Abstract:
RATIONALE:There is consensus on the need to address social determinants of tuberculosis (TB) to achieve TB control, but evidence based on interventions is lacking. OBJECTIVES:We reanalyzed data from the sociomedical experiment performed at the Papworth Village Settlement in England, where the impact of stable employment and adequate housing and nutrition on the incidence of TB infection and disease in children living with parents with active TB was documented during 1918-1943. METHODS:Information on 315 children of patients, who lived at Papworth, was abstracted from a published monograph. Overall and age-specific occurrence of TB infection, disease, and deaths among children born in the settlement (village-born cohort) were compared with those of children born outside and admitted later (admitted cohort) to Papworth. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:The annual risks of infection in the village-born and admitted cohorts were 20 and 24%, respectively. Of 24 children who developed TB disease, only one was village-born. Among children 5 years of age or less, there was zero incidence of TB in the village-born, compared with five cases (1,217/100,000 person-years) among children born outside Papworth. In the admitted cohort, among children 13 years of age and older, the incidence of TB before admission to Papworth was 5,263/100,000 person-years, whereas it was 341/100,000 person-years while living in Papworth. CONCLUSIONS:At Papworth social interventions including adequate nutrition did not reduce TB transmission but did reduce the incidence of TB disease in children living with parents with active TB. These results are relevant today for prevention of TB in children of patients with active TB, particularly with multidrug-resistant TB in high-burden settings.
journal_name
Am J Respir Crit Care Medauthors
Bhargava A,Pai M,Bhargava M,Marais BJ,Menzies Ddoi
10.1164/rccm.201201-0023OCsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2012-09-01 00:00:00pages
442-9issue
5eissn
1073-449Xissn
1535-4970pii
rccm.201201-0023OCjournal_volume
186pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Alveolar macrophages (AMs) are considered major effector cells in host defense against respiratory tract infections by virtue of their potent phagocytic properties. In addition, AMs may regulate the host inflammatory response to infection by production of cytokines and by their capacity to phagocytose apoptotic polymo...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.200207-698OC
更新日期:2003-01-15 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To assess the reliability and the minimal clinically important differences (MCID) for FVC% predicted in the Scleroderma Lung Study I and II. METHODS:Using data from SLS I and II (N=300), we evaluated the test-retest reliability for FVC% predicted (FVC%; screening vs. baseline) using intra-class correlation ...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.201709-1845OC
更新日期:2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rationale: Recent studies have demonstrated that extracellular vesicles (EVs) released during acute lung injury (ALI) were inflammatory.Objectives: The current study was undertaken to test the role of EVs induced and released from severe Escherichia coli pneumonia (E. coli EVs) in the pathogenesis of ALI and to determ...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.201812-2296OC
更新日期:2019-11-15 00:00:00
abstract::Great emphasis is placed on educating asthmatics to use action plans to achieve better control of symptoms. The use of peak flow meters (PFM) has been recommended as an important part of self-management plans. We studied 92 (47 F) adult patients with asthma in a primary care setting to compare the effectiveness of act...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.157.2.9703060
更新日期:1998-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Tissue injury and repair involve highly conserved processes governed by mechanisms that can be co-opted in tumors. We hypothesized that soluble factors released during the repair response to lung injury would promote orthotopic tumor growth. OBJECTIVES:To determine whether lung injury promoted growth of orth...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.201001-0120OC
更新日期:2010-10-15 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Airway remodeling is an important feature of chronic asthma that causes irreversible airflow obstruction. Although asthma is considered to be a Th2 disease, the role of T-bet and GATA-3, the key transcription factors for differentiation toward Th1 and Th2 cells, in the pathogenesis of airway remodeling is poo...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.200601-079OC
更新日期:2006-07-15 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Measurements of upper airway size and shape are important in investigating the pathophysiology of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and in devising, applying, and determining the effectiveness of treatment modalities. We describe an endoscopic optical technique (anatomic optical coherence tomography, aOCT) that ...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.200507-1148OC
更新日期:2006-01-15 00:00:00
abstract::The predisposing factors and complications of unplanned extubation (UEX) in mechanically ventilated adult patients are not well recognized. We designed a prospective multicenter observational study to identify risk factors and describe the complications of UEX. We followed 426 ventilated patients over a 2-mo period. C...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.157.4.9702083
更新日期:1998-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:The effect of early life wheezing on respiratory function and continued symptoms through adolescence has not been fully described. Using data from a population-based birth cohort in Tucson, Arizona, we previously described four phenotypes based on the occurrence of wheezing lower respiratory illnesses before ...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.200504-525OC
更新日期:2005-11-15 00:00:00
abstract::The stimuli controlling pharyngeal dilator muscles are poorly defined. Local mechanoreceptors are a leading possibility. To address this, we assessed the relationship between two dilator muscle electromyograms (EMGs, i.e., genioglossus [GG-an inspiratory phasic muscle], tensor palatini [TP-a tonically active muscle]) ...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.162.3.9912067
更新日期:2000-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The role of immunoglobulin E (IgE) in the development and course of impaired ventilatory function and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) required further study. This role has been examined in the longitudinal Tucson Epidemiological Study of Airways Obstructive Disease, which started in 1972. The association ...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.152.1.7599870
更新日期:1995-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The human pleural space is lined by a single layer of mesothelial cells, the intracellular pH (pH(i)) of which has never been investigated. In the present study, the intrinsic buffering power of H+ ions (beta(i)) and the pH(i) regulatory systems were investigated in primary cultures of human pleural mesothelial cells ...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.155.2.9032200
更新日期:1997-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Partial liquid ventilation (PLV) has been shown to be an effective means of improving oxygenation in the injured lung. However, little is known about how approach to ventilation during PLV affects gas exchange and pulmonary mechanics. We hypothesized that gas exchange and pulmonary mechanics would be best with positiv...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.159.4.9711021
