Interrupter resistance in preschool children: measurement characteristics and reference values.

abstract：:alpha-Tocopherol is a potent antioxidant that effectively protects biological membranes against oxidative injury through coordination with ascorbic acid. Because propofol has a phenolic structure similar to that of alpha-tocopherol, this intravenous anesthetic may also have similar antioxidant activity. To test this h...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Tsuchiya M,Asada A,Kasahara E,Sato EF,Shindo M,Inoue M

更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The recruitment of leukocytes to an area of injury or inflammation site is one of the most fundamental host defenses. Pulmonary tuberculosis is characterized by granulomatous inflammation with an extensive infiltration of mononuclear cells. In tuberculous pleurisy pleural mesothelial cells are exposed to mycobacteria ...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Mohammed KA,Nasreen N,Ward MJ,Antony VB

更新日期：1999-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Rationale: Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) is associated with increased vascular resistance in children and adults. Persistent increased vascular resistance damages vascular endothelial cells-a marker of which is increased platelet activation.Objectives: This study compared whole-blood impedance platelet aggregation ...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Kontos A,Willoughby S,Lushington K,Martin J,Wabnitz D,Dorrian J,Kennedy D

更新日期：2020-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：RATIONALE:There is conflicting information about the development and resolution of airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) after repeated airway exposure to allergen in sensitized mice. METHODS:Sensitized BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice were exposed to repeated allergen challenge on 3, 7, or 11 occasions. Air...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Koya T,Kodama T,Takeda K,Miyahara N,Yang ES,Taube C,Joetham A,Park JW,Dakhama A,Gelfand EW

更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The aim of this study was to clarify the influence of gastroesophageal reflux (GER) on cough threshold in patients with digestive symptoms but free from respiratory involvement. Of 57 consecutive subjects referred for 24-h esophageal pH monitoring because of digestive reflux symptoms, 29 patients free from respiratory...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Ferrari M,Olivieri M,Sembenini C,Benini L,Zuccali V,Bardelli E,Bovo P,Cavallini G,Vantini I,Lo Cascio V

更新日期：1995-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：RATIONALE:The use of high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) for acute respiratory failure in children is prevalent despite the lack of efficacy data. OBJECTIVES:To compare the outcomes of patients with acute respiratory failure managed with HFOV within 24-48 hours of endotracheal intubation with those receiving...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Bateman ST,Borasino S,Asaro LA,Cheifetz IM,Diane S,Wypij D,Curley MA,RESTORE Study Investigators.

更新日期：2016-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：RATIONALE:In a pulmonary process characterized by spatially heterogeneous loss of aeration, the impairment of gas exchange is expected to depend on the regional distribution of perfusion relative to that of aeration. OBJECTIVES:To investigate how regional aeration, shunt, and perfusion are interrelated at different le...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Musch G,Bellani G,Vidal Melo MF,Harris RS,Winkler T,Schroeder T,Venegas JG

更新日期：2008-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：RATIONALE:Inflammation is now recognized as an integral part of the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In contrast to the sterile airways of normal lungs, bacterial pathogens are often isolated from the airways in stable COPD. This "colonization" of the tracheobronchial tree, currently believ...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Sethi S,Maloney J,Grove L,Wrona C,Berenson CS

更新日期：2006-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Nitric oxide (NO) produced in the airways can be either detrimental or protective to the host. To investigate the role of NO in the pathogenesis of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB), we measured exhaled NO (ENO) after exercise challenge in 39 asthmatic and six normal children. FEV(1) and ENO were measured bef...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Terada A,Fujisawa T,Togashi K,Miyazaki T,Katsumata H,Atsuta J,Iguchi K,Kamiya H,Togari H

更新日期：2001-11-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Cilomilast (Ariflo), a new oral phosphodiesterase-4 selective inhibitor, improves lung function in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We have evaluated its antiinflammatory effects in 59 patients with COPD randomized to receive cilomilast, 15 mg two times a day, or placebo for 12 weeks. Induced sputum diffe...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Gamble E,Grootendorst DC,Brightling CE,Troy S,Qiu Y,Zhu J,Parker D,Matin D,Majumdar S,Vignola AM,Kroegel C,Morell F,Hansel TT,Rennard SI,Compton C,Amit O,Tat T,Edelson J,Pavord ID,Rabe KF,Barnes NC,Jeffery PK

