Information flow between interacting human brains: Identification, validation, and relationship to social expertise.

abstract：:It was proved that the protoplasts prepared from mesophyll of Nicotiana tabacum are infected by tobacco mosaic virus. The infection occurred when purified tobacco mosaic virus particles were added to a protoplast suspension in the presence of poly-L-ornithine. The virus multiplied in these protoplasts to a level of 10...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Takebe I,Otsuki Y

更新日期：1969-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The threshold behavior of the transport properties of a random metal in the critical region near a metal-insulator transition is strongly affected by the measuring electromagnetic fields. In spite of the randomness, the electrical conductivity exhibits striking phase-coherent effects due to broken symmetry, which grea...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Phillips JC

更新日期：1997-09-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Vertically transmitted symbionts that protect their hosts against parasites and pathogens are well known from insects, yet the underlying mechanisms of symbiont-mediated defense are largely unclear. A striking example of an ecologically important defensive symbiosis involves the woodland fly Drosophila neotestacea, wh...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hamilton PT,Peng F,Boulanger MJ,Perlman SJ

更新日期：2016-01-12 00:00:00

abstract：:d-alanine-d-lactate ligase from Enterococcus faecium BM4147 is directly responsible for the biosynthesis of alternate cell-wall precursors in bacteria, which are resistant to the glycopeptide antibiotic vancomycin. The crystal structure has been determined with data extending to 2.5-A resolution. This structure shows ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Roper DI,Huyton T,Vagin A,Dodson G

更新日期：2000-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Double fertilization is a key innovation for the evolutionary success of angiosperms by which the two fertilized female gametes, the egg cell and central cell, generate the embryo and endosperm, respectively. The female gametophyte (embryo sac) enclosed in the sporophyte is derived from a one-celled haploid cell linea...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Zhang MX,Zhu SS,Xu YC,Guo YL,Yang WC,Li HJ

更新日期：2020-03-17 00:00:00

abstract：:A reaction cycle for electron-transportdriven proton pumps is proposed. It includes two distinct conformational states of the pump protein in which the primary electron acceptor has different reduction potentials. This has as an unavoidable consequence that the steady-state rate equation for the catalytic reaction dri...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Brzezinski P,Malmström BG

更新日期：1986-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Game theory describes strategic interactions where success of players' actions depends on those of coplayers. In humans, substantial progress has been made at the neural level in characterizing the dopaminergic and frontostriatal mechanisms mediating such behavior. Here we combined computational modeling of strategic ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Set E,Saez I,Zhu L,Houser DE,Myung N,Zhong S,Ebstein RP,Chew SH,Hsu M

更新日期：2014-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Synthesis of the iron-storage protein ferritin is thought to be regulated at the translational level by the cytosolic content of chelatable iron. This response to iron is regulated by the iron-modulated binding to ferritin mRNAs of a repressor protein, the iron regulatory element-binding protein. From measurements mad...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Eisenstein RS,Garcia-Mayol D,Pettingell W,Munro HN

更新日期：1991-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Both plants and animals require the activity of proteins containing nucleotide binding (NB) domain and leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domains for proper immune system function. NB-LRR proteins in plants (NLR proteins in animals) also require conserved regulation via the proteins SGT1 and cytosolic HSP90. RAR1, a protein sp...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hubert DA,He Y,McNulty BC,Tornero P,Dangl JL

更新日期：2009-06-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Hox genes are located in highly conserved clusters. The significance of this organization is unclear, but one possibility is that regulatory regions for individual genes are dispersed throughout the cluster and shared with other Hox genes. This hypothesis is supported by studies on several Hox genes in which even larg...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bradshaw MS,Shashikant CS,Belting HG,Bollekens JA,Ruddle FH

更新日期：1996-03-19 00:00:00

abstract：:The POU-IV or "Brn-3" class of POU-domain transcription factors is represented in Drosophila by I-POU and twin-of-I-POU, alternative splice products of the I-POU gene. I-POU has been previously reported to inhibit DNA binding by the POU-III class factor drifter/Cf1a via the formation of heterodimeric complexes. Here w...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Turner EE

更新日期：1996-12-24 00:00:00

abstract：:Message passing is a fundamental technique for performing calculations on networks and graphs with applications in physics, computer science, statistics, and machine learning, including Bayesian inference, spin models, satisfiability, graph partitioning, network epidemiology, and the calculation of matrix eigenvalues....

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Cantwell GT,Newman MEJ

更新日期：2019-11-19 00:00:00

abstract：:The major obstacle to the study of functional/structural interrelationships of spinach chloroplasts by using spin labels has been the rapid loss of the electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) signals upon illumination with visible light. The present study demonstrates that the addition of ferredoxin and NADP+ in the pre...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Sun AS,Calvin M

更新日期：1975-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Undesired side products of DNA transfections are usually discarded. However, here, we show that such products may provide insight into mutational events that are also a major driving force in protein evolution. While studying the small heat-shock protein alphaA-crystallin, we transfected the hamster alphaA-crystallin ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： van Rijk AA,de Jong WW,Bloemendal H

更新日期：1999-07-06 00:00:00

abstract：:The influenza virus hemagglutinin polypeptides, HA1 and HA2, have been purified by gel filtration in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate from a vaccine preparation of the recombinant strain Heq1N2. Use of this technique for purification of the hemagglutinin polypeptides eliminated the need for proteolytic agents fo...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bucher DJ,Li SS,Kehoe JM,Kilbourne ED

更新日期：1976-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Natural-abundance (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of ten common nucleotides in neutral, aqueous solutions have been determined and interpreted. The spectra of two of these substances were also determined in acidic solutions, and several of the carbon chemical shifts were found to depend markedly on pH. Within...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Dorman DE,Roberts JD

