Pervasive CpG suppression in animal mitochondrial genomes.

abstract：:The deduced amino acid sequence of two members of the signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) family from the mouse are described. Comparison with the deduced protein sequence of the two previously described genes (Stat91 and Stat113), discovered because of their activation as transcription factors a...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Zhong Z,Wen Z,Darnell JE Jr

更新日期：1994-05-24 00:00:00

abstract：:Canonical Wnt signaling plays an important role in development and disease, regulating transcription of target genes and stabilizing many proteins phosphorylated by glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3). We observed that the MiT family of transcription factors, which includes the melanoma oncogene MITF (micropthalmia-asso...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ploper D,Taelman VF,Robert L,Perez BS,Titz B,Chen HW,Graeber TG,von Euw E,Ribas A,De Robertis EM

更新日期：2015-02-03 00:00:00

abstract：:The pyridoxal phosphate-dependent enzyme, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase (ACS; EC 4.4.1.14), catalyzes the rate-limiting step in the ethylene biosynthetic pathway in plants. The Arabidopsis genome encodes nine ACS polypeptides that form eight functional (ACS2, ACS4-9, ACS11) and one nonfunctional (ACS1) ho...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Tsuchisaka A,Theologis A

更新日期：2004-02-24 00:00:00

abstract：:The complex cooperative behavior exhibited by wild chimpanzees generates considerable theoretical and empirical interest, yet we know very little about the mechanisms responsible for its evolution. Here, we investigate the influence of kinship on the cooperative behavior of male chimpanzees living in an unusually larg...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Langergraber KE,Mitani JC,Vigilant L

更新日期：2007-05-08 00:00:00

abstract：:It has recently been recognized that human serum contains a protein that specifically binds human growth hormone (hGH). This protein has the same restricted specificity for hGH as the membrane-bound GH receptor. To determine whether the GH-binding protein is a derivative of, or otherwise related to, the GH receptor, w...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Daughaday WH,Trivedi B

更新日期：1987-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Studies of phage lambda in vivo have indicated that its own recombination enzymes, beta protein and lambda exonuclease, are capable of catalyzing two dissimilar pathways of homologous recombination that are widely distributed in nature: single-strand annealing and strand invasion. The former is an enzymatic splicing o...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Rybalchenko N,Golub EI,Bi B,Radding CM

更新日期：2004-12-07 00:00:00

abstract：:By combining the pairwise interactions between proteins, as predicted by the conserved co-occurrence of their genes in operons, we obtain protein interaction networks. Here we study the properties of such networks to identify functional modules: sets of proteins that together are involved in a biological process. The ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Snel B,Bork P,Huynen MA

更新日期：2002-04-30 00:00:00

abstract：:A primary method for studying cellular function is to examine cell morphology after a given manipulation. Fluorescent markers attached to proteins/intracellular structures of interest in conjunction with 3D fluorescent microscopy are frequently exploited for functional analysis. Despite the central role of morphology ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Duong T,Goud B,Schauer K

更新日期：2012-05-29 00:00:00

abstract：:Coherent oscillations in the theta-to-gamma frequency range have been proposed as a mechanism that coordinates neural activity in large-scale cortical networks in sensory, motor, and cognitive tasks. Whether this mechanism also involves coherent oscillations at delta frequencies (1-4 Hz) is not known. Rather, delta os...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Nácher V,Ledberg A,Deco G,Romo R

更新日期：2013-09-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Negative elongation factor (NELF) and 5,6-dichloro-1-beta-D-ribofuranosylbenzimidazole sensitivity-inducing factor (DSIF) are involved in pausing RNA Polymerase II (Pol II) in the promoter-proximal region of the hsp70 gene in Drosophila, before heat shock induction. Such blocks in elongation are widespread in the Dros...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Missra A,Gilmour DS

更新日期：2010-06-22 00:00:00

abstract：:The techniques of in vivo magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and spectroscopy have been established over the past two decades. Recent applications of these methods to study human brain function have become a rapidly growing area of research. The development of methods using standard MR contrast agents within the cerebral...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Shulman RG,Blamire AM,Rothman DL,McCarthy G

