, similar to alpha granules, are identifiable in electron micrographs. The granule cha...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Rall LB,Pictet RL,Williams RH,Rutter WJ

更新日期：1973-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:An epithelial cell line, designated COMMA-1D, was derived from mammary tissue of BALB/c mice in the middle of pregnancy. This line, in continuous cell culture for 12 months, exhibits several characteristics distinctive of normal mammary epithelial cells, including induction of casein synthesis in vitro and normal duct...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Danielson KG,Oborn CJ,Durban EM,Butel JS,Medina D

更新日期：1984-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Biological polymers such as nucleic acids and proteins are constructed of only one-the d or l-of the two possible nonsuperimposable mirror images (enantiomers) of selected organic compounds. However, before the advent of life, it is generally assumed that chemical reactions produced 50:50 (racemic) mixtures of enantio...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Cooper G,Rios AC

更新日期：2016-06-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Many processes in nature are modeled using compartmental systems (reservoir/pool/box systems). Usually, they are expressed as a set of first-order differential equations describing the transfer of matter across a network of compartments. The concepts of age of matter in compartments and the time required for particles...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Metzler H,Müller M,Sierra CA

更新日期：2018-02-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Genomic regions of nearly every species diverged into different haplotypes, mostly based on point mutations, small deletions, and insertions that do not affect the collinearity of genes within a species. However, the same genomic interval containing the z1C gene cluster of two inbred lines of Zea mays significantly lo...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Song R,Messing J

更新日期：2003-07-22 00:00:00

abstract：:We have isolated CaKRE9, a gene from Candida albicans, that is a functional homologue of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae KRE9 gene involved in beta-1,6-glucan synthesis. Disruption of the CaKRE9 gene in C. albicans shows that CaKre9p is required for the synthesis or assembly of this fungal polymer. Homozygous null disrup...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lussier M,Sdicu AM,Shahinian S,Bussey H

更新日期：1998-08-18 00:00:00

abstract：:Fluorescent bisretinoids, such as A2E and all-trans-retinal dimer, form as a by-product of vitamin A cycling in retina and accumulate in retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells as lipofuscin pigments. These pigments are implicated in pathological mechanisms involved in several vision-threatening diseases including age-...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wu Y,Yanase E,Feng X,Siegel MM,Sparrow JR

更新日期：2010-04-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Bacteriophage 434 encodes a repressor that, like bacteriophage lambda repressor, both activates and represses transcription. As in the lambda chromosome, a region of the 434 chromosome, called the right operator, contains three repressor binding sites (OR1, OR2, and OR3) that mediate these effects on two adjacent prom...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bushman FD,Ptashne M

更新日期：1986-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Depolarization of neuroblastoma cells causes a 70-fold increase in the apparent dissociation constant KD for scorpion toxin enhancement of activation of the action potential Na+ ionophore by veratridine and a large increase in the rate of reversal of scorpion toxin action. Depolarization also inhibits binding of 125I-...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Catterall WA,Ray R,Morrow CS

更新日期：1976-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In healthy adults, activation of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)(A) and glycine receptors inhibits neurons as a result of low intracellular chloride concentration ([Cl(-)](i)), which is maintained by the potassium-chloride cotransporter KCC2. A reduction of KCC2 expression or function is implicated in the pathogenesis of s...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bos R,Sadlaoud K,Boulenguez P,Buttigieg D,Liabeuf S,Brocard C,Haase G,Bras H,Vinay L

更新日期：2013-01-02 00:00:00

abstract：:The auditory cortex is critical for perceiving a sound's location. However, there is no topographic representation of acoustic space, and individual auditory cortical neurons are often broadly tuned to stimulus location. It thus remains unclear how acoustic space is represented in the mammalian cerebral cortex and how...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Miller LM,Recanzone GH

更新日期：2009-04-07 00:00:00

abstract：:Photonic materials with positionally ordered structure can interact strongly with light to produce brilliant structural colors. Here, we found that the nonperiodic nematic liquid crystals of nanoplates can also display structural color with only significant orientational order. Owing to the loose stacking of the nemat...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Zeng M,King D,Huang D,Do C,Wang L,Chen M,Lei S,Lin P,Chen Y,Cheng Z

