Populations of auditory cortical neurons can accurately encode acoustic space across stimulus intensity.

abstract：:The evolutionary process that occurs when a species colonizes a new environment provides an opportunity to explore the mechanisms underlying genetic adaptation, which is essential knowledge for understanding evolution and the maintenance of biodiversity. Atlantic herring has an estimated total breeding stock of about ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hill J,Enbody ED,Pettersson ME,Sprehn CG,Bekkevold D,Folkvord A,Laikre L,Kleinau G,Scheerer P,Andersson L

更新日期：2019-09-10 00:00:00

abstract：:We report 10 heterozygous mutations in the human insulin gene in 16 probands with neonatal diabetes. A combination of linkage and a candidate gene approach in a family with four diabetic members led to the identification of the initial INS gene mutation. The mutations are inherited in an autosomal dominant manner in t...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Støy J,Edghill EL,Flanagan SE,Ye H,Paz VP,Pluzhnikov A,Below JE,Hayes MG,Cox NJ,Lipkind GM,Lipton RB,Greeley SA,Patch AM,Ellard S,Steiner DF,Hattersley AT,Philipson LH,Bell GI,Neonatal Diabetes International Collabora

更新日期：2007-09-18 00:00:00

abstract：:Cancers frequently arise as a result of an acquired genomic instability and the subsequent clonal evolution of neoplastic cells with variable patterns of genetic aberrations. Thus, the presence and behaviors of distinct clonal populations in each patient's tumor may underlie multiple clinical phenotypes in cancers. We...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ruiz C,Lenkiewicz E,Evers L,Holley T,Robeson A,Kiefer J,Demeure MJ,Hollingsworth MA,Shen M,Prunkard D,Rabinovitch PS,Zellweger T,Mousses S,Trent JM,Carpten JD,Bubendorf L,Von Hoff D,Barrett MT

更新日期：2011-07-19 00:00:00

abstract：:The Sleeping Beauty (SB) transposon mutagenesis screen is a powerful tool to facilitate the discovery of cancer genes that drive tumorigenesis in mouse models. In this study, we sought to identify genes that functionally cooperate with sonic hedgehog signaling to initiate medulloblastoma (MB), a tumor of the cerebellu...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Genovesi LA,Ng CG,Davis MJ,Remke M,Taylor MD,Adams DJ,Rust AG,Ward JM,Ban KH,Jenkins NA,Copeland NG,Wainwright BJ

更新日期：2013-11-12 00:00:00

abstract：:A compound of simple structure, 2,4-dichlorobenzyl thiocyanate (DCBT), is an antimitotic agent with a number of unusual properties. The drug causes an extreme reorganization of microtubules in cells in culture. Most normal microtubules disappear, and remaining tubulin-containing structures appear to be bundled or aggr...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Abraham I,Dion RL,Chi DM,Gottesman MM,Hamel E

更新日期：1986-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The plasma membrane (PM) is composed of heterogeneous subdomains, characterized by differences in protein and lipid composition. PM receptors can be dynamically sorted into membrane domains to underpin signaling in response to extracellular stimuli. In plants, the plasmodesmal PM is a discrete microdomain that hosts s...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Cheval C,Samwald S,Johnston MG,de Keijzer J,Breakspear A,Liu X,Bellandi A,Kadota Y,Zipfel C,Faulkner C

更新日期：2020-04-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Plasmid pT181 is a 4437-base-pair, multicopy plasmid of Staphylococcus aureus that encodes tetracycline resistance. The replication of the leading strand of pT181 DNA initiates by covalent extension of a site-specific nick generated by the initiator protein at the origin of replication and proceeds by an asymmetric ro...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Birch P,Khan SA

更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The oncoproteins MDM2 and MDMX negatively regulate the activity and stability of the tumor suppressor protein p53--a cellular process initiated by MDM2 and/or MDMX binding to the N-terminal transactivation domain of p53. MDM2 and MDMX in many tumors confer p53 inactivation and tumor survival, and are important molecul...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Pazgier M,Liu M,Zou G,Yuan W,Li C,Li C,Li J,Monbo J,Zella D,Tarasov SG,Lu W

更新日期：2009-03-24 00:00:00

abstract：:The envelope spike of HIV is one of the most highly N-glycosylated structures found in nature. However, despite extensive research revealing essential functional roles in infection and immune evasion, the chemical structures of the glycans on the native viral envelope glycoprotein gp120--as opposed to recombinantly ge...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Doores KJ,Bonomelli C,Harvey DJ,Vasiljevic S,Dwek RA,Burton DR,Crispin M,Scanlan CN