更新日期：1993-04-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The principal methyl donor of the cell, S-adenosylmethionine (SAMe), is produced by the highly conserved family of methionine adenosyltranferases (MATs) via an ATP-driven process. These enzymes play an important role in the preservation of life, and their dysregulation has been tightly linked to liver and colon cancer...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Murray B,Antonyuk SV,Marina A,Lu SC,Mato JM,Hasnain SS,Rojas AL

更新日期：2016-02-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Using the Luria-Delbrück fluctuation analysis, we have examined the lung tumor-forming ability of a series of parallel clones derived from the KHT tumor, grown to small defined sizes. From these studies, we conclude that metastatic variants arise spontaneously in the clonal lines during their growth, at an apparent ra...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Harris JF,Chambers AF,Hill RP,Ling V

更新日期：1982-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) glutamate receptor-mediated increases in intracellular calcium are thought to play a critical role in synaptic plasticity. The mechanisms by which changes in cytoplasmic calcium transmit the glutamate signal to the nucleus, which is ultimately important for long-lasting neuronal responses, ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Yun HY,Gonzalez-Zulueta M,Dawson VL,Dawson TM

更新日期：1998-05-12 00:00:00

abstract：:Therapeutic mAbs must not only bind to their target but must also be free from "developability issues" such as poor stability or high levels of aggregation. While small-molecule drug discovery benefits from Lipinski's rule of five to guide the selection of molecules with appropriate biophysical properties, there is cu...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Raybould MIJ,Marks C,Krawczyk K,Taddese B,Nowak J,Lewis AP,Bujotzek A,Shi J,Deane CM

更新日期：2019-03-05 00:00:00

abstract：:G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are seven-transmembrane proteins that transmit diverse extracellular signals across a membrane. Herpesvirus genomes encode multiple GPCRs implicated in viral pathogenesis. Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus GPCR (kGPCR) activates proliferative pathways and, when expressed in endo...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wang Y,Lu X,Zhu L,Shen Y,Chengedza S,Feng H,Wang L,Jung JU,Gutkind JS,Feng P

更新日期：2013-07-02 00:00:00

abstract：:Pith parenchyma cells store water in various plant organs. These cells are especially important for producing sugar and ethanol from the sugar juice of grass stems. In many plants, the death of pith parenchyma cells reduces their stem water content. Previous studies proposed that a hypothetical D gene might be respons...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Fujimoto M,Sazuka T,Oda Y,Kawahigashi H,Wu J,Takanashi H,Ohnishi T,Yoneda JI,Ishimori M,Kajiya-Kanegae H,Hibara KI,Ishizuna F,Ebine K,Ueda T,Tokunaga T,Iwata H,Matsumoto T,Kasuga S,Yonemaru JI,Tsutsumi N

更新日期：2018-09-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Systemic delivery of bioactive molecules in the CNS is hampered by the blood-brain barrier, which has bottlenecked noninvasive physiological study of the brain and the development of CNS drugs. Here we report that irradiation with an ultrashort pulsed laser to the blood vessel wall induces transient leakage of blood p...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Choi M,Ku T,Chong K,Yoon J,Choi C

更新日期：2011-05-31 00:00:00

abstract：:MuB is an ATP-dependent nonspecific DNA-binding protein that regulates the activity of the MuA transposase and captures target DNA for transposition. Mechanistic understanding of MuB function has previously been hindered by MuB's poor solubility. Here we combine bioinformatic, mutagenic, biochemical, and electron micr...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Mizuno N,Dramićanin M,Mizuuchi M,Adam J,Wang Y,Han YW,Yang W,Steven AC,Mizuuchi K,Ramón-Maiques S

更新日期：2013-07-02 00:00:00

abstract：:The effects of calcium ion on the Na+ activation gate were studied in squid giant axons. Saxitoxin (STX) was used to block ion entry into Na+ channels without hindering access to the membrane surface, making it possible to distinguish surface effects of calcium from pore-occupancy effects. In the presence of STX, gati...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Armstrong CM

