Abstract:
:The period covered by this update can be considered as the most exciting period in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) research. It started with the identification of genetic variants that are associated with IPF in the majority of patients and continued with discovery of molecular and genetic biomarkers that predict distinct clinical presentations of patients with IPF and potential new biological mechanisms. More importantly, the period ends with the publication of two groundbreaking studies that confirmed that two drugs, pirfenidone and nintedanib, slowed disease progression, leading to a historic approval by the FDA. In this update, we describe these key advances, their scientific and significant clinical implications, and future directions.
journal_name
Am J Respir Crit Care Medauthors
Rosas IO,Kaminski Ndoi
10.1164/rccm.201405-0856UPsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2015-02-01 00:00:00pages
270-4issue
3eissn
1073-449Xissn
1535-4970journal_volume
191pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Early experience suggests that lung volume reduction surgery improves exercise tolerance as measured by the 6-min walk distance in patients with emphysema. To identify the physiologic mechanism(s) by which lung volume reduction surgery improved exercise, we performed progressive cardiopulmonary exercise testing, inclu...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.156.2.9611032
更新日期:1997-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) has been shown to be very prevalent in the elderly, little has been done to examine differences between the elderly of different racial groups. It has been well documented that SDB often results in hypertension and that hypertension is more common in African-Americans than in ...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.152.6.8520760
更新日期:1995-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Currently the diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) requires the demonstration of airflow limitation, defined as a post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC <0.7, a measurement that remains methodologically robust and widely available. FEV1 is one of the most powerful predictors of clinically relevant outcomes ...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.202008-3328PP
更新日期:2020-11-19 00:00:00
abstract::Allergen-induced bronchoconstriction involves mast cell activation. Tryptase is a mast cell serine protease that is released during this process, but little is known about the action of tryptase in the airway. The purpose of this study was to determine: (1) if aerosolized tryptase causes bronchoconstriction, and (2) t...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.154.3.8810600
更新日期:1996-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::We review recent advances in the use of corticosteroids (CS) in pediatric lung disease. CS are frequently used, systemically or by inhalation. Their mechanisms of action in pulmonary diseases are ill defined. CS exert direct inhibitory effects on many inflammatory cells through genomic mechanisms. There is a time lag ...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1164/rccm.201107-1174CI
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Numerous in vitro and in vivo studies in both animals and patients with asthma have shown that interleukin (IL)-9 is an important inflammatory mediator in asthma. To examine the effects of IL-9 antagonism on airway inflammation, ovalbumin-sensitized BALB/c mice were intravenously given anti-IL-9 antibody or an isotype...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.2105079
更新日期:2002-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::During dynamic hyperinflation, the ventilatory pump is facing increased demand because it must overcome the intrinsic positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEPi) and decreased capacity since it must operate at a dynamically increased end-expiratory lung volume (EELV). The aim of this study was to evaluate the relative pr...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.156.2.9611073
更新日期:1997-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::It has been suggested that in patients with adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), intrinsic positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEPi) is generated by a disproportionate increase in expiratory flow resistance. Using the negative expiratory pressure (NEP) technique, we assessed whether expiratory flow limitation (E...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.161.5.9904109
更新日期:2000-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:The effect of early life wheezing on respiratory function and continued symptoms through adolescence has not been fully described. Using data from a population-based birth cohort in Tucson, Arizona, we previously described four phenotypes based on the occurrence of wheezing lower respiratory illnesses before ...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.200504-525OC
更新日期:2005-11-15 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:The mechanism by which acute allograft rejection leads to chronic rejection remains poorly understood despite its common occurrence. Exosomes, membrane vesicles released from cells within the lung allograft, contain a diverse array of biomolecules that closely reflect the biologic state of the cell and tissue...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.201503-0558OC
更新日期:2015-12-15 00:00:00
abstract::The intestinal immune system discriminates between potentially harmful and harmless foreign proteins. The basis for this differential response may be related to the conditions of antigen presentation by antigen-presenting cells, as determined by their phenotype or activation state. How these conditions affect specific...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.162.supplement_3.15tac7
更新日期:2000-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Acute lung injury (ALI) that develops 6 hours after transfusion (TRALI) is the leading cause of transfusion-related mortality. Several transfusion characteristics have been postulated as risk factors for TRALI, but the evidence is limited to retrospective studies. OBJECTIVES:To compare patient and transfusio...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.200702-271OC
更新日期:2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Immediate graft performance after lung transplantation is associated with short- and long-term clinical outcomes. However, the biologic mechanism that determines outcomes is not fully understood. OBJECTIVES:To investigate the impact of cell death signals at 24 and 48 hours after lung transplantation on short...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.201510-2115OC
更新日期:2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rationale: The bHLH (basic helix-loop-helix) transcription factor TWIST1 (Twist-related protein 1) controls cell proliferation and differentiation in tissue development and disease processes. Recently, endothelial TWIST1 has been linked to pulmonary hypertension (PH) and endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition, yet the ...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.201909-1884OC