更新日期:1999-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Chronic exposure to indoor nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is a public health concern. Over half of U.S. households have a source of NO2, and experimental data suggest potential for adverse respiratory effects. OBJECTIVE:To examine associations of indoor NO2 exposure with respiratory symptoms among children with asth...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.200408-1123OC
更新日期:2006-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The exact influence of sleep-related breathing disorder (SRBD) on blood pressure control remains unknown. We investigated the influence of different degrees of SRBD on daytime blood pressure and its association to documented hypertension by examining 1,190 consecutive patients referred for diagnosis of SRBD. The proto...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.160.6.9811054
更新日期:1999-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Th2 cytokines play an important role in allergic diseases. These cytokines activate signal transduction pathways, including Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signaling. Although the suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) family protein, a negative regulator of the Janus kin...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.200806-992OC
更新日期:2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Although current resuscitation guidelines are rescuer focused, the opportunity exists to develop patient-centered resuscitation strategies that optimize the hemodynamic response of the individual in the hopes to improve survival. OBJECTIVES:To determine if titrating cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) to blo...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.201407-1343OC
更新日期:2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Acute respiratory distress syndrome is refractory to pharmacological intervention. Inappropriate activation of alveolar neutrophils is believed to underpin this disease's complex pathophysiology, yet these cells have been little studied. OBJECTIVES:To examine the functional and transcriptional profiles of pa...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.201509-1818OC
更新日期:2016-10-15 00:00:00
abstract::Although overproduction of proinflammatory 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO)-derived leukotrienes (LTs) has been demonstrated in the lungs of patients with pulmonary fibrosis, their causal involvement in this condition has not been established. Bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis was studied in mice rendered LT deficient by knoc...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.165.2.2104050
更新日期:2002-01-15 00:00:00
abstract::Recent studies suggest that a nitric oxide (NO) deficiency and elevated arginase activity may play a role in the pathogenesis of asthma. Although much attention has been directed toward measurements of exhaled NO in asthma, no studies to date have evaluated levels of plasma arginase or arginine, the substrate for NO p...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.200309-1304OC
更新日期:2004-07-15 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Protein kinase C zeta (PKCζ) has been reported to act as a tumor suppressor. Deletion of PKCζ in experimental cancer models has been shown to increase tumor growth. However, the mechanisms of PKCζ down-regulation in cancerous cells have not been previously described. OBJECTIVES:To determine the molecular mec...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.201403-0463OC
更新日期:2014-09-15 00:00:00
abstract::Acute lung injury was produced in C57BL/6 mice by the intratracheal (i.t.) administration of bleomycin (BLM). Following injection of 0.1 U BLM, CD3+ lymphocytes and the production of the T-helper-1 (Th1) lymphokines interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) were increased in lung and lymph nodes. The produ...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.154.1.8680680
更新日期:1996-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rapid and selective recruitment of neutrophils into the airspace in response to LPS facilitates the clearance of bacterial pathogens. However, neutrophil infiltration can also participate in the development and progression of environmental airway disease. Previous data have revealed that Toll-like receptor 4 (tlr4) is...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.200407-953OC
更新日期:2005-04-15 00:00:00
abstract::We examined the influence of gender on the polysomnographic features of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in a retrospective study of 830 patients with OSA diagnosed by overnight polysomnography (PSG). The severity of OSA was determined from the apnea- hypopnea index (AHI) for total sleep time (AHI(TST)), and was classifi...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.161.5.9904121
更新日期:2000-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The relative roles of mucus plugs and emphysema in mechanisms of airflow limitation and hypoxemia in smokers with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are uncertain. METHODS:We analyzed computed tomography (CT) lung images and lung function in participants in the Subpopulations and Intermediate Outc...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.202006-2248OC
更新日期:2020-11-12 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of this prospective study was to determine factors influencing effects of inhaled nitric oxide (NO) on the pulmonary circulation and on gas exchange in critically ill patients with acute lung injury. Twenty-one hypoxemic patients with acute respiratory failure (PaO2 = 127 +/- 69 mm Hg during intermittent posit...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.152.1.7599840
更新日期:1995-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Improved ventilation strategies have been the mainstay for reducing mortality in acute respiratory distress syndrome. Their unique clinical effectiveness is, however, unmatched by our understanding of the underlying mechanobiology, and their impact on alveolar dynamics and gas exchange remains largely specula...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.201505-0901OC
更新日期:2016-02-15 00:00:00
abstract::Selected events in rhinovirus infection of the normal human airway can be regarded as occurring sequentially. Initial steps in rhinovirus pathogenesis are believed to include viral entry into the nose, mucociliary transport of virus to the posterior pharynx, and initiation of infection in ciliated and non-ciliated epi...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1164/ajrccm/152.4_Pt_2.S36
更新日期:1995-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) induces transient proliferation of alveolar type II cells (AEII) associated with surfactant alterations. To test the hypothesis that homeostasis of intracellular phospholipid stores is maintained under KGF-induced hyperplasia, we (1) collected tissue from adult rat lungs, fixed for lig...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.200112-132OC
更新日期:2003-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have previously shown (Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 1995;152:1248-1255) that in patients needing mechanical ventilation, the load imposed on the inspiratory muscles is excessive relative to their neuromuscular capacity. We have therefore hypothesized that weaning failure may occur because at the time of the trial...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.158.2.9710084
更新日期:1998-08-01 00:00:00