更新日期：2010-08-03 00:00:00

abstract：:The HIV envelope (Env) protein mediates entry into cells by binding CD4 and an appropriate coreceptor, which triggers structural changes in Env that lead to fusion between the viral and cellular membranes. The major HIV-1 coreceptors are the seven transmembrane domain chemokine receptors CCR5 and CXCR4. The type of co...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hoffman TL,Canziani G,Jia L,Rucker J,Doms RW

更新日期：2000-10-10 00:00:00

abstract：:We have constructed a hybrid E beta gene by replacing the second exon of the Ed beta gene (which encodes the majority of the beta 1 protein domain) with the corresponding exon from the Eb beta gene. The hybrid gene has been introduced into a d haplotype host, the lymphoma beta-cell line A20-2J, and an E alpha E beta d...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Folsom V,Gay D,Tonegawa S

更新日期：1985-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Traits that enable species to persist in ecological environments are often maintained over time, a phenomenon known as niche conservatism. Here we argue that ecological niches function at levels above species, notably at the level of genus for mammals, and that niche conservatism is also evident above the species leve...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hadly EA,Spaeth PA,Li C

更新日期：2009-11-17 00:00:00

abstract：:We have previously shown that surfactant protein A (SP-A) mediates in vitro killing of mycoplasmas by alveolar macrophages (AMs) from resistant C57BL/6 mice through a nitric oxide (.NO)-dependent mechanism. Herein, SP-A-deficient [SP-A(-/-)] and inducible.NO synthase-deficient [iNOS(-/-)] mice were infected intranasal...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hickman-Davis J,Gibbs-Erwin J,Lindsey JR,Matalon S

更新日期：1999-04-27 00:00:00

abstract：:The knowledge of tropical palaeoclimates is crucial for understanding global climate change, because it is a test bench for general circulation models that are ultimately used to predict future global warming. A longstanding issue concerning the last glacial maximum in the tropics is the discrepancy between the decrea...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wu H,Guiot J,Brewer S,Guo Z,Peng C

更新日期：2007-06-05 00:00:00

abstract：:The double-stranded RNA (dsRNA)-dependent protein kinase (PKR) is induced as part of the IFN response in mammals and acts to shut down protein synthesis by the phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor 2alpha (eIF2alpha). In fish, a PKR-like kinase activity has been detected, but the enzyme responsible has elude...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Rothenburg S,Deigendesch N,Dittmar K,Koch-Nolte F,Haag F,Lowenhaupt K,Rich A

更新日期：2005-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Asymmetric cell division (ACD) is believed to be a physiological event that occurs during development and tissue homeostasis in a large variety of organisms. ACD produces two unequal daughter cells, one of which resembles a multipotent stem and/or progenitor cell, whereas the other has potential for differentiation. A...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Izumi H,Kaneko Y

更新日期：2012-10-30 00:00:00

abstract：:STAT1 is an essential transcription factor for macrophage activation by IFN-gamma and requires phosphorylation of the C-terminal Ser727 for transcriptional activity. In macrophages, Ser727 phosphorylation in response to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), UV irradiation, or TNF-alpha occurred through a signaling path ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kovarik P,Stoiber D,Eyers PA,Menghini R,Neininger A,Gaestel M,Cohen P,Decker T

更新日期：1999-11-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Prophenoloxidases (PPOs) are key enzymes of the melanization reaction, which is a prominent defense mechanism of arthropods. The mosquito Aedes aegypti has ten PPO genes in the genome, four of which (PPO1, PPO3, PPO5, and PPO8) were expressed in response to microbial infection. Cactus depletion resulted in transcripti...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Zou Z,Shin SW,Alvarez KS,Bian G,Kokoza V,Raikhel AS

更新日期：2008-11-25 00:00:00

abstract：:Social bees harbor a simple and specialized microbiota that is spatially organized into different gut compartments. Recent results on the potential involvement of bee gut communities in pathogen protection and nutritional function have drawn attention to the impact of the microbiota on bee health. However, the contrib...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Zheng H,Powell JE,Steele MI,Dietrich C,Moran NA

更新日期：2017-05-02 00:00:00

abstract：:The unique ability of bovine papillomavirus (BPV-1) DNA to replicate as a stable, multicopy plasmid in transformed mouse cells has led to its utilization as a eukaryotic cloning vector. One limitation of the system has been the marked reduction in transformation efficiency when BPV-1 DNA or the subgenomic transforming...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Sarver N,Byrne JC,Howley PM