更新日期:2020-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::To investigate whether the language of dyspnea provides relevant clinical information in addition to that provided by ratings of overall dyspnea intensity when assessing subjective response to therapy, we conducted a prospective study in a cohort of 25 patients with acute asthma presenting to the emergency department ...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.158.3.9707088
更新日期:1998-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with systemic hypertension. Either overnight intermittent hypoxia, or the recurrent arousals that occur in OSA, could cause the daytime increases in blood pressure (BP). OBJECTIVES:To establish the role of intermittent hypoxia in the increased morning BP in patient...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1164/rccm.201802-0240OC
更新日期:2019-01-15 00:00:00
abstract::The number of patients awaiting lung transplantation (LT) and waiting time for surgery is increasing. In Australia, LT rates are 4. 6/million population/yr, which despite low organ donation rates, are the highest published in the world. The Australian organ allocation system allows identification of marginal donors an...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.160.1.9811017
更新日期:1999-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:In 1989, the United States embarked upon an ambitious path to eliminate tuberculosis (TB) nationwide. Although incidence rates of TB disease in the United States are declining, these cases represent only a tiny fraction of all TB infections. Understanding national trends in TB infection may be important in an...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.200706-950OC
更新日期:2008-02-15 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:The rapid diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is difficult when acid fast bacilli (AFB) cannot be detected in sputum smears. OBJECTIVES:Following a proof of principle study, we examined in routine clinical practice whether individuals with sputum AFB smear-negative TB can be discriminated from those wit...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1164/rccm.200904-0557OC
更新日期:2009-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::At present there is some indirect evidence for increased nocturnal inflammation in patients suffering from nocturnal asthma: 1. Circulating eosinophil numbers and activation, as reflected by increased levels of ECP and EDN and low-density eosinophils, are increased at night. 2. Circulating histamine levels are increas...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1164/ajrccm/150.5_Pt_2.S83
更新日期:1994-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::There is a need for quick, reliable, and noninvasive lung function tests to assess airway obstruction in preschool children both for pediatric pulmonary care as well as for research purposes. We studied feasibility, reproducibility, and validity of measurements of the respiratory system using the interrupter technique...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.163.6.2005076
更新日期:2001-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:The use of high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) for acute respiratory failure in children is prevalent despite the lack of efficacy data. OBJECTIVES:To compare the outcomes of patients with acute respiratory failure managed with HFOV within 24-48 hours of endotracheal intubation with those receiving...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.201507-1381OC
更新日期:2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::We investigated whether exposure to ozone (O(3)) 24 hours after an allergen challenge test would increase airway eosinophilia induced by allergen in subjects with mild asthma with late airway response. Twelve subjects with mild atopic asthma participated in a randomized, single-blind study. Subjects underwent allergen...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1164/rccm.2201013
更新日期:2002-10-15 00:00:00
abstract::A continuously mixed series of microbial communities inhabits various points of the respiratory tract, with community composition determined by distance from colonization sources, colonization rates, and extinction rates. Ecology and evolution theory developed in the context of biogeography is relevant to clinical mic...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.201312-2129PP
更新日期:2014-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Despite extensive research into the etiology and treatment of severe sepsis, little is known about its epidemiology in children. We sought to determine the age- and sex-adjusted incidence, outcome, and associated hospital costs of severe sepsis in United States children using 1995 hospital discharge and population dat...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.200207-682OC
更新日期:2003-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Smoking is the major risk factor for chronic respiratory symptoms, but dietary factors may also play a role. Most studies of diet and lung disease have been cross-sectional and conducted in populations with a Western-style diet. We analyzed the relation between dietary intake at baseline and new onset of cough with ph...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.200306-789OC
更新日期:2004-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Inhibition of pharyngeal motoneurons accompanies REM sleep and is a cause of hypoventilation and obstructive sleep apnea in humans. One explanation posits that the neurotransmitters glycine and γ-aminobutyric acid are responsible for REM sleep motor inhibition. However, blockade of that mechanism at cranial m...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.201209-1654OC
更新日期:2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::To determine the incidence and 90-d mortality of acute respiratory failure (ARF), acute lung injury (ALI), and the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), we carried out an 8-wk prospective cohort study in Sweden, Denmark, and Iceland. All intensive care unit (ICU) admissions (n = 13,346) >/= 15 yr of age were ass...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.159.6.9808136
更新日期:1999-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cigarette smoking causes the development of chronic bronchitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. We hypothesized that exposure to cigarette smoke might initiate release of inflammatory mediators by bronchial epithelial cells. To evaluate this, the effect of cigarette smoke extract (CSE) on IL-8 release from c...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.155.5.9154890
更新日期:1997-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The role of strain difference in the response to cigarette smoke was investigated in mice. Mice of the strains DBA/2 and C57BL/6J responded to acute cigarette smoke with a decrease of the antioxidant defenses of their bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluids. On the other hand, under these conditions ICR mice increased the...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.164.5.2010032
更新日期:2001-09-01 00:00:00