更新日期：2019-09-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Congenital osteopetrosis in the mutant rat "op" is accompanied by early atrophy of the thymus gland. The response of thymocytes to concanavalin A and phytohemagglutinin P was greatly diminished at age 28 days, even before pronounced thymic atrophy could be detected. The response of spleen cells to mitogens that stimul...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Milhaud G,Labat ML,Parant M,Damais C,Chedid L

更新日期：1977-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) are cell surface glycoproteins that may play a variety of roles in morphogenesis and histogenesis, particularly in defining borders of discrete cell populations. To examine the influence of CAM expression on such cell segregation events in vitro, we have transfected cells with cDNAs codi...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Friedlander DR,Mège RM,Cunningham BA,Edelman GM

更新日期：1989-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Outside of the tropics, environmental conditions fluctuate in a generally predictable manner across the year. Many small mammals have evolved mechanisms, such as seasonal breeding and annual adjustments in physiology, morphology, and behavior, that promote winter survival when food is scarce and thermoregulation is ch...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Weil ZM,Norman GJ,DeVries AC,Berntson GG,Nelson RJ

更新日期：2009-03-17 00:00:00

abstract：:In vivo electroporation is a powerful technique for the introduction of genes into organisms. Temporal and spatial regulation of expression of introduced genes, or of RNAi, would further enhance the utility of this method. Here we demonstrate conditional regulation of gene expression from electroporated plasmids in th...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Matsuda T,Cepko CL

更新日期：2007-01-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Antibodies provide effective antiviral immunity despite the fact that viruses escape into cells when they infect. Here we show that antibodies remain attached to viruses after cell infection and mediate an intracellular immune response that disables virions in the cytosol. We have discovered that cells possess a cytos...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Mallery DL,McEwan WA,Bidgood SR,Towers GJ,Johnson CM,James LC

更新日期：2010-11-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Relative cerebral glucose metabolism was examined with positron-emission tomography (PET) as a measure of neuronal activation during performance of the classically conditioned eyeblink response in 12 young adult subjects. Each subject received three sessions: (i) a control session with PET scan in which unpaired prese...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Logan CG,Grafton ST

更新日期：1995-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Usual human livers contain two major aldehyde dehydrogenase [(ALDH) aldehyde:NAD+ oxidoreductase] isozymes--i.e., a cytosolic ALDH1 component and a mitochondrial ALDH2 component--whereas approximately equal to 50% of Orientals are "atypical" and have only the ALDH1 isozyme and are missing the ALDH2 isozyme. We previou...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Yoshida A,Huang IY,Ikawa M

更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Activation of the MEK/ERK/Elk-signaling cascade is a mechanism for relaying mitogenic and stress stimuli for gene activation. MEK1 is the proximate kinase for activation of ERK1/2, and nuclear targeting of ERK1/2 is obligatory for Elk1 transcriptional activity. Human biliverdin reductase (hBVR) is a recently described...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lerner-Marmarosh N,Miralem T,Gibbs PE,Maines MD

更新日期：2008-05-13 00:00:00

abstract：:Gene regulatory networks (GRNs) provide a transformation function between the static genomic sequence and the primary spatial specification processes operating development. The regulatory information encompassed in developmental GRNs thus goes far beyond the control of individual genes. We here address regulatory info...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Peter IS,Davidson EH

更新日期：2017-06-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Transient expression of either alpha or alpha + beta subunits of the high-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ (maxi-K) channel has been achieved in COS-1 cells. Expression has been studied using charybdotoxin (ChTX), a peptidyl inhibitor that binds in the pore on the alpha subunit. Although some properties of monoiodotyrosi...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hanner M,Schmalhofer WA,Munujos P,Knaus HG,Kaczorowski GJ,Garcia ML

更新日期：1997-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Microbial fatty acid derivatives are emerging as promising alternatives to fossil fuel derived transportation fuels. Among bacterial fatty acid synthases (FAS), the Escherichia coli FAS is perhaps the most well studied, but little is known about its steady-state kinetic behavior. Here we describe the reconstitution of...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Yu X,Liu T,Zhu F,Khosla C

更新日期：2011-11-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Blot hybridization analysis that used labeled tubulin cDNA probes revealed that N6,O2'-dibutyryladenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate [dibutyryl cyclic AMP (Bt2cAMP)] initially increases and later decreases the level of tubulin mRNA in a neuroblastoma-glioma hybrid cell line as well as in the parent cells. A significan...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ginzburg I,Rybak S,Kimhi Y,Littauer UZ

更新日期：1983-07-01 00:00:00