更新日期：2003-10-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is known to induce the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in the lung and to lead to increased pulmonary nitric oxide (NO) production. The contribution of various pulmonary cells to this phenomenon remains unclear. In this study, we used gadolinium chloride, a block...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Fujii Y,Goldberg P,Hussain SN

更新日期：1998-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We have investigated the efficacy of a clarithromycin-containing four-drug regimen for Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) pulmonary disease in 46 patients without acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The patients were 14 males and 32 females with a mean age of 60.9 +/- 11.5 yr. Patients received 10 mg/kg/d of cla...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Tanaka E,Kimoto T,Tsuyuguchi K,Watanabe I,Matsumoto H,Niimi A,Suzuki K,Murayama T,Amitani R,Kuze F

更新日期：1999-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Despite several codes of research ethics, the issuance of comprehensive rules regarding informed consent by governmental agencies, and numerous writings on the subject of informed consent, many commentators still question the quality of the informed consent process in clinical research. A major concern is that investi...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Silverman HJ

更新日期：1996-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The early stage of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is thought to involve a smaller number of alveoli and to be characterized predominantly by cellularity and minimal fibrosis, whereas advanced disease involves a large number of alveoli and is characterized predominantly by fibrosis with minimal cellularity. In add...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Cherniack RM,Colby TV,Flint A,Thurlbeck WM,Waldron JA Jr,Ackerson L,Schwarz MI,King TE Jr

更新日期：1995-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：RATIONALE:There is consensus on the need to address social determinants of tuberculosis (TB) to achieve TB control, but evidence based on interventions is lacking. OBJECTIVES:We reanalyzed data from the sociomedical experiment performed at the Papworth Village Settlement in England, where the impact of stable employme...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Bhargava A,Pai M,Bhargava M,Marais BJ,Menzies D

更新日期：2012-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a syndrome of chronic wasting, in part associated with a chronic inflammatory response. The aim of this study was to investigate cross-sectionally and prospectively the potential role of leptin in relation to systemic inflammation in the regulation of the energy balance ...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Schols AM,Creutzberg EC,Buurman WA,Campfield LA,Saris WH,Wouters EF

更新日期：1999-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：RATIONALE:Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) is a highly prevalent condition with unclear pathogenesis. Two competing theories of the pathogenesis of EIB differ regarding the inflammatory basis of this condition. OBJECTIVES:Our goals were to establish whether epithelial cell and mast cell activation with relea...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Hallstrand TS,Moody MW,Wurfel MM,Schwartz LB,Henderson WR Jr,Aitken ML

更新日期：2005-09-15 00:00:00

abstract：RATIONALE:Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is increasingly recognized as a multicomponent disease with systemic consequences and effects on quality of life. Single measures such as lung function provide a limited reflection of how the disease affects patients. Composite measures have the potential to accoun...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Jones RC,Donaldson GC,Chavannes NH,Kida K,Dickson-Spillmann M,Harding S,Wedzicha JA,Price D,Hyland ME

更新日期：2009-12-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) is a growth factor that is implicated in fibrosis of many organs. The purpose of this study was to determine the sequential levels of TGF-beta1 in the pleural fluid of rabbits that had undergone empyema induction, as fibrosis of the pleural space develops. Thirty-seven rabb...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Sasse SA,Jadus MR,Kukes GD

更新日期：2003-09-15 00:00:00

abstract：RATIONALE:Allergic asthma is characterized by reversible airway obstruction, lung inflammation, and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR). Previous studies using leukotriene B(4) (LTB(4)) receptor 1-deficient mice and adoptive transfer experiments have suggested that LTB(4) plays a role in lung inflammation and AHR. OBJECT...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Rao NL,Riley JP,Banie H,Xue X,Sun B,Crawford S,Lundeen KA,Yu F,Karlsson L,Fourie AM,Dunford PJ