更新日期：1999-03-30 00:00:00

abstract：:We develop a theoretical description of sperm chemotaxis. Sperm cells of many species are guided to the egg by chemoattractants, a process called chemotaxis. Motor proteins in the flagellum of the sperm generate a regular beat of the flagellum, which propels the sperm in a fluid. In the absence of a chemoattractant, s...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Friedrich BM,Jülicher F

更新日期：2007-08-14 00:00:00

abstract：:The cellular replicative DNA polymerases cannot initiate DNA synthesis without a priming 3' OH. During DNA replication, this is supplied in the context of a short RNA primer molecule synthesized by DNA primase. The primase of archaea and eukaryotes, despite having varying subunit compositions, share sequence and struc...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Yan J,Holzer S,Pellegrini L,Bell SD

更新日期：2018-06-26 00:00:00

abstract：:This paper reviews food (especially cereal) production trends and prospects for the world and its main regions. Despite fears to the contrary, in recent years we have seen continued progress toward better methods of feeding humanity. Sub-Saharan Africa is the sole major exception. Looking to the future, this paper arg...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Dyson T

更新日期：1999-05-25 00:00:00

abstract：:cDNA clones encoding a glutamic acid-rich protein were isolated from a bovine retina cDNA expression library. The cDNA sequence contained an open reading frame of 1770 base pairs encoding a protein of 590 amino acids (64,509 Da) and untranslated regions of 60 and 490 base pairs at the 5' and 3' ends, respectively. The...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Sugimoto Y,Yatsunami K,Tsujimoto M,Khorana HG,Ichikawa A

更新日期：1991-04-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Fanconi anemia (FA) is caused by defects in cellular responses to DNA crosslinking damage and replication stress. Given the constant occurrence of endogenous DNA damage and replication fork stress, it is unclear why complete deletion of FA genes does not have a major impact on cell proliferation and germ-line FA patie...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wang R,Lenoir WF,Wang C,Su D,McLaughlin M,Hu Q,Shen X,Tian Y,Klages-Mundt N,Lynn E,Wood RD,Chen J,Hart T,Li L

更新日期：2020-12-29 00:00:00

abstract：:After collision with their host cells, virus particles may remain mobile on cell surfaces until they become attached at firm binding sites. We propose that a virion will arrive within a typical median time at such a site, generating a membrane signal such as an increased membrane fluorescence in cells labeled with the...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bayer ME,Bayer MH

更新日期：1981-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Access to robust and information-rich human cardiac tissue models would accelerate drug-based strategies for treating heart disease. Despite significant effort, the generation of high-fidelity adult-like human cardiac tissue analogs remains challenging. We used computational modeling of tissue contraction and assembly...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Thavandiran N,Dubois N,Mikryukov A,Massé S,Beca B,Simmons CA,Deshpande VS,McGarry JP,Chen CS,Nanthakumar K,Keller GM,Radisic M,Zandstra PW

更新日期：2013-12-03 00:00:00

abstract：:The internal promoter of the Xenopus laevis oocyte-type 5S RNA gene is preferentially cleaved by S1 and Bal-31 nucleases in plasmid DNA. S1 nuclease sensitivity is largely dependent on supercoiling; however, Bal-31 cleaves within the 5S RNA gene in linear as well as in supercoiled DNA. The S1 nuclease-hypersensitive s...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Reynolds WF,Gottesfeld JM

更新日期：1985-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We have previously shown that nuclear transcripts of the multifunctional enzyme, carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase, aspartate transcarbamylase, dihydroorotase RNA can be released from nuclei of Syrian hamster cells as compact ribonucleoprotein (RNP) particles that sediment at the 200S region in a sucrose gradient. The 20...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Spann P,Feinerman M,Sperling J,Sperling R

更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The importance of receptor binding in the potent immunogenicity of Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin B subunit (EtxB) was tested by comparing its immunogical properties with those of a receptor binding mutant, EtxB(G33D). Subcutaneous immunization of EtxB(G33D) resulted in 160-fold reduction in antibody titer c...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Nashar TO,Webb HM,Eaglestone S,Williams NA,Hirst TR

更新日期：1996-01-09 00:00:00