更新日期：1970-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Genetic and taxonomic distances were computed for 3466 samples of human populations in Europe based on 97 allele frequencies and 10 cranial variables. Since the actual samples employed differed among the genetic systems studied, the genetic distances were computed separately for each system, as were matrices of geogra...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Sokal RR

更新日期：1988-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Under conditions (0.2% CO2; 1% O2) that allow high rates of photosynthesis, chlorophyll fluorescence was measured simultaneously with carbon assimilation at various light intensities in spinach (Spinacia oleracea) leaves. Using a stoichiometry of 3 ATP/CO2 and the known relationship between ATP synthesis rate and driv...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Schönknecht G,Neimanis S,Katona E,Gerst U,Heber U

更新日期：1995-12-19 00:00:00

abstract：:Embryogenesis requires the timely and coordinated activation of developmental regulators. It has been suggested that the recently discovered class of histone demethylases (UTX and JMJD3) that specifically target the repressive H3K27me3 modification play an important role in the activation of "bivalent" genes in respon...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Welstead GG,Creyghton MP,Bilodeau S,Cheng AW,Markoulaki S,Young RA,Jaenisch R

更新日期：2012-08-07 00:00:00

abstract：:Growth hormone receptor (GHR) has been demonstrated to be nuclear localized both in vivo and in vitro, but the significance of this observation has remained elusive. Here we show that nuclear GHR is strongly correlated with proliferative status in vivo by using a liver regeneration model. In vitro, nuclear translocati...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Conway-Campbell BL,Wooh JW,Brooks AJ,Gordon D,Brown RJ,Lichanska AM,Chin HS,Barton CL,Boyle GM,Parsons PG,Jans DA,Waters MJ

更新日期：2007-08-14 00:00:00

abstract：:West Nile virus, which is transmitted by Culex mosquitoes while feeding on birds and humans, has emerged as the dominant vector borne disease in North America. We have identified natural compounds from humans and birds, which are detected with extreme sensitivity by olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) on the antennae of...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Syed Z,Leal WS

更新日期：2009-11-03 00:00:00

abstract：:Previous work showed that cultured human pancreatic cancer cells overexpress the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor. In the present study, we sought to determine whether some of these cell lines produce transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-alpha). Utilizing a radiolabeled TGF-alpha cDNA in hybridization experimen...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Smith JJ,Derynck R,Korc M

更新日期：1987-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We examined the MLL genomic translocation breakpoint in acute myeloid leukemia of infant twins. Southern blot analysis in both cases showed two identical MLL gene rearrangements indicating chromosomal translocation. The rearrangements were detectable in the second twin before signs of clinical disease and the intensit...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Megonigal MD,Rappaport EF,Jones DH,Williams TM,Lovett BD,Kelly KM,Lerou PH,Moulton T,Budarf ML,Felix CA

更新日期：1998-05-26 00:00:00

abstract：:Cyclodextrins are cyclic oligosaccharides widely used in the pharmaceutical industry to improve drug delivery and to increase the solubility of hydrophobic compounds. Anabaenolysins are lipopeptides produced by cyanobacteria with potent lytic activity in cholesterol-containing membranes. Here, we identified the 23- to...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Shishido TK,Jokela J,Kolehmainen CT,Fewer DP,Wahlsten M,Wang H,Rouhiainen L,Rizzi E,De Bellis G,Permi P,Sivonen K

更新日期：2015-11-03 00:00:00

abstract：:Cyclic GMP (cGMP) is an important second messenger in eukaryotes. It is formed by guanylyl cyclases (GCs), members of the nucleotidyl cyclases class III, which also comprises adenylyl cyclases (ACs) from most organisms. To date, no structures of eukaryotic GCs are available, and all bacterial class III proteins were f...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Rauch A,Leipelt M,Russwurm M,Steegborn C

更新日期：2008-10-14 00:00:00

abstract：:In this paper, we introduce a method to account for the shape of the potential energy curve in the evaluation of conformational free energies. The method is based on a procedure that generates a set of conformations, each with its own force-field energy, but adds a term to this energy that favors conformations that ar...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Xiang Z,Soto CS,Honig B

更新日期：2002-05-28 00:00:00

abstract：:All available complete mitochondrial genomes (21 species) are evaluated for dinucleotide over- and under-representation. The CpG dinucleotide is pervasively under-represented in all animal mitochondria, but it is of variable relative abundance in fungal, protist, and plant mitochondrial genomes. Interpretations and hy...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Cardon LR,Burge C,Clayton DA,Karlin S

更新日期：1994-04-26 00:00:00

abstract：:Hox genes are conserved transcription factor-encoding genes that specify the identity of body regions in bilaterally symmetrical animals. In the cricket Gryllus bimaculatus, a member of the hemimetabolous insect group Orthoptera, the induction of a subset of mesodermal cells to form the primordial germ cells (PGCs) is...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Barnett AA,Nakamura T,Extavour CG

更新日期：2019-08-13 00:00:00

abstract：:In recent years, the field of psychology has begun to conduct replication tests on a large scale. Here, we show that "replicator degrees of freedom" make it far too easy to obtain and publish false-negative replication results, even while appearing to adhere to strict methodological standards. Specifically, using data...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bryan CJ,Yeager DS,O'Brien JM

更新日期：2019-12-17 00:00:00

abstract：:The Escherichia coli gene encoding protein n' has been isolated and named priA for primosomal protein A. Protein n' is absolutely required for the conversion of single-stranded phi X174 DNA to the duplex replicative form in an in vitro-reconstituted system. The gene maps to 88.7 minutes on the chromosome adjacent to t...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lee EH,Masai H,Allen GC Jr,Kornberg A

更新日期：1990-06-01 00:00:00