更新日期：2010-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：RATIONALE:Donor mesenchymal stromal/stem cell (MSC) expansion and fibrotic differentiation is associated with development of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) in human lung allografts. However, the regulators of fibrotic differentiation of these resident mesenchymal cells are not well understood. OBJECTIVES:This...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Walker NM,Badri LN,Wadhwa A,Wettlaufer S,Peters-Golden M,Lama VN

更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We used various ovalbumin sensitization and challenge protocols to determine the importance of the route of allergen administration and the genetic background in modulating the physiologic, inflammatory, and immunologic features characteristic of allergen-induced asthma. In BALB/c mice, induction of maximal airway hyp...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Zhang Y,Lamm WJ,Albert RK,Chi EY,Henderson WR Jr,Lewis DB

更新日期：1997-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cigarette smoking causes the development of chronic bronchitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. We hypothesized that exposure to cigarette smoke might initiate release of inflammatory mediators by bronchial epithelial cells. To evaluate this, the effect of cigarette smoke extract (CSE) on IL-8 release from c...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Mio T,Romberger DJ,Thompson AB,Robbins RA,Heires A,Rennard SI

更新日期：1997-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We tested the hypothesis that continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) use and outcomes can be improved by an autotitrating CPAP device in patients with obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) who require higher CPAP (10 cm H2O or more). In this multisite randomized single-blind cross-over study, 44 patien...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Massie CA,McArdle N,Hart RW,Schmidt-Nowara WW,Lankford A,Hudgel DW,Gordon N,Douglas NJ

更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We measured the plasma levels of adrenomedullin (AM), a novel vasodilating peptide, in 89 patients with various forms of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and 13 healthy volunteers serving as controls. Plasma levels of AM in SIRS (burns: 20.5 +/- 3. 2 fmol/ml [mean +/- SEM]; pancreatitis: 13.8 +/- 3.8 fmo...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Ueda S,Nishio K,Minamino N,Kubo A,Akai Y,Kangawa K,Matsuo H,Fujimura Y,Yoshioka A,Masui K,Doi N,Murao Y,Miyamoto S

更新日期：1999-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Brush cells, also termed tuft, caveolated, multivesicular, and fibrillovesicular cells, are part of the epithelial layer in the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts. The cells are characterized by the presence of a tuft of blunt, squat microvilli (approximately 120-140/cell) on the cell surface. The microvilli cont...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Reid L,Meyrick B,Antony VB,Chang LY,Crapo JD,Reynolds HY

更新日期：2005-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Although the incidence of pulmonary hypertension is higher in female patients, numerous experimental studies have demonstrated better outcome in female animals, exacerbation of the disease after ovariectomy, and a strong protective effect of estrogen: a phenomenon known as the "estrogen paradox" of pulmonary hypertens...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Umar S,Rabinovitch M,Eghbali M

更新日期：2012-07-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Central airway obstruction is a problem facing all medical and surgical subspecialists caring for patients with chest diseases. The incidence of this disorder appears to be rising because of the epidemic of lung cancer; however, benign causes of central airway obstruction are being seen more frequently as well. The mo...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Ernst A,Feller-Kopman D,Becker HD,Mehta AC

更新日期：2004-06-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Although hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) can be curative in patients with certain malignancies, survival is poor if the recipient becomes critically ill. This prospective study examined the outcomes of 115 consecutive HSCT patients admitted to the medical intensive care unit (MICU) of a tertiary cancer ...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Price KJ,Thall PF,Kish SK,Shannon VR,Andersson BS

更新日期：1998-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A major cause of morbidity and mortality following lung transplantation is posttransplant lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD). In a retrospective cohort analysis of pediatric patients, we evaluated the risk factors associated with PTLD in 128 first-time lung transplant recipients from 1990 to 1997. The greatest risk fa...

journal_title：American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

authors： Cohen AH,Sweet SC,Mendeloff E,Mallory GB Jr,Huddleston CB,Kraus M,Kelly M,Hayashi R,DeBaun MR

更新日期：2000-04-01 00:00:00