更新日期：1982-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Receptor-type protein tyrosine phosphatase D (PTPRD) is a neuronal cell-adhesion molecule/synaptic specifier that has been implicated in addiction vulnerability and stimulant reward by human genomewide association and mouse cocaine-conditioned place-preference data. However, there have been no reports of effects of re...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Uhl GR,Martinez MJ,Paik P,Sulima A,Bi GH,Iyer MR,Gardner E,Rice KC,Xi ZX

更新日期：2018-11-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Long-term synaptic plasticity requires both gene expression in the nucleus and local protein synthesis at synapses. The effector proteins that link molecular events in the cell body with local maintenance of synaptic strength are not known. We now show that treatment with serotonin (5-HT) that produces long-term facil...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Giustetto M,Hegde AN,Si K,Casadio A,Inokuchi K,Pei W,Kandel ER,Schwartz JH

更新日期：2003-11-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Once-abundant aerial insectivores, such as the Tree Swallow (Tachycineta bicolor), have declined steadily in the past several decades, making it imperative to understand all aspects of their ecology. Aerial insectivores forage on a mixture of aquatic and terrestrial insects that differ in fatty acid composition, speci...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Twining CW,Brenna JT,Lawrence P,Shipley JR,Tollefson TN,Winkler DW

更新日期：2016-09-27 00:00:00

abstract：:ADP ribosylation factor (ARF) is a small guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-binding protein that regulates the binding of coat proteins to membranes and is required for several stages of vesicular transport. ARF also stimulates phospholipase D (PLD) activity, which can alter the lipid content of membranes by conversion of p...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ktistakis NT,Brown HA,Sternweis PC,Roth MG

更新日期：1995-05-23 00:00:00

abstract：:There has been much confusion recently about the relative merits of different approaches, osmotic stress, preferential interaction, and crowding, to describe the indirect effect of solutes on macromolecular conformations and reactions. To strengthen all interpretations of measurements and to forestall further unnecess...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Parsegian VA,Rand RP,Rau DC

更新日期：2000-04-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Avian homologues of mammalian gamma delta and alpha beta T-cell antigen receptors, TCR1 and TCR2, have been identified with monoclonal antibodies. These TCR isotypes are associated with the avian CD3 proteins on the T-cell surface. During chick development, T-cell subpopulations bearing CD3/TCR1 or CD3/TCR2 receptor c...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Chen CH,Sowder JT,Lahti JM,Cihak J,Lösch U,Cooper MD

更新日期：1989-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A recently determined set of 20 NMR-derived conformations of a 48-residue all-alpha-helical protein, (PDB ID code 2JVD), is validated here by comparing the observed (13)C(alpha) chemical shifts with those computed at the density functional level of theory. In addition, a recently introduced physics-based method, aimed...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Vila JA,Aramini JM,Rossi P,Kuzin A,Su M,Seetharaman J,Xiao R,Tong L,Montelione GT,Scheraga HA

更新日期：2008-09-23 00:00:00

abstract：:The pathways that allow quiescent disseminated cancer cells to survive during prolonged dormancy periods are unknown. Here, we identify the transcription factor ATF6alpha as a pivotal survival factor for quiescent but not proliferative squamous carcinoma cells. ATF6alpha is essential for the adaptation of dormant cell...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Schewe DM,Aguirre-Ghiso JA

更新日期：2008-07-29 00:00:00

abstract：:The fate of two recently described human B lymphocyte-specific antigens (B1 and B2) was studied after B-cell activation in vivo and in vitro. Whereas both B1 and B2 were present on virtually all B cells from normal lymph nodes, B2 was absent from approximately 50% of B cells from hyperplastic lymph nodes. When B cells...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Stashenko P,Nadler LM,Hardy R,Schlossman SF

更新日期：1981-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Angiogenesis restores blood flow to healing tissues, a process that is inhibited by high doses of glucocorticoids. However, the role of endogenous glucocorticoids and the potential for antiglucocorticoid therapy to enhance angiogenesis is unknown. Using in vitro and in vivo models of angiogenesis in mice, we examined ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Small GR,Hadoke PW,Sharif I,Dover AR,Armour D,Kenyon CJ,Gray GA,Walker BR

更新日期：2005-08-23